- Chipko Movement

- Party based movements

- Non-party movements

"We in Himalaya are facing a crisis of survival due to the suicidal activities being carried out in the name of development... The monstrous Tehri dam is a symbol of this... There is need for a new and long-term policy to protect the dying Himalaya. I do not want to see the death of the most sacred river of the world - the Ganga - for short-term economic gains."

Sunderlal Bahuguna

CHIPKO MOVEMENTCHIPKO MOVEMENT(Tree-hugging movement)(Tree-hugging movement)

19731973 Chamoli, UttarakhandChamoli, Uttarakhand Tactic used – hugging the trees to prevent them Tactic used – hugging the trees to prevent them

from being felledfrom being felled Larger issues of ecological and economic Larger issues of ecological and economic

exploitation were raised.exploitation were raised. DemandsDemands

No forest exploiting contracts should be given to No forest exploiting contracts should be given to outsidersoutsiders

Local communities should have effective control Local communities should have effective control over natural resourcesover natural resources

Gov. should provide low cost materials to small Gov. should provide low cost materials to small industries and ensure development without industries and ensure development without disturbing ecological balancedisturbing ecological balance

Minimum wage for landless forest workersMinimum wage for landless forest workers

Ash tree

s

HighlightsHighlights of the movement of the movement Women’s active Women’s active

participationparticipation Forest contractors tried to Forest contractors tried to

woo men by giving ‘em woo men by giving ‘em alcoholalcohol

Issue of alcoholism also Issue of alcoholism also raisedraised

END RESULT :

Government issued a ban on felling of trees for FIFTEEN YEARS until the green cover was fully restored.

POPULAR MOVEMENTS

SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

POLITICAL MOVEMENTS

• Anti-Caste Movement• Kisan Sabhas• Trade Unions etc.

• Nationalist Movement

Deliberations during the colonial period on social and economic issues during the colonial period gave rise to independent social movements like bla bla bla…

These movements raised issues related to some underlying social conflicts.

Movements in the Post-independence period(PARTY MOVEMENTS)

TRADE UNION MOVEMENT Had a strong

presence among the industrial workers

Major cities Major pol. Parties

established their own trade unions

Mumbai

Kanpur

Kolkata

PEASANTS’ MOVEMENT

-Telangana, Andhra Pradesh,

-West Bengal and Bihar also

-Massive agitations during early independence period demanding redistribution of land to cultivators

-Peasants + Agri labourers held agitations

-Issues tabled were :

Communist Party + Marxist Leninist workers (Naxalites)

1. Economic injustice

2. Inequality

Connection with the Political Parties

These movements did not participate in elections formally

Yet they retained connections – coz many participants in these movements, as individuals and as organizations were actively associated with parties

Benefit – These links ensured better representation of the demands of diverse social sections in party politics.

NON – PARTY MOVEMENTS

Rise

Participants

Voluntary Organizations

Non party political formations

Present Scenario

…Thanks