RIGGING BOAT EQUIPMENT

BOAT PARTS

! Wave breaker ! Rigger (fifth rigger) ! Oarlock ! Axle ! Seat ! Footboards (heel) ! Slides

BOAT SHAPE AND SPECIFICATION

! Shape ! Specification ! Boats Weight Length

8+ 96 kg 16,5-18,5 m

4+ 51 kg 12,0-13,7m 4- 50 kg 12,0-13,4 m 4x 52 kg 12,8-13,8 m 2- 27 kg 9,8-10,4 m 2x 27 kg 9,8-10,4 m 1x 14 kg 7,30-8,30 m

BOAT RIGGING

! Spread and Span ! Internal shaft ! Oarlock height (water-oarlock; seat-

oarlock) ! Angle (total angle = oarlock angle +

paddle angle) ! Footboard angle, height and position

Spread and span

a

b

d

e

Spread and span sweep boat Spread and span scull boat

c

Internal and external oar shaft

! Adjustment of oar to new length also requires the adjustment of the internal shaft

! Internal shaft for sweep boat = span + (28-30 cm)

! Internal shaft for scull boat = span /2 + overlap ! Overlap: 16 – 22 cm (oarlock 2 cm)

Standard measures for heavy rowers

Boat Span Internal shaft Oar length cm cm cm

1x 159-162 88-90 288-292

2X 158-162 87-89 288-290 4x 156-158 87-89 288-290 2- 86 116 372-376 4- 85 115 372-376 8+ 84 114 372-376

HEIGHTS ! Height between seat and oarlock sweep– 15 - 18 cm

scull – 14 - 16 cm (difference L –D ; 0,5 – 1,5 cm)

! Height between water surface and oarlock SWEEP – 26 CM

SCULL – 26 CM Is rower comfortable? Are rower’s fists at the same height as his shoulders? Is there sufficient space to finish the pull cleanly and smoothly? Do blades sink or get out of the water at the end of the pull?

! Height from water surface to roll.

Angle

! Angle on oarlock Optimum angle is a matter of personal preference. More experienced rowers prefer smaller angle. Slower boats require smaller angle than faster boats.

sweep - beginners 5-8 degrees; others 0-4 degrees scull - beginners 4-6 degrees; others 0-6 degrees

! Angle on oar Angle on oar is usually 0.

Total angle of blade in water = angle on oarlock + angle on oar

Angle

! Angle on axel - Vertical axel - Inclined axel Lateral angle

Footboard angle, height and position

! Measuring footboard angle ! Measuring footboard opening ! Measuring footboard height ! Footboard position

BASIC RIGGING SUMMARY

RIGGING STANDARD MEASURES

span sweep table: 3.1,3.2,3.3 & 3.4 ( soon in our shop )

span scull table: 3.1,3.2,3.3 & 3.4 ( soon in our shop )

sweep = span + (30-32 cm)

Internal oar shaft scull = span /2 + overlap/ 2

table: 3.1,3.2,3.3 &3.4

Height of oarlock from seat sweep - 15-18 cm

scull - 14-16 cm

Height of oarlock from water sweep - 26-27

scull - 26 cm

BASIC RIGGING SUMMARY

RIGGING STANDARD MEASURES

sweep - beginners..........5-7 degrees

- others...............0-4 degrees

Angle on oarlock

Scull - beginners 5-8 degrees

- others 4-6 degrees

Angle on oar Usually 0 degrees

Footboard angle 40-45 degrees

Footboard opening angle 25 degrees

BASIC RIGGING SUMMARY

RIGGING STANDARD MEASURES

Footboard height 15-18 cm

Angle between axel and bow

Approximately 32 degrees for sweep

Footboard position Tall rowers - 65 cm

Medium heigh rowers - 63 cm

Short rowers -60 cm

Back angle in scull -35-40 degrees

THE GEARING RATIO

Calculating gearing ratios for “cleaver”

(oar length (cm) – internal shaft (cm) – centre of pressure span (cm)

E.g. Oar length 376 cm (376 – 117) – 26 = 2.74 Internal shaft 117 cm 85 span 85 cm Centre of pressure (CP) sweep 26 cm

scull 20 cm

CHANGING THE GEARING RATIO

Changing the gearing ratio by changing the internal shaft and span.

Example:

oar length 376 span 83.5 internal shaft 113.5 By changing the shaft from 113.5 to 114.5 the gearing ratio changes from 2.83 to

2.82. The difference is 0.01

CHANGING THE GEARING RATIO

If shaft is left at 114.5 and span increased by 1 cm i.e. from 83.5 to 84.5 cm, the gearing ratio will change from 2.82 to 2.79.

The difference is 0.03

CHANGING THE GEARING RATIO

Changing the gearing ratio by changing oar length

Example:

oar length 376 span 83.5 internal shaft 113.5

If at this gearing ratio configuration oar is lengthened by 3cm, the gearing ratio will increase from 2.83 to 2.87.

The difference is 0.04

CHOOSING THE GEARING RATIO

! Shorter race – higher gearing ratio ! Stern wind –higher gearing ratio ! Bow wind – lower gearing ratio ! Stronger and fitter rowers - higher gearing ratio ! Shorter pull – higher gearing ratio ! Higher pull frequency – lower gearing ratio

GEARING RATIO CONFIGURATION

Faster boats – higher gearing ratio Faster boats – shorter span Faster boats - longer external oar shaft

Scull boat gearing ratios are lower

- Scull boats are 2.17 - 2.38 - Sweep boats are 2.55 - 2.95

APPROXIMATE GEARING RATIO FOR SENIORS

Seniors Span +

cm Internal shaft

cm Oar length

cm Maximum

gearing ratio

1x 159 87 288-292 2.33

2x 159 87 288-292 2.34

4x 157 86 288-292 2.38

2- 86 115 374-378 2.79

4- 85 114 375-379 2.85

4+ 85.5 114.5 376-379 2.82

8+ 84 113 376-379 2.89

MECHANICAL PRINCIPLES

PULL EFFICIENCY IN RELATION TO ANGLE

- X ; PROPULSION IS GREATEST WHEN OAR IS VERTICAL TO BOAT - Y ; TORQUE IS GREATEST DURING GRASP AND AT END OF PULL

Y

X

B

B

Propulsion and torque percentages at several angles

Oar angle before and after axle

(vertical)

Propulsion in percentages in relation to total force (y %)

Torque in percentages in relation

to total force ( x %)

58 Grasp 45.62 55.38

45 Grasp 50.00 50.00

35 Grasp 58.81 42.19

20 Grasp 73.31 27.69

0 100.00 00.00

20 End 73.31 27.69

35 End 58.81 42.19

45 End 50.00 50.00

50 End 45.62 55.38

GRASP AND END LENGTH

Rower’s physical dimensions (arms, legs, body) Boat and equipment gearing ratio configuration Specificity of technique prefered by the coach Crew size and shape – desire to have rowers from

the same crew row with equal length and parallel during pull and in the return stage

Beginners Others Grasp End

Sweep 80-85 85-100 45-60 35-40 Scull 85-100 95-110 55-65 35-40

MEASURING PULL LENGTH AND ANGLE

Grasp End

z k Oarlock

Bow Centre line

GRASP VALUES ( sweep )

angle 82 82.5 83 83.5 84 84.5 85 85.5 86 86.5 87

45 82.00 82.5 83.00 83.5 84.00 84.50 85 85.5 86.00 86.50 87.00

50 97.72 98.32 98.92 99.51 100.11 100.70 101.30 101.89 102.49 103.09 103.68

55 117.11 117.82 118.54 119.25 119.96 120.68 121.39 122.11 122.82 123.53 124.25

span

Grasp

PULL END VALUES ( sweep )

angle 82 82.5 83 83.5 84 84.5 85 85.5 86 86.5 87

30 47.34 47.63 47.92 48.21 48.50 48.79 49.07 49.36 49.65 49.94 50.23

33 53.25 53.58 53.90 54.23 54.55 54.87 55.20 55.52 55.85 56.17 56.50

35 57.42 57.77 58.12 58.47 58.82 59.17 59.52 59.87 60.22 60.57 60.92

span End

BOAT MODIFICATIONS DEPENDING ON WEATHER CONDITIONS

Adjusting to bow/stern wind Lifting oarlocks on rough water Using tape and other materials to prevent

entry of water into boat In strong wind, put lead tapes on oar body

end (by the blade)

ITALIAN AUSLEGER FORMATION

! Possible boat formation variations

ADVANTAGES OF ITALIAN FORMATION

Lateral distance of the boat due to unequal pressure on oarlock

ADVANTAGES OF ITALIAN RIGGER FORMATION

A B

a) Normal rigger formation and (b) Italian rigger formation