DR ALISTAIR BEGG

Cardiac Rehabilitation

November 26th 2011

Cardiac Risk Factors

Non-modifiable Risk Factors Modifiable Risk Factors

Age Cholesterol-HDL,LDL,TG

Sex Blood Pressure-systolic,diastolic

Family History Smoking-active and passive

Diabetes

Obesity-weight,waist

Diet

Exercise

Environmental Stress

Vascular history

Risk Factor TargetsBlood Pressure 130/80 mm Hg

Total Cholesterol Below 4.0 mmol /l

Triglycerides Below 2.0 mmol/l

HDL cholesterol Above 1.0 mmol/l

LDL cholesterol Below 1.8 mmol/l

Fasting blood glucose Below 5.5 mmol/l

Smoking Zero

Alchohol No more than 2 standard drinks per day for males and 1 for females if high blood pressure,otherwise 2 drinks

Physical activity 30 minutes or more of moderate physical activity for at least 5 days a week

Weight BMI under 25 kg/sq m

Waist measurement Under 94 cm males,80 cm females

HOW QUICKLY DO THE BENEFITS O STOPPING SMOKING OCCUR ?

•By 12 hours almost all the nicotine has been metabolised

•24 hours later all the blood levels of carbon monoxide have dropped dramatically

meaning your red blood cells can carry more oxygen to your heart

•By 5days your sense of taste and smell have improved

•After 6 weeks the risk of wound infection has substantially reduced

•At 12 months cilia recover meaning your lungs clear better and your overall lung

function improves

•Following 1 year the risk of coronary disease is halved compared to continuing

smokers

After 5 years the risk of cancers of mouth ,throat,and oesophagus are halved

-Beyond 10years the risk of lung cancer is less than half that of a continuing

smoker

- After 15 years the risk of coronary heart disease is the same as a non-smoker

-Around 20 years your risk of age related macular degeneration is the same as

that of someone who has never smoked

Ref http://www.quitnow.gov.au/internet/quitnow/publishing.nsf/Content/quitting-

lp