risk & resilience management framework _ resilience management framework for...risk &...

RISK & RESILIENCE MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

for PHILIPPINE HERITAGE SITES & STRUCTURES

Grace C. Ramos

EnP 328

Carmen Bettina S. Bulaong, co-author

https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/issues/disasters/typhoon-yolanda/44932-yolanda-haiyan-tagle-palo-leyte

https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/07/27/19/look-quake-damage-in-batanes

http://www.juliabroad.com/2013-2015/2014/2/27/pampanga-december-2013-1

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-24530042

Title

• Body

https://www.goodnewspilipinas.com/5-historical-buildings-you-need-to-see-in-escolta/

GCRamos 2017

https://philnews.ph/2018/05/10/philippine-historical-landmarks-vandalized-rotten-forgotten/

How can risk and resilience management principles

be organized into a design and management

framework for the protection and sustained viability

of Philippine heritage sites and structures?

CHALLENGE AT HAND

1. What design and management issues beset different categories of Philippine heritage sites and structures?

2. What types of risks that pose threats to Philippine heritage sites and structures?

3. What are the general features of Philippine heritage sites and structures that make them pre-disposed to risks?

4. What are the key risk management principles that underlie the long-term survival of sites and structures?

5. What are the factors that account for resilience of sites and structures?

6. What are the relationships between and among the risk and resilience variables and the features of Philippine heritage sites and structures?

In search

of a

framework

Risk

Management

Principles

Heritage

Profile

Risks to

Philippine

Heritage

Risk

Resilience

and

Philippine

Heritage

CASES

EXISTING FRAMEWORKS

RESILIENCE THEORIES

• Hyogo• Sendai• Climate

Change Act• 100 Resilient

Cities

Manila, Angono, Iloilo, Zamboanga

H

E

V

6

•Systems Theory•Social construction

of Risk•People-space dialectics•R= HEV

METHODOLOGY

DESIGN &

MANAGEMENT

PRINCIPLES

CASE SITES

City of Manila

Municipality of Angono

City of Iloilo

City of Zamboanga

http://wikimapia.org/6219916/University-of-

Santo-Tomas#/photo/3419166

https://news.mb.com.ph/2019/01/19/feast-of-san-sebastian-to-

be-celebrated-in-high-mass-today/

8

CITY OF MANILAClassification First Class City

Land Area 4,045.80 has.

Population 1,581,082 persons

Population Density 41,282/ sq.km.

Barangays 897

Registered Heritage

Structures/Sites

482

Risks Flooding, liquefaction, ground shaking

Fire due to old structures and

informal settlements ; Urbanization

effects

Average Income 374,313https://www.payscale.com/research/PH/Location=Iloilo-City/Salary

194,455CLUP

MANILA

HERITAGE MAP

MANILA HERITAGE ON RISK MAPS

MANILA HERITAGE SITES

MANILA CATHEDRAL SAN AGUSTIN CHURCHMANILA CITY HALL

UST MAIN BLDG.SAN SEBASTIAN

http://www.baldtrekker.com/2017/03/10/the-angono-binangonan-petroglyphs/

http://angono.gov.ph

http://whatsup.ph/rizal-travel-guide-art-

capital-philippines-and-other-parts-of-rizal/

https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-23wOGqBLUEw/WV46-

bfIQQI/AAAAAAAACnI/FSPSzZrDYKcaHolc7nD7iJ_QxmcWd-

HbwCLcBGAs/s1600/Francisco%2B0%2Blead.jp

MUNICIPALITY OF ANGONOClassification First Class Municipality

Land Area 2,300 has.

Population 102,407

Population Growth Rate 1.78%

Population Density 60/ ha.

Barangays 10

Registered Heritage

Structures/Sites

9

Risks Flooding, Landslides,

Drought; Urbanization

Spillover effects

Average Income (Rizal) 246,286 NSO

ANGONO

HERITAGE MAP

ANGONO HERITAGE ON RISK MAPS

ANGONO HERITAGE SITES

PETROGLYPHS ST. CLEMENT CHURCCARLOS FRANCISCO HOUSE

https://www.scoopnest.com/user/inqui

rerdotnet/608285218089279488-flags-

adorn-the-restored-old-iloilo-

provincial-capitol-where-the-june-12-

vin-d39honneur-will-be-held

https://www.panaynews.net/isis-to-disrupt-

jaro-fiesta-fake-news-pro-6/

https://iloilo-travel-

guide.blogspot.com/2012/01/st-annes-

church-in-molo.html

https://www.choosephilippines.com/do/histor

y-and-culture/3951/historical-sites-iloilo/

www.hiveminer.com

16

CITY OF ILOILOClassification First Class City

Land Area 73.34 sq.km

Population 461,841

Population Growth Rate 1.02%

Population Density 5,836/sq.km

Barangays 180

Registered Heritage

Structures/Sites

228

Risks Flooding, liquefaction,

ground shaking

Urbanization effects

Average Income 202,324 https://www.payscale.com/research/PH/Location=Iloilo-

City/Salary

ILOILO

HERITAGE

MAP

ILOILO HERITAGE ON RISK MAPS

CASA REAL

ILOILO HERITAGE SITES

OLD JARO MUN. HALLOLD CITY HALL

MOLO CHURCHJARO CATHEDRAL

https://zamboanga.com/z/index.p

hp?title=File:Fort_pilar_2012.jpg

http://www.bucor.gov.ph/facilities/srppf.html

https://www.beautifulmosque.com/Taluks

angay-Mosque-in-Barangay-Philippines

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamboanga_City#/m

edia/File:ZAMBOANGA_CITY_Asia's_Latin_City

_City_Hall_and_Plaza_Rizal_(Ayunamiento_y_Pl

aza_Rizal).jpg

https://blog.edukasyon.ph/college-life/the-

students-guide-to-the-western-mindanao-

state-university-college-entrance-test-

wmsucet/

http://www.bucor.gov.ph/facilities/srppf.html

CITY OF ZAMBOANGAClassification First Class City

Land Area 1,453.27 sq.km

Population 861,799

Population Growth

Rate

2.38%

Population Density 593/ sq.km

Barangays 98

Registered Heritage

Structures/Sites

18

Risks Armed Conflicts

Flooding, Storm Surge

Urbanization effects

Average Income 186,212https://www.payscale.com/research/PH/Location=Iloilo-

City/Salary

ZAMBOANGA

HERITAGE

MAP

ZAMBOANGA HERITAGE ON RISK MAPS

ZAMBOANGA HERITAGE SITES

FORT PILAR

CITY HALLWMSU NORMAL SCHOOL

TALUKSANGKAY MOSQUESAN RAMON PRISON

DISASTER RISKS CITY/ MUNICIPALITY

NATURAL HUMAN-INDUCED

2019 Traffic, Sea Port Activities

Drowning

Blue Alert due to Semana Santa

Fire Neighborhood Fire Neighborhood Fire

Earthquake Intensity V earthquake

Tropical Depression Tropical Depression “Chedeng”

Water Pollution Informal Settlers and Building

Encroachment on Manila Bay

Dead fish from low level of

dissolved oxygen

2018 Flooding

Landslides

Tropical Cyclone. Tropical Storm

“Karding”. Typhoon “Ompong”.

Detection of Flood Risk Areas.

Evacuation, and damage to private

property.

Tropical Storm “Vinta”. Heavy

Rains

Water Pollution Manila Bay Overflows, leaves

garbage.

Earthquake

Tsunami

“Blue Alert” from series of quakes PHIVOLCS explains trend in killer

earthquakes

Fire Neighborhood Fire with casualties

2017 Flooding Tropical Depression “Maring” Inclement weather by habagat Tropical Depression Vinta.

Landslide Evacuation in caution from

landlslides

2016 Fire,

Health and Life Safety due to

crowding, Children getting lost

Feast of the Black Nazarene

Processional Walk

Vehicular accidents, Drowning

Fire

Holy Week with high volume traffic to provinces and places of worship

Trips to beaches/resorts

Violence National and local elections , Protest Rallies

Shooting, Bomb/grenade explosion, Fire/conflagaration, Commotion/Violence

Incident/Harassment/Threat incident

Tornado Tornado causes heavy damages

2015 Landslides, Typhoon

Flooding

Undas. Typhoon “Koppu” Typhoon Hanna

2014 Landslides

Typhoon

Typhoon “Hagupit”/ “Ruby” Tropical Depression “Agaton”

Flooding Typhoon Luis

2013 Flooding, Storm Surge,

and strong winds

Torrential rain brings waist-deep floods Typhoon Yolanda

Armed Conflict Shooting, Bomb explosion, Fires

Oil Spill 800,000 liters of oil leak

2012 Flooding Rains cause dams to overflow

Landslide Heavy rain and earthquakes cause

landslides

2011 Flooding Typhoon “Nesat”

MANILA ANGONO ILOILO ZAMBOANGA

DISASTER RISKS CITY/ MUNICIPALITY

NATURAL HUMAN-INDUCED

2019 Traffic, Sea Port Activities

Drowning

Blue Alert due to Semana Santa

Fire Neighborhood Fire Neighborhood Fire

Earthquake Intensity V earthquake

Tropical Depression Tropical Depression “Chedeng”

Water Pollution Informal Settlers and Building

Encroachment on Manila Bay

Dead fish from low level of

dissolved oxygen

2018 Flooding

Landslides

Tropical Cyclone. Tropical Storm

“Karding”. Typhoon “Ompong”.

Detection of Flood Risk Areas.

Evacuation, and damage to private

property.

Tropical Storm “Vinta”. Heavy

Rains

Water Pollution Manila Bay Overflows, leaves

garbage.

Earthquake

Tsunami

“Blue Alert” from series of quakes PHIVOLCS explains trend in killer

earthquakes

Fire Neighborhood Fire with casualties

2017 Flooding Tropical Depression “Maring” Inclement weather by habagat Tropical Depression Vinta.

Landslide Evacuation in caution from

landlslides

2016 Fire,

Health and Life Safety due to

crowding, Children getting lost

Feast of the Black Nazarene

Processional Walk

Vehicular accidents, Drowning

Fire

Holy Week with high volume traffic to provinces and places of worship

Trips to beaches/resorts

Violence National and local elections , Protest Rallies

Shooting, Bomb/grenade explosion, Fire/conflagaration, Commotion/Violence

Incident/Harassment/Threat incident

Tornado Tornado causes heavy damages

2015 Landslides, Typhoon

Flooding

Undas. Typhoon “Koppu” Typhoon Hanna

2014 Landslides

Typhoon

Typhoon “Hagupit”/ “Ruby” Tropical Depression “Agaton”

Flooding Typhoon Luis

2013 Flooding, Storm Surge,

and strong winds

Torrential rain brings waist-deep floods Typhoon Yolanda

Armed Conflict Shooting, Bomb explosion, Fires

Oil Spill 800,000 liters of oil leak

2012 Flooding Rains cause dams to overflow

Landslide Heavy rain and earthquakes cause

landslides

2011 Flooding Typhoon “Nesat”

MANILA ANGONO ILOILO ZAMBOANGA

https://ph.news.yahoo.com/violent-incidents-marred-philippines-2019-064429946.html

https://sonshineradio.com/manila/tag/philippine-coast-guard-pcg/

R-H RELATIONSHIP TYPOLOGIESRISK AND RESILIENCE

FACTORS

CHARACTERISTICS OF HERITAGE SITES

& STRUCTURES IN CASE STUDIES

RELATIONSHIP

TYPOLOGY

Structure: Features inherent

to the material dimension of the

heritage subject

Location: Physical site context

defined by both natural and man-

made elements

People: Attributes of users,

communities, organizations that

bear on resilience

Processes: People and space

dynamics that continuously redefine

heritage subjects

A

B

C

D

RISK & HERITAGE CONSERVATION VARIABLES

Inherent Features

& ContextInterventions that Negatively Impact

T

I

M

E

Age and

Design

Location Maintenance Reconfiguration Patronage/

Use

Relocation Ecosystem

Change

Natural Hazards

Physical

VulnerabilitiesExposure

Vulnerability/

Sensitivity

Social and Economic

Vulnerabilities

Governance

Institutions and Legal

Mechanisms

Changing Lifestyles

Diminished Specialized Role

Gentrification

Erosion of Cultural Diversity

Conflicts

Adaptive

Capacity

Time

Production &

Value Chains

Information

&Technology

Flows

Power

Structures

A & B C & D

PHYSICAL SOCIAL ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONAL MULTI-LEVEL NETWORKS

NATIONAL/INTERNATIONAL NETWORKS & PROCESSES

IMPACT LEVELS

o Structures and Sites

o Individual/ Household/

Community

o City/ Municipality/ Region

o National

o International

Physical Vulnerabilities : design and physical site context

Social and Economic Vulnerabilities : demographics, abilities, disabilities, social class

Diminished Specialized Role : weakening of the distinct image, products, services

Gentrification : change in composition of neighborhoods

Weak Governance : administrative systems

Erosion of Cultural Diversity : narrowing array of customs, traditions, social practices,

livelihood, values, beliefs

Changing Lifestyles : alterations in behavior systems

IMPACT FACTORS

Conflicts : short or long-term disruptions in the social processes

Weak Institutional and Legal

Mechanisms : Inefficacies and inefficiencies of governance systems

Complicated and Unsustainable

Production and Value Chains : Economic processes that involves indiscriminate extraction of

resources, long distribution lines, etc.

Non-calibration of Information

and Technology : knowledge and technology not adapted to the local context

Disproportionately Slanted

Power Structures : inequities in the disposition of power

IMPACT FACTORS

https://images.summitmedia-digital.com/townandcountry/images/gallery/8120/main-buildings-affected-by-the-earthquake-ph-2019.jpg

https://www.thenational.ae/image/policy:1.598553:1499986508/image/jpeg.jpg?f=16x9&w=1200&$p$f$w=dfa40e8

OUTCOMES

Physical strength and stability of structures

Social and economic enablement

Adaptable lifestyles

Enhanced specialized role of community and LGU

Community-based growth and development

Capacitated governance

Cultural diversity

Conflict resolution

Strong institutions and legal mechanisms

Sustainable production and value chains

Calibrated information and technology

Equity and balance in power structures

OUTCOMES

OUTCOMES

▪ Building

Mass or

Mutual

Crowding

▪ Ductility

and

Framing

Systems

▪ Flexibility

and Base

Isolation

INTERVENTIONS

▪ Extra

Components/

Reserve

Capacities

Sealing

Wind

resistance

and Roof

Forms

Physical strength & stability of structures

Physical strength and stability of structures

Social and economic enablement

Adaptable lifestyles

Enhanced specialized role of community and LGU

Community-based growth and Capacitated governance

Cultural diversity

Conflict resolution

Strong institutions and legal mechanisms

Sustainable production and value chains

Calibrated information and technology

Equity and balance in power structures

http://marinduquegov.blogspot.com/2011/02/cong-velascos-livelihood-program.html

https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1015885

Access to information

Better heritage

appreciation

Balanced

development

Regional identity

Public realm

Grandt Planners, Inc.

40

INTERVENTIONS

Enhanced

specialized role of

community and

LGU

Community-based

growth and

development

Capacitated

governance

Cultural diversity

http://www.pinoyroadtrip.com/2019/01/rizal-itinerary-

angono-petroglyphs-pinto-museum.html

http://www.theguidon.com/1112/main/2011/12/untouched-magic-

art-and-life-in-angono/

https://journeyunderblueskies.wordpress.com/2015/08/08/taking-

pride-of-angonos-street-murals/

https://www.choosephilippines.com/do/festivals/4873/giants-

still-exist-arts-capital-philippines/

Local economy

Inclusive

Spatial Forms

Regulated

densification

Distinct

neighborhoods

INTERVENTIONS

Enforced

regulations

Delineated

Protected Areas

Culturally-

sensitive Spaces

Collaborative

Innovation




INTERVENTIONS

INTERVENTIONS

Sustainable

production and

value chains

Calibrated

information and

technology

Equity and

balance in

power

structures

Directed

Urbanization

Parity in Resource

Allocation

Contextual Built

Form



National level impacts

greater variety of form

more and better maintained public places

improved socio-economic activities and

indicators

responsive building and development laws

greater global competitiveness.

OUTCOMES

International Level outcomes

country’s clarified and stronger role in the

global production network

imageable built forms

contextual application of new knowledge and

technology

competitive traded goods and services

better resource allocation

TIME

TOWARDS LONG-TERM RESILIENCE

TIME


https://www.antiquemapsandprints.com https://www.ebay.co.uk

1920 Manilahttps://en.wikipedia.org

1918 Zamboanga1885 Iloilo 1950 Angonohttps://www.pinterest.ph

URBAN MORPHOLOGY

TIME


DEVELOPMENT STAGES

https://guidetothephilippines.ph/articles/ultimate-guides/quezon-city-travel-guide http://www.interaksyon.com/trends-spotlights/2019/

https://guidetothephilippines.ph/articles/ultimate-guides/quezon-city-travel-guide

TIME


DYNAMIC NETWORKS

TIME


SEASONALITY

https://www.pinterest.ph https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/1https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/edsa/the-ph-protest/

TIME


RELATIVITY

https://www.forsspacglobal.comhttps://i.redd.it/p16d7mqxvy211.jpg

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End of Presentation

Research made possible through Escuella Taller de Filipinas Foundation Inc. and University of the Philippines College of Architecture

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