©richard l. goldman 2001 1 personal computer hard drive ata interface ©richard goldman august 7,...

©Richard L. Goldman 20011

Personal Computer Hard Drive

ATA Interface

©Richard Goldman

August 7, 2001


ATA• ATA, Advanced Technology Attachment• Marketed as:

– IDE, Integrated Device Electronics.• Originally developed for the IBM PC/AT in the mid-1980s.• Adopted as an industry standard in 1994• Provides a standard interface between HDD and computer system

board. (ANSI X3.221-1994)• Integrates the HDD, Hard Disk Drive, and controller PCB, Printed

Circuit Board, into one device.• Later became know as ATA-1• Supports up to 2 devices on one channel.• The ATA standard was withdrawn in 1999.


ATA-2• Adopted in 1996

• The ATA-2 specification was expanded to support two channels, 4 devices in total. (ANSI X3.279-1996)

• Allowed faster transfer rates than ATA.

• Marketed as: – EIDE, Enhanced Integrated Device Electronics.– Fast ATA– Fast ATA-2– Ultra ATA


ATA-3• Adopted in 1997

• The ATA-3 specification has a few new features. (ANSI X3.298-1997)

• No increase in transfer rates.

• Added S.M.A.R.T. technology.– Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology

• Added Security– Allows drives to be read/write locked with a password.


ATA/ATAPI-4• Adopted in 1998

• The ATA/ATAPI-4 specification has many new features. (ANSI NCITS 317-1998)

• Added ATAPI interface to the specification.– ATA Packet Interface– Provides support for CD-ROM drives, Tape backup devices, and PC (PCMCIA)

devices

• Also known as:– Ultra ATA/33– Ultra DMA/33– UDMA/33– Ultra DMA Mode 2

• Added new faster transfer protocols– Transfers data on both positive and negative side of data-latching signal.

• Improved data integrity with data CRC included in new transfer protocols. (Commands are not checked)


ATA/ATAPI-5• Adopted in 2000• The ATA/ATAPI-5 specification is primarily a speed

improvement. (ANSI NCITS 340-2000) • Also known as:

– Ultra ATA/66

– Ultra DMA/66

– UDMA/66

– Ultra DMA Mode 4

• Requires a special 80 wire cable with 40 pin connectors.– Additional ground wires between signal wires reduces crosstalk.

• Requires additional capacitor on system board (pin 34) to detect 80 wire cable.


ATA/ATAPI-6• Adopted in 2001• The ATA/ATAPI-6 specification is another a speed improvement.

(ANSI NCITS ???-2001) • Also known as:

– Ultra ATA/100

– Ultra DMA/100

– UDMA/100

• Requires a special 80 wire cable with 40 pin connectors.– Additional ground wires between signal wires reduces crosstalk.

• Requires additional capacitor on system board to detect 80 wire cable.

• Reduced signal voltage from 5.0V to 3.3V.


“Fast Drives”• Introduced in 2001• The Fast Drive specification is another speed improvement.

(Maxtor Corporation specification – No ANSI specification)• Also known as:

– Ultra ATA/133

• Requires a special 80 wire cable with 40 pin connectors.• Requires additional capacitor on system board to detect 80

wire cable.


Serial ATA• The Serial ATA/1500 specification is a major speed

improvement coupled with a new serial cable design.• ATA/1500 Draft Specification 1.0 – Nov 21, 2000• Also known as:

– SATA• Provides faster data transfer • Provides much lower voltage signals (Dropped to 0.5V)• Provides more robust data transfer (Includes error checking

and correction of data and commands)• Smaller cable allows better circulation inside of computer• Smaller connector provides smaller footprint on system

board and devices.• Allows longer cable lengths (1m) - easier more flexible

design, manufacture, and service.• Software is backwards compatible with parallel ATA.• Requires new cable, and circuitry and connectors on devices

and on system board.• All Serial ATA devices act as “Master” devices.• Dongles and/or adapter cards may be used to adapt Serial

ATA to older computers or devices.


Serial ATA-1• First-generation Serial ATA• Projected shipping date - 2001• 150MB/sec, 1.5Gb/sec, (1X)• Also know as:

– SATA

– SATA-1

– Ultra SATA

– Ultra SATA/1500

– Serial Gen-1


Serial ATA-2• Second-generation ATA• 300MB/sec (2X)• Also know as:

– SATA-2

– Ultra SATA-2

– Serial Gen-2


Serial ATA-3• Third-generation Serial ATA• 600 MB/sec (4X)• Also know as:

– SATA-3

– Ultra SATA-3

– Serial Gen-3


PIO• PIO, Programmed Input Output• PIO is a protocol used to communicate over the

ATA, and ATA-2 interfaces.• PIO data transfers are controlled by the CPU.• ATA and ATA-2 supported 5 different PIO modes:

PIO Mode Interface Transfer Rate0 ATA 3.3 MB/sec1 ATA 5.2 MB/sec2 ATA 8.3 MB/sec3 ATA-2 11.1 MB/sec4 ATA-2 16.7 MB/sec


Single-word DMA• DMA, Direct Memory Access• Single-word DMA allows 8bit data transfers between the device and

memory without CPU intervention.• Transfers are controlled by the DMA Controller.• Also know as:

– DMA– Singleword DMA– Single Word DMA

• ATA and ATA-2 supported 3 different Single-word DMA modes:

Single-word Interface Transfer Rate

DMA Mode

0 ATA 2.08 MB/sec

1 ATA 4.17 MB/sec

2 ATA-2 8.33 MB/sec


Multiword DMA• Multiword DMA allows 16bit data transfers between the device and

memory without CPU intervention.• Multiword DMA, transfers are controlled by the devices themselves

(Called Busmastering).• Also know as:

– Multi Word DMA– Multi-word DMA– Bustmaster DMA– Bustmaster IDE

• ATA and ATA-2 supported 3 different Multiword DMA modes:Multiword Interface Transfer RateDMA Mode 0 ATA 4.16 MB/sec

1 ATA-2 13.3 MB/sec

2 ATA-2 16.7 MB/sec


Ultra DMA• Transfers data on both positive and negative side of data-latching

signal.

• Also know as– UDMA

– Ultra ATA

• ATA-4 through ATA-6 supported 5 different Ultra DMA modes:

Ultra DMA Interface Transfer Rate

Mode

0 ATA/ATAPI-4 16.67 MB/sec





5 ATA/ATAPI-6 100 MB/sec


ATA Modes of TransferATA

Interface PIO

Mode Single-word DMA Mode

Multiword DMA Mode

Ultra DMA Mode

Serial Generation

Transfer Rate

CPU Controlled

DMA Controller

Busmaster (16 bit)

Transfer on + & - clock

Serial Interface

ATA 0 3.3 MB/sec ATA 0 2.08 MB/sec ATA 0 4.16 MB/sec ATA 1 5.2 MB/sec ATA 2 8.3 MB/sec ATA-2 3 11.1 MB/sec ATA-2 1 4.17 MB/sec ATA-2 2 8.33 MB/sec ATA-2 1 13.3 MB/sec ATA-2 4 2 0 16.7 MB/sec ATA-3 ATA/ATAPI-4 1 25 MB/sec ATA/ATAPI-4 2 33.3 MB/sec ATA/ATAPI-5 3 44 MB/sec ATA/ATAPI-5 4 66 MB/sec ATA/ATAPI-6 5 100 MB/sec Fast Drive 133 MB/sec Serial ATA-1 1 150 MB/sec Serial ATA-2 2 300 MB/sec Serial ATA-3 3 600 MB/sec


Setting Jumpers on ATA/ATAPI Devices

• Devices must be set (jumpered) as either:– Single (Stand-alone)

• Used when the device is the only device on the cable.

– Master (Master with Slave)• Used for the first device after a second device (a slave) is added

to the cable.• Sometimes used when the device is the only device on the

cable.

– Slave• Used for the second device added to the cable.

– Cable Select• Used with a special cable. The position on the cable determines

the Master or Slave designation.


Sample Jumper settings

Single Master Slave Select Cable

Maxtor

Western Dig.

Seagate


ATACables

ATA

Single, Master, or Slave

Single, Master, or Slave

40 conductor cable

40 pin connectors

Cable Select

Master

SlaveLine 28 cut between device connectors

40 conductor cable

40 pin connectors

ATA/66/100/133

Master

Slave

80 conductor cable

40 pin connectors

18 inch max. length

Serial ATA

“Master”

“Master”

7 pin connectors

•2 Transmit

•2 Receive

•3 Ground

1 meter max. length


Device (HDD, etc.)

Serial ATA DeviceSignal Connector

Pin 2 - Rec (+)

Pin 6 - Trans (+)

Pin 3 - Rec (-)

Pin 5 - Trans (-)

Signal ConnectorPower Connector

Note: All contacts not labeled are ground contacts


Device (HDD, etc.)

Serial ATA DevicePower Connector

Signal ConnectorPower Connector

Note: All contacts not labeled are ground contacts

Pins 1-3 - 3.3 VDC

Pins 7-9 - 5 VDC

Reserved

Pins 13-15 - 12 VDC

©richard l. goldman 2001 1 personal computer hard drive ata interface ©richard goldman august 7,...

Documents

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