rio olympic legacy: missed opportunities
DESCRIPTION
This is a presentation prepared for the 44th edition of SCUPAD Salzburg Congress on Urban Planning and Development where I discuss some ideas about the location of the Olympic facilities in relation to the urgent needs of the city of Rio de Janeiro. Many thanks to Isabela Ledo for letting me use some of her maps!TRANSCRIPT
Rio Olympic Legacy
Roberto RoccoChair of Spatial Planning and Strategy, TU Delft
Missed opportunities
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Thursday, 10May, 2012
Context in which Olympics will happen
Thursday, 10May, 2012
Rapid Economic Growth (6th economy GDP nominal in 2012)
Source: http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Olympic%20Charter/Charter_en_2010.pdf
Economic growth
Thursday, 10May, 2012
World stage ambitions
✤ Brazil is seeking for a new role as regional leader, it wants permanent membership in the UN Security Council and could use more (positive) international visibility
Thursday, 10May, 2012
✤ Elections are fair but there are relatively high rates of corruption
✤ Shady common interests between public and private sectors (but with growing control of civil society)
Functioning democracy
Brazilian President Dilma Roussef. Source: http://www.el-nacional.com/noticia/18316/11/Canciller-brasileño-prepara-en-Cuba-primera-visita-de-Rousseff-a-la-isla.html Photo distributed by Reuters. Author unknown.Thursday, 10May, 2012
✤ High urbanization rate (+ 88%)
✤ (Time for urban reform, made possible by progressive 1988 constitution)
Stable urbanization
Thursday, 10May, 2012
The local contextThanks to devolution of powers included in the Constitution of 1988, the city of Rio de Janeiro has the upper hand in planning and financing the upcoming Olympic games.The city needs to make partnerships with the State of Rio and the Brazilian Federal government, as well as the private sector, but until now (May 2012), these partnerships are incipient at best.
Thursday, 10May, 2012
Pacific
ValdesPenninsula
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Pa
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Macapa
Antofagasta
Ar ica
Concepcion
Iquique
Puerto Montt
Valparaiso
Cucuta
Mitu
Puno
Talara
BahiaBlanca
Mendoza
Neuquen
Rawson
Resistencia
Salta
San Car losde Bar i loche
San MiguelDe Tucuman
SanRafael
San SalvadorDe Jujuy
Tar i ja
Aracaju
Boa Vista
CampoGrande
Cuiaba
Imperatr iz
Porto VelhoRioBranco
Santarem
Tarauaca
Teres ina
Valdiv ia
Pasto
Apoter i
B luef ie lds
Concepcion
C. Oviedo
Arequipa
Ayacucho
Cerro De PascoCocama
Cuzco
Huanuco
Ica
Iquitos
Orel lana
Sul lana
Tacna
Durazno
Paysandu
Tacuarembo
Ciudad Bol ivar
Matur in
PuertoAyacucho
San Cr istobal
Foz Do Iguacu
PuertoCabezas
Barquisimeto
Brazil
Argentina
Uruguay
Paraguay
Bolivia
Peru
Chile
Ecuador
Colombia
VenezuelaGuiana
SurinameFrench Guiana
> than 10 million inh. (megalopolis)
> than 5 million inh. (continental metropolis)
> than 3 million inh. (metropolis)
> than 1 million inh. (big city)
São Paulo > than 18 million inh.
Bogota
Medellin
Lima
Cali
Maracaibo
Caracas
Belem
Sao Luis Fortaleza
Recife
Salvador
Goiania
Belo Horizonte
Rio de Janeiro
São PauloCuritiba
Buenos Aires Montevideo
Florianopolis
Porto Alegre
Manaus
Brasilia
Vitoria
Santos
Campinas
Natal
Maceio
Joinville
Cordoba
Rosario
Santiago
La Paz
Santa Cruz
Asuncion
Barranquilla
Quito
Guayaquil
Valencia
Callao
Thursday, 10May, 2012
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m
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Bahia
Resistencia
Salta
San MiguelDe Tucuman
San SalvadorDe Jujuy
Tar i ja
CampoGrande
Concepcion
C. Oviedo
Durazno
Paysandu
Tacuarembo
Foz Do Iguacu
Argentina
Uruguay
Paraguay
> than 10 million inh.
> than 5 million inh.
> than 3 million inh.
> than 1 million inh.
São Paulo > than 18 million inh.
Belo Horizont
Rio de Janeir
São PauloCuritiba
Buenos Aires Montevideo
Florianopolis
Porto Alegre
Vitoria
Santos
Campinas
Joinville
Cordoba
Rosario
Santa Cruz
Asuncion
> than 10 million inh. (megalopolis)
> than 5 million inh. (continental metropolis)
> than 3 million inh. (metropolis)
> than 1 million inh. (big city)
São Paulo > than 18 million inh.
Thursday, 10May, 2012
The 6th largest metropolitan area in the Americas by population
0
5,500,000
11,000,000
16,500,000
22,000,000
Population in 2007, various sourcesMexico City Sao Paulo New York Buenos Aires Los Angeles Rio
115291941287479713074000
1906979619889559
21404435
Mexico City Sao Paulo New York Buenos Aires Los Angeles Rio
Thursday, 10May, 2012
0
3,250,000
6,500,000
9,750,000
13,000,000
City Metropolitan
12,387,000
6323037
A vast and disconnected metropolitan area
Source: http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/Thursday, 10May, 2012
A rich and scenic geography
Thursday, 10May, 2012
A diverse population
0%
1%
Afro-Brazilians12%
Multiracial37%
Whites51%
Whites Multiracial Afro-Brazilians East Asians Native Americans
Ethnic composition in 2010 (IBGE Census)
Source: http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/Thursday, 10May, 2012
Thursday, 10May, 2012
HDI compared (2011)
✤City of Rio= 0,842 (high) comparable to Cyprus (0.840 in 2011)
✤This is higher than Portugal and lower than the UK
Thursday, 10May, 2012
A services and creativity oriented economy
✤ Rio is the 30th richest city in world by GDP
130
137.5
145
152.5
160
$ billion in 2005
San Diego 29th Rio 30th Barcelona 31th
http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.htmlThursday, 10May, 2012
7 Planning Urgencies
Thursday, 10May, 2012
Human Development Index by borough in the city of Rio de Janeiro (2000)
1. How to bridge the social=spatial divide that characterises the city?
Source: Instituto Pereira Passos, http://portalgeo.rio.rj.gov.brThursday, 10May, 2012
2.How to deal with informal urbanisation while respecting
citizens’ ‘right to the city’? 14.4% of the city (6% of
www.flickr.com/photos/andreasnilsson1976
70% of inhabitants of favelas are Afro-Brazilians or multiracialThursday, 10May, 2012
3.How to harmonise environmental preservation with social needs?
http://www.flickr.com/photos/exfordy/Thursday, 10May, 2012
http://www.flickr.com/photos/liaralis/
4.How to connect and develop its vast peripheral areas,
home to more than 6 million people?
Thursday, 10May, 2012
5.How to regenerate its historical core and disused port areas in face of a savage unregulated real estate market?
http://www.flickr.com/photos/yidnamuThursday, 10May, 2012
Thursday, 10May, 2012
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dhani_b/
6.How to improve and extend the city’s public transportation network while keeping transport affordable?
Thursday, 10May, 2012
7.How to consolidate the city’s image as a prime international holiday
destination, a centre of culture and business and of large events, like
the Olympics?
http://www.flickr.com/photos/exfordy/Thursday, 10May, 2012
This begs the question
Do the current Olympics plans help Rio solve (some of) its planning urgencies?
Thursday, 10May, 2012
The role of the International Olympic Committee
✤14. To promote a positive legacy from the Olympic Games to the host cities and host countries
Source: http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Olympic%20Charter/Charter_en_2010.pdfThursday, 10May, 2012
Examples of positive legacy
Mobility upgradeVenues reuseUrban regeneration projectsEnvironmental preservation
Originally elaborated by Isabela Ledo, TU Delft, 2012Thursday, 10May, 2012
Examples of positive legacy
http://www.asia-insider-photos.com/famous-places-in-china.html
Displacement of low income inhabitantsReduction of investment in local needsIncrease in rents and land prices
Examples of negative legacy
Gentrification of neighbourhoodsUnder use of Olympic infrastructureExpensive maintenance of Olympic facilities without social gainsIncrease of public debt
Originally elaborated by Isabela Ledo, TU Delft, 2012Thursday, 10May, 2012
Urban and Environmental Legacy Plan Special Urban legacy committee of the Planning Department of the city of Rio de Janeiro
✤ A set of proposal for urban and environmental development aims to:
✤ Protect the environment
✤ Promote social inclusion
✤ Attract investment
✤ Improve urban mobility, accessibility and distribution of public services
http://www2.rio.rj.gov.br/smu/paginas/planolegado_urbano_ambiental.aspThursday, 10May, 2012
Urban Legacy Plan + City Master Plan : Convergences
✤ Accommodation / Housing
✤ Urban transportation
✤ Sanitation + environment
✤ City appreciation + branding
Thursday, 10May, 2012
Desenvolvimento urbano com proteção ambiental, inclusão social, atração de investimentos, e melhoria da qualidade de vida da população.
Integração das áreas ao norte e ao sul dos maciços da cidadeFortalecimento das ligações leste-oesteEixos estruturais de trans porte coincidentes com vetores de crescimentoAbertura de áreas para produção de habitação de interesse social ao longo dos eixos de transporteDespoluição de praias e lagoasProteção do patrimônio natural Proteção do patrimônio cultural com aproveitamento para habitaçãoSaneamento ambiental nas áreas densamente ocupadas e em vias de ocupaçãoModernização do suporte às atividades portuárias
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PAC/ Favela-bairro/Pro-moradia/Morar carioca
New alternativesNew social housing
Originally elaborated by Isabela Ledo, TU Delft, 2012Thursday, 10May, 2012
Housing deficit✤ Rio de Janeiro housing deficit in 2009: 136.345 dwellings
✤ Number of rooms to be constructed for the Olympic family until 2016: c. 12.000 two room apartments (8.8% of the housing deficit in 2009)
http://lawinbrazil.blogs.wvu.edu/2008_blog_home/2008/8/8/a-sobering-day-for-exhausted-students
0
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2007Housing Deficit Apartments for Olympics
Housing DeficitApartments for Olympics
Thursday, 10May, 2012
The main site at Jacarepagua/Tijuca
Favela Autodromo
Autodromo de Jacarepagua
HSBC Arena
Rio Centro Sports and Exhibition centre
Rock in Rio site
Sarah Kubistchek Hospital
Favela
Sports Arena
Source: http://concursoparqueolimpicorio2016.iabrj.org.br/Thursday, 10May, 2012
Source: http://concursoparqueolimpicorio2016.iabrj.org.br/Thursday, 10May, 2012
Source: http://concursoparqueolimpicorio2016.iabrj.org.br/Thursday, 10May, 2012
Source: http://concursoparqueolimpicorio2016.iabrj.org.br/Thursday, 10May, 2012
AECOM is also responsible for London 2012 Olympic Park Master Plan
Source: http://concursoparqueolimpicorio2016.iabrj.org.br/Thursday, 10May, 2012
Source: http://concursoparqueolimpicorio2016.iabrj.org.br/Thursday, 10May, 2012
Source: http://concursoparqueolimpicorio2016.iabrj.org.br/Thursday, 10May, 2012
Thursday, 10May, 2012
Vila Autodromo in Barra da Tijuca, source: http://colunas.radioglobo.globoradio.globo.com/platb/blog-do-amarelinho-rj/2011/10/19/moradores-resistem-a-desocupacao-da-favela-vila-autodromo-em-jacarepagua/
Thursday, 10May, 2012
Newspaper clippings. Text from O Globo, Luciana Calazans, September 18, 2012 available at: http://ademi.webtexto.com.br/article.php3?id_article=33653
Thursday, 10May, 2012
✤ Aerial View of Barra da Tijuca. Photo by Didac Freund (creative commons)Thursday, 10May, 2012
Watch a film on Olympic locations
✤http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtZqu4qDzok
Thursday, 10May, 2012
Porto Maravilha Project (the Wonderful Port)
✤ The Porto Maravilha Urban Operation is a large-scale urban waterfront revitalization project. It covers a five million square meters area located next to the centre of the city.
✤ The project aims to redevelop the port area, increasing the city centre attractiveness
Source: http://www.ub.edu/geocrit/b3w-895/b3w-895-21.htm
Thursday, 10May, 2012
Porto Maravilha
Source: Vinicius Moro at http://www.slideshare.net/viniciusmoro/projeto-porto-maravilha/download
Operating Port
Bridge to Niteroi
Domestic Airport
Favela
Pier MauaShipyards
Central Train Station
Sambodrome
Thursday, 10May, 2012
Porto Maravilha
Source: Vinicius Moro at http://www.slideshare.net/viniciusmoro/projeto-porto-maravilha/download
Operating Port
Bridge to Niteroi
Domestic Airport
Favela
Pier MauaShipyards
Central Train Station
Sambodrome
Buildings up to 50 floors, with floor area
ratio of 12 X the plot area
Buildings up to 40 floors, with floor area
ratio of 12 X the plot area
Buildings up to 20
floors
Buildings up to 30 floors, with floor area ratio of 11 X the
plot area
New Museum
New tunnel
Thursday, 10May, 2012
Main objectives of Porto Maravilha
1 Improve the quality of the public space and urban infrastructure2 Foster the city economic growth and economic opportunities3 Increase the number of inhabitants in the central area4 Create a better social balance and sustainable urban environment
See more information at http://www.portomaravilha.com.br/index.aspxThursday, 10May, 2012
Any conclusions?
Do the current Olympics plans help Rio solve (some of) its planning urgencies?
Thursday, 10May, 2012
Yes, but....
•The exclusive location is very far from the centre and north of the city and will not help attract attention to the areas that need regeneration and development the most (Old centre, old port, northern zone). The old port is subject to another large project.
• Raising property values (some expect in more than 50%, in some cases 100%) of the area will benefit developers and construction companies enormously, but benefits to users is doubtful. High values will make any attempt to build social housing in the area almost impossible. It will reinforce the fracture between the southern and northern areas of the city.
•The housing projects are infinitely beyond what the city needs, but the Olympics helps bring attention to housing problems in Rio.
Thursday, 10May, 2012
•The lack of integration between Federal government, State and Municipality is reflected in the lack of integration of large infra-structural projects and the choice of locations.
•The main gains are in public transportation and city branding, although an opportunity is missed to invest in alternative transportation modes, including subway, light rail and trams.
Thursday, 10May, 2012
•One of the biggest lost opportunities refers to the redevelopment of Rio’s old port, the water front close to the historic city centre, where the easy accessibility to both airports and the future rapid train terminal would make it an ideal destination to travellers. Having the Olympics in the area would bring prosperity and valuation to a larger and more crucial area of the city. The old port is part of another large intervention (Porto Maravilha), but locating the Olympics there would perhaps create more accessible and usable facilities, besides pushing the regeneration of the area.
Thursday, 10May, 2012
Thanks for listening! Any questions?Prepared by Roberto Rocco, chair ofSpatial Planning and Strategy,
TU Delft. [email protected]
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