Awareness of Disabilities

AMY DESCHANE & BRITTANY POFF

R I CHLAN D SCHOOL D I ST R I C T SPECI AL EDUCAT I ON T EACHERS

A M Y. D E S C H A N E @ R S D . E D U B R I T TA N Y. P O F F @ R S D. E D U

By a show of hands…

Early Childhood

Elementary K-2

Elementary 3-5

Middle School

High School

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Student First

Language

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13 Disability Types Defined by IDEA

Autism

Deaf/Blindness

Developmental Delays

Health Impairment

Hearing Impairment

Mental Retardation

Orthopedic Impairment

Specific Learning Disability

Speech and Language Impairment

Emotional Behavioral Disorder

Traumatic Brain Injury

Visual Impairment

Multiple Impairments

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Higher Incidence Disabilities

•37%Learning Disabilities

•22%Speech & Language Impairment

•7%Intellectual Disability

•6%Serious Emotional Disturbance

•6%Developmental Delay

Speech & Language Impairment

Speech & Language Impairment

A communication disorder relating to language, articulation, fluency, voice, and is outside the range of acceptable variation in a given environment inconsistent with chronological or mental age of the person with the disability and effects the emotional, social, or educational adjustment of the person with the disability.

Speech & Language

CharacteristicsChild is noticeably behind his/her peers in speech and language

Educational ImplicationsIsolation from peers

Reading and Writing difficulties

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Specific Learning Disability

Learning Disabilities

A disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using language, spoken, or written, which may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or to do mathematical calculations.

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The File Cabinet Analogy

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Characteristics of Learning Disabilities

Language

Literacy

Phonemic awareness

Mathematics

Attention

Memory

Thinking and reasoning

Metacognitive abilities

◦ Study skills

◦ Learning strategies

◦ Organizational strategies

Generalization & application

Social-emotional functioning

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consistently INCONSISTENT

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Intellectual Disability

Intellectual Disability

A condition characterized by the possession of cognitive disabilities which are significantly below average with deficits in adaptive behavior and academic or developmental achievement.

◦ Mild ID: IQ scores from 55 to 70

◦ Moderate ID: IQ scores from 35 to 54

◦ Severe ID: IQ scores from 20 to 34

◦ Profound ID: IQ scores less than 20

Characteristics of Intellectual Disability

Delays

Learning

Behavior

Social Skills

Language

Academics

Coordination

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Emotional Behavioral Disorder

Emotional Behavioral Disorder

Adversely affects academic performance and includes one of the following:◦ Inability to learn which is not caused by an intellectual,

sensor, or health factor

◦ Inappropriate behavior or feelings

◦ A general and pervasive mood of happiness or depression

◦ A physical symptom associated with a personal or academic problem

◦ Expression of fears regarding personal or academic problems

Characteristics of Emotional Disturbance22

Withdrawn/Isolated

Over or Under Reaction

What can you do in the classroom to help?

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Developmental Delay

Developmental Delay

A child under the age of 8 (in Washington) who demonstrates delays in comparison with their same age peers in two or more of the following areas:◦ Receptive or expressive language

◦ Cognitive abilities

◦ Social or emotional

◦ Self-help

◦ Fine or gross motor

Characteristics of Developmental Delays

Low Incidence Disabilities

• <1%Visual Impairments/Blind

• 1%Hearing Impairments

• <1%Orthopedic Impairment

• <1%Traumatic Brain Injury

• 11%Other Health Impairments

• 6%Autism

• 2%Multiple Disabilities

Visual Impairment

Visual Impairment

An impairment in vision that even with correction adversely affects a child’s educational performance this includes partial site and blindness.

Characteristics of Visual Impairment

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Hearing Impairment

Hearing Impairment

An impairment of the hearing mechanism which affects sound integration and prevents or delays the normal development of speech that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.◦ Range of severity from mild to moderate, to severe to

profound

◦ Hard of hearing: can hear speech tones when wearing hearing aids

◦ Deaf: cannot hear speech tones, even with hearing aids

Characteristics of Hearing ImpairmentDelayed language development

May struggle with oral directions

Difficulties with taking notes

Difficulties learning material presented verbally

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Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic Brain Injury

An injury to the brain caused by an external force that results in the total or partial functional disability. The injury to the brain adversely affects educational performance including :

◦ Speech Attention

◦ Language Reasoning

◦ Information processing Physical functions

◦ Abstract thinking Memory

◦ Problem solving ability Psycho-Social Behavior

◦ Sensory, perceptual, and motor skills

Characteristics of Traumatic Brain Injury

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Learning

Model

Assess

Give Feedback

Guided Practice

Orthopedic Impairment

Orthopedic Impairment

A severe orthopedic impairment that adversely affects the child’s educational performance. Includes impairments caused by congenital anomaly, impairments caused by disease, impairments from other causes such as:◦ Spina bifida

◦ Muscular dystrophy

◦ Cerebral palsy

Characteristics of Orthopedic Impairment

Medical Needs

Assistive Technology

Communication Boards

Adaptive Equipment

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Other Health Impairments

Other Health Impairments

Having limited strength, vitality, or alertness including a heightened alertness to environmental stimuli that results in limited alertness with respect to the educational environment that is due to chronic or acute health problems such as:◦ Asthma Heart conditions

◦ ADD/ADHD Lead poisoning

◦ Diabetes Sickle Cell Anemia

◦ Epilepsy

◦ Leukemia

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Characteristics of Other Health Impairment

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Autism

Autism

Autism means a developmental disability significantly affecting verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction, generally evident before age three, that adversely affects a student's educational performance. Other characteristics often associated with autism are engagement in repetitive activities and stereotyped movements, resistance to environmental change or change in daily routines, and unusual responses to sensory experiences.

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Characteristics of Autism

High Anxiety

Sensory Issues

Rituals/ Routines

Social&

Emotional

Language&

Communication

Flexibility of

Thought

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Multiple Impairments

Multiple Disabilities

The occurrence of intellectual disability with another disability.

The combination of which causes severe educational problems for the student.

Characteristics of Multiple Disabilities

Speech & Language Therapy

Physical Therapy

Occupational Therapy

Medical Services

Adaptive Equipment

IND

EPEN

DEN

CE

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Reference Information

Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act 2004http://idea.ed.gov/

NICHCY Fact Sheets/Center for Parent Information & Resourceshttp://www.parentcenterhub.org/resources

Washington Administrative Code WAC Sec. 392-172A-01035http://apps.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=392-172a-01035

U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. (2013). Digest of Education Statistics, 2012 (NCES 2014-015),Chapter 2.

B.F. Williams & R. L. Williams. Effective Programs for Treating Autism Spectrum Disorder: Applied Behavior Analysis Models. (2011)