risos vidal v comelec

7/25/2019 Risos Vidal v Comelec

1/21

Today is Wednesday, June 29, 2016

Alicia Risos-Vidal v. COMELEC and Joseph Ejercito Estrada,G.R. No. 206666, January 21, 2015cision,Leonardo-de Castro [J]!arate "!inion,#rion [J]ncurrin$ "!inion,%endo&a [J]sentin$ "!inion,Leonen [J]

Republic of the PhilippinesSUPREME COURT

Manila

EN !N"

R. No. 206666 January 21, 2015

TY. ALICIA RISOS-I!AL,Petitione#,"RE!O S. LIMPetitione#$%nte#&eno#,

MMISSION ON ELECTIONS an# JOSEP$ EJERCITO ESTRA!A,Respondents'

( E " % ) % * N

ONAR!O-!E CASTRO, J.:

o#e the "ou#t a#e +1 a Petition fo# "e#tio#a#i filed unde# Rule 6-, in #elation to Rule 6., both of the Re&ised Rules of "oy' !licia Risos$/idal +Risos$/idal, hich essentially p#ays fo# the issuance of the #it of ce#tio#a#i annullin and settin a!p#il 1, 2011and !p#il 2, 2012Resolutions of the "o33ission on Elections +"*ME4E", )econd (i&ision and En bapecti&ely, in )P! No' 1$211 +(", entitled 5!tty' !licia Risos$/idal &' Joseph Ee#cito Est#ada5 fo# ha&in been #ende#ed&e abuse of disc#etion a3ountin to lac7 o# e8cess of u#isdiction and +2 a Petition$in$%nte#&entionfiled by !lf#edo )' 4

3, he#ein he p#ays to be decla#ed the 201 innin candidate fo# Mayo# of the "ity of Manila in &ie of p#i&ate #espon3e# P#esident Joseph Ee#cito Est#ada:s +fo#3e# P#esident Est#ada dis;ualification to #un fo# and hold public office'

The , the )andianbayan con&icted fo#3e# P#esident Est#ada, a fo#3e# P#esident of the Republic of thippines, fo# the c#i3e of plunde# in "#i3inal "ase No' 26..?, entitled 5People of the Philippines &' Joseph Ee#cito Est#The dispositi&e pa#t of the #aft cou#t:s decision #eads=

ERE0?0, as a3ended' *n the othe# hand, fo# failu#e of the p#osecution to p#o&e and establish thei# uilt bey
http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.htmlhttp://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.htmlhttp://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_so_2015.htmlhttp://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_so_2015.htmlhttp://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_so_2015.html#mendozahttp://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_so_2015.html#mendozahttp://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_so_2015.html#leonenhttp://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt1http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt2http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt3http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_so_2015.htmlhttp://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_so_2015.html#mendozahttp://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_so_2015.html#leonenhttp://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt1http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt2http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt3http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html


2/21

sonable doubt, the "ou#t finds the accused Jose 5Jinoy5 Est#ada and !tty' Eda#d )' )e#apio N*T AB%4TC of the c#nde#, and acco#dinly, the "ou#t he#eby o#de#s thei# !"B%TT!4'

e penalty i3posable fo# the c#i3e of plunde# unde# Republic !ct No' >0?0, as a3ended by Republic !ct No' >6.9, isclusion Pe#petua to (eath' The#e bein no a#a&atin o# 3itiatin ci#cu3stances, hoe&e#, the lesse# penalty shall b

lied in acco#dance ith !#ticle 6 of the Re&ised Penal "ode' !cco#dinly, the accused 6.9, the "ou#t he#ebla#es the fo#feitu#e in fa&o# of the o&e#n3ent of the folloin=

+1 The total a3ount of , hoe&e#, fo#3e# P#esident Alo#ia Macapaal !##oyo +fo#3e# P#esident !##oyo e8tended e8ecuti&e3ency, by ay of pa#don, to fo#3e# P#esident Est#ada' The full te8t of said pa#don states=

M!4!"!I!N P!4!"EM!N%4!

the P#esident of the Philippines

P!R(*N

ERE!), this !d3inist#ation has a policy of #eleasin in3ates ho ha&e #eached the ae of se&enty +>0,

ERE!), Joseph Ee#cito Est#ada has been unde# detention fo# si8 and a half yea#s,

ERE!), Joseph Ee#cito Est#ada has publicly co33itted to no lone# see7 any electi&e position o# office,

/%EW @ERE*< and pu#suant to the autho#ity confe##ed upon 3e by the "onstitution, % he#eby #ant e8ecuti&e cle3enc)EP@ EJER"%T* E)TR!(!, con&icted by the )andianbayan of Plunde# and i3posed a penalty of Reclusion Pe#petu
http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt4http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt4


3/21

e#eby #esto#ed to his ci&il and political #ihts'

e fo#feitu#es i3posed by the )andianbayan #e3ain in fo#ce and in full, includin all #its and p#ocesses issued by thendianbayan in pu#suance he#eof, e8cept fo# the ban7 account+s he oned befo#e his tenu#e as P#esident'

on acceptance of this pa#don by J*)EP@ EJER"%T* E)TR!(!, this pa#don shall ta7e effect'

en unde# 3y hand at the "ity of Manila, this 2.th (ay of *ctobe#, in the yea# of *u# 4o#d, to thousand and se&en'

#ia M' !##oyo +sd'

the P#esident=

N!"%* R' BNCE +sd'n E8ecuti&e )ec#eta#y.

*ctobe# 26, 200>, at =. p'3', fo#3e# P#esident Est#ada 5#ecei&ed and accepted56the pa#don by affi8in his sinatu#ehand#itten notation the#eon'

No&e3be# 0, 2009, fo#3e# P#esident Est#ada filed a "e#tificate of "andidacy>fo# the position of P#esident' (u#in thatcandidacy ea#ned th#ee oppositions in the "*ME4E"= +1 )P! No' 09$02- +(", a 5Petition to (eny (ue "ou#se and "tificate of "andidacy5 filed by Re&' Elly /eleD ' 4ao Pa3aton, E) +2 )P! No' 09$02? +(", a petition fo# 5(is;uali

P#esidential "andidate5 filed by E&ilio "' Po#3ento +Po#3ento and + )P! No' 09$10- +(", a 5Petition to (is;ualify #cito, Joseph M'f#o3 Runnin as P#esident due to "onstitutional (is;ualification and "#eatin "onfusion to the P#eudic#ada, Ma#y 4ou 5 filed by Ma#y 4ou Est#ada' %n sepa#ate Resolutions?dated Janua#y 20, 2010 by the "*ME4E", )ecosion, hoe&e#, all th#ee petitions e#e effecti&ely dis3issed on the unifo#3 #ounds that +i the "onstitutional p#osc#iptiection applies to a sittin p#esident and +ii the pa#don #anted to fo#3e# P#esident Est#ada by fo#3e# P#esident !##oyoto#ed the fo#3e#:s #iht to &ote and be &oted fo# a public office' The subse;uent 3otions fo# #econside#ation the#eto eied by the "*ME4E" En banc'

e# the conduct of the May 10, 2010 synch#oniDed elections, hoe&e#, fo#3e# P#esident Est#ada only 3anaed to a#ne#ond hihest nu3be# of &otes'

he th#ee petitione#s abo&e$3entioned, only Po#3ento souht #ecou#se to this "ou#t and filed a petition fo# ce#tio#a#i, hs doc7eted as A'R' No' 1919??, entitled 5!tty' E&ilio "' Po#3ento &' Joseph ER!P: Ee#cito Est#ada and "o33ission octions'5 ut in a Resolution9dated !uust 1, 2010, the "ou#t dis3issed the afo#e3entioned petition on the #ound ofotness conside#in that fo#3e# P#esident Est#ada lost his p#esidential bid'

*ctobe# 2, 2012, fo#3e# P#esident Est#ada once 3o#e &entu#ed into the political a#ena, and filed a "e#tificate ofndidacy,10this ti3e &yin fo# a local electi&e post, that ofthe Mayo# of the "ity of Manila'

Janua#y 2-, 201, Risos$/idal, the petitione# in this case, filed a Petition fo# (is;ualification aainst fo#3e# P#esident Eo#e the "*ME4E"' The petit ion as doc7eted as )P! No' 1$211 +("' Risos /idal ancho#ed he# petition on the theo#o#3e# P#esident Est#adaG is (is;ualified to Run fo# Public *ffice because of his "on&iction fo# Plunde# by the )andian"#i3inal "ase No' 26..? entitled People of the Philippines &s' Joseph Ee#cito Est#ada: )entencin @i3 to )uffe# the PReclusion Pe#petuaith Pe#petual !bsolute (is;ualification'511)he #elied on )ection -0 of the 4ocal Ao&e#n3ent "ode +elation to )ection 12 of the *3nibus Election "ode +*E", hich state #especti&ely, that=

c' -0, 4ocal Ao&e#n3ent "ode=
http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt5http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt6http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt6http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt7http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt7http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt8http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt9http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt10http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt10http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt11http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt5http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt6http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt7http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt8http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt9http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt10http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt11


4/21

"T%*N -0' (is;ualifications'$ The folloin pe#sons a#e dis;ualified f#o3 #unnin fo# any electi&e local position=

+a Those sentenced by final ud3ent fo# an offense in&ol&in 3o#al tu#pitude o# fo# an offense punishableone +1 yea# o# 3o#e of i3p#ison3ent, ithin to +2 yea#s afte# se#&in sentence +b Those #e3o&ed f#o3as a #esult of an ad3inist#ati&e case

+c Those con&icted by final ud3ent fo# &iolatin the oath of alleiance to the Republic

+d Those ith dual citiDenship

+e


5/21

"*N/%"TE( *< P4BN(ER, !N *

&otes obtained by the latte# should be decla#ed st#ay, and, bein the second place# ith 1,>6- &otes to his na3e, heuld be decla#ed the #ihtful innin candidate fo# the position of Mayo# of the "ity of Manila'

The %ssue

ouh #aisin fi&e see3inly sepa#ate issues fo# #esolution, the petition filed by Risos$/idal actually p#esents only one esstion fo# #esolution by the "ou#t, that is, hethe# o# not the "*ME4E" co33itted #a&e abuse of disc#etion a3ountin

e8cess of u#isdiction in #ulin that fo#3e# P#esident Est#ada is ;ualified to &ote and be &oted fo# in public office as a #espa#don #anted to hi3 by fo#3e# P#esident !##oyo'

e# petition, Risos$/idal sta#ts he# discussion by pointin out that the pa#don #anted to fo#3e# P#esident Est#ada asditional as e&idenced by the latte#:s e8p#ess acceptance the#eof' The 5acceptance,5 she clai3s, is an indication of theditional natu#eof the pa#don, ith the condition bein e3bodied in the thi#d Whe#eas "lause of the pa#don, i'e', 5W@EReph Ee#cito Est#ada has publicly co33itted to no lone# see7 any electi&e position o# office'5 )he e8plains that the#e3entioned co33it3ent as hat i3pelled fo#3e# P#esident !##oyo to pa#don fo#3e# P#esident Est#ada, ithout it, th3ency ould not ha&e been e8tended' !nd any b#each the#eof, that is, henfo#3e# P#esident Est#ada filed his "e#tificandidacy fo# P#esident and Mayo# of the "ity of Manila, he b#eached the condition of the pa#don hence, 5he ouht to beo33itted to p#ison to se#&e the une8pi#ed po#tion of his sentence 8 8 8 and dis;ualifies hi3 as a candidate fo# the 3ayositionG of Manila'516

netheless, Risos$/idal cla#ifies that the funda3ental basis upon hich fo#3e# P#esident Est#ada 3ustbe dis;ualified f#onin fo# and holdin public electi&e office is actually the p#osc#iption found in )ection -0 of the 4A", in #elation to )ectioe *E"' )he a#ues that the c#i3e of plunde# is both an offense punishable by i3p#ison3ent of one yea# o# 3o#e and
http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt14http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt15http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt16http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt14http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt15http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt16


6/21

ol&in 3o#al tu#pitude such that fo#3e# P#esident Est#ada 3ust be dis;ualified to #un fo# and hold public electi&e office'

en ith the pa#don #anted to fo#3e# P#esident Est#ada, hoe&e#, Risos$/idal insists that the sa3e did not ope#ate to 3ilable to fo#3e# P#esident Est#ada the e8ception p#o&ided unde# )ection 12 of the *E", the pa#don bein 3e#ely condi not absolute o# plena#y' Mo#eo&e#, Risos$/idal puts a p#e3iu3 on the ostensible #e;ui#e3ents p#o&ided unde# !#ticles

-1 of the Re&ised Penal "ode, to it=

T' 6' Pa#don its effects' ! pa#don shall not o#7 the #esto#ation of the #iht to hold publicoffice, o# the #iht of suff#aess such #ihts be e8p#essly #esto#ed by the te#3s of the pa#don'

a#don shall in no case e8e3pt the culp#it f#o3 the pay3ent of the ci&il inde3nity i3posed upon hi3 by the sentence'

8 8 8 8

T' -1' Reclusion pe#petua and #eclusion te3po#al Thei# accesso#y penalties' The penalties of #eclusion pe#petua andusion te3po#al shall ca##y ith the3 that of ci&il inte#diction fo# life o# du#in the pe#iod of the sentence as the case 3a that of pe#petual absolute dis;ualification hich the offende# shall suffe# e&en thouh pa#doned as to the p#incipal pen

ess the sa3e shall ha&e been e8p#essly #e3itted in the pa#don' +E3phases supplied'

e a&e#s that in &ie of the fo#eoin p#o&isions of la, it is not enouh that a pa#don 3a7es a ene#al state3ent that sudon ca##ies ith it the #esto#ation of ci&il and political #ihts' y &i#tue of !#ticles 6 and -1, a pa#don #esto#in ci&il andtical #ihts ithout cateo#ically 3a7in 3ention hat specific ci&il and political #ihts a#e #esto#ed 5shall not o#7 to #es#iht to hold public office, o# the #iht of suff#ae no# shall it #e3it the accesso#y penalties of ci&il inte#diction and pe#peolute dis;ualification fo# the p#incipal penalties of #eclusion pe#petua and #eclusion te3po#al'51>%n othe# o#ds, she consabo&e const#aints as 3andato#y #e;ui#e3ents that shun a ene#al o# i3plied #esto#ation of ci&il and political #ihts in pa

os$/idal cites the concu##in opinions of !ssociate Justices Teodo#o R' Padilla and


7/21

A asse#ts that 5an ai#tiht and #iid inte#p#etation of !#ticle 6 and !#ticle -1 of the FRP"G 8 8 8 ould be st#etchin too clea# and plain 3eanin of the afo#esaid p#o&isions'5224astly, ta7in into conside#ation the thi#d Whe#eas "lause of thedon #anted to fo#3e# P#esident Est#ada, the *)A suppo#ts the position that it 5is not an inte#al pa#t of the dec#ee of tdon and cannot the#efo#e se#&e to #est#ict its effecti&ity'52

s, the *)A concludes that the 5"*ME4E" did not co33it #a&e abuse of disc#etion a3ountin to lac7 o# e8cess ofsdiction in issuin the assailed Resolutions'52-

his pa#t, fo#3e# P#esident Est#ada p#esents the folloin sinificant a#u3ents to defend his stay in office= that 5the facins of public #espondent "*ME4E", the "onstitutional body 3andated to ad3iniste# and enfo#ce all las #elati&e to tduct of the elections, F#elati&e to the absoluteness of the pa#don, the effects the#eof, and the eliibility of fo#3e# P#eside#ada to see7 public electi&e officeG a#e bindin Fand conclusi&eG on this @ono#able )up#e3e "ou#t5 that he 5as #anteolute pa#don and the#eby #esto#ed to his full ci&il and political #ihts, includin the #iht to see7 public electi&e office suc3ayo#al +sic position in the "ity of Manila5 that 5the 3ao#ity decision in the case of )al&acion !' Monsanto &'


8/21

e pa#donin poe# of the P#esident cannot be li3ited by leislati&e action'

e 19?> "onstitution, specifically )ection 19 of !#ticle /%% and )ection . of !#ticle %L$", p#o&ides that the P#esident of theippines possesses the poe# to #ant pa#dons, alon ith othe# acts of e8ecuti&e cle3ency, to it=

ction 19' E8cept in cases of i3peach3ent, o# as othe#ise p#o&ided in this "onstitution, the P#esident 3ay #ant #ep#ie&33utations, and pa#dons, and #e3it fines and fo#feitu#es, afte# con&iction by final ud3ent'

shall also ha&e the poe# to #ant a3nesty ith the concu##ence of a 3ao#ity of all the Me3be#s of the "on#ess'

8 8 8 8

ction .' No pa#don, a3nesty, pa#ole, o# suspension of sentence fo# &iolation of election las, #ules, and #eulations shanted by the P#esident ithout the fa&o#able #eco33endation of the "o33ission'

appa#ent f#o3 the fo#eoin constitutional p#o&isions that the only instances in hich the P#esident 3ay not e8tend pa3ain to be in= +1 i3peach3ent cases +2 cases that ha&e not yet #esulted in a final con&iction and + cases in&ol&in

ations of election las, #ules and #eulations in hich the#e as no fa&o#able #eco33endation co3in f#o3 the "*MEe#efo#e, it can be a#ued that any act of "on#ess by ay of statute cannot ope#ate to deli3it the pa#donin poe# of thsident'

"#istobal &' 4ab#ado#2>and Pelobello &' Palatino,2?hich e#e decided unde# the 19. "onstitution,he#ein the p#o&isionntin pa#donin poe# to the P#esident sha#ed si3ila# ph#aseoloy ith hat is found in the p#esent 19?> "onstitution, u#t then une;ui&ocally decla#ed that 5subect to the li3itations i3posed by the "onstitution, the pa#donin poe# cannott#icted o# cont#olled by leislati&e action'5 The "ou#t #eite#ated this p#onounce3ent in Monsanto &'


9/21

' REA!4!(*' Mada3 P#esident,3ay the "o33ittee #eact to thatQ

E PRE)%(ENT' Ces, please'

' REA!4!(*' This as inse#ted he#e on the #esolution of "o33issione# (a&ide because of the fact that si3ila# to the&isions on the "o33ission on Elections, the #eco33endation of that "o33ission is #e;ui#ed befo#e e8ecuti&e cle3encanted because &iolations of the election las o into the &e#y political life of the count#y'

h #espect to &iolations of ou# "o##upt P#actices 4a, e felt that it is also necessa#y to ha&e that subected to the sa3edition because &iolation of ou# "o##upt P#actices 4a 3ay be of such 3anitude as to affect the &e#y econo3ic syste3nt#y' Ne&e#theless, as a co3p#o3ise, e p#o&ided he#e that it ill be the "on#ess that ill p#o&ide fo# the classificatioch con&ictions ill still #e;ui#e p#io# #eco33endation afte# all, the "on#ess could ta7e into account hethe# o# not theation of the "o##upt P#actices 4a is of such 3anitude as to affect the econo3ic life of the count#y, if it is in the 3illionons of dolla#s' ut % assu3e the "on#ess in its collecti&e isdo3 ill e8clude those petty c#i3es of co##uption as not toui#e any fu#the# st#ictu#e on the e8e#cise of e8ecuti&e cle3ency because, of cou#se, the#e is a hale of a diffe#ence if side# a loly cle#7 co33ittin 3al&e#sation of o&e#n3ent p#ope#ty o# funds in&ol&in one hund#ed pesos' ut then, ecipate the possibility that the co##upt p#actice of a public office# is of such 3anitude as to ha&e &i#tually d#ained a subs

tion of the t#easu#y, and then he oes th#ouh all the udicial p#ocesses and late# on, a P#esident ho 3ay ha&e closenections ith hi3 o# out of i3p#o&ident co3passion 3ay #ant cle3ency unde# such conditions' That is hy e left it ton#ess to p#o&ide and 3a7e a classification based on substantial distinctions beteen a 3ino# act of co##uption o# an acstantial p#opo#tions' )R' T!N' )o, hy do e not ust inse#t the o#d AR*)) o# AR!/E befo#e the o#d 5&iolations5Q

' REA!4!(*' We feel that "on#ess can 3a7e a bette# distinction because 5AR!/E5 o# 5AR*))5 can be 3isconst#utin it pu#ely as a policy'

' R*(R%A*' Mada3 P#esident'

E PRE)%(ENT' "o33issione# Rod#io is #econiDed'

' R*(R%A*' May % spea7 in fa&o# of the p#oposed a3end3entQ

E PRE)%(ENT' Please p#oceed'

' R*(R%A*' The poe# to #ant e8ecuti&e cle3ency is essentially an e8ecuti&e poe#, and that is p#ecisely hy it is ccuti&e cle3ency' %n this sentence, hich the a3end3ent see7s to delete, an e8ception is bein 3ade' "on#ess, hicslati&e a#3, is alloed to int#ude into this p#e#oati&e of the e8ecuti&e' Then it li3its the poe# of "on#ess to subt#act p#e#oati&e of the P#esident to #ant e8ecuti&e cle3ency by li3itin the poe# of "on#ess to only co##upt p#actices la

e#e a#e 3any othe# c#i3es 3o#e se#ious than these' Bnde# this a3end3ent, "on#ess cannot li3it the poe# of e8ecut3ency in cases of d#u addiction and d#u pushin hich a#e &e#y, &e#y se#ious c#i3es that can endane# the )tate ale ith 3u#de#, 7idnappin and t#eason' !side f#o3 the fact that it is a de#oation of the poe# of the P#esident to #antcuti&e cle3ency, it is also defecti&e in that it sinles out ust one 7ind of c#i3e' The#e a#e fa# 3o#e se#ious c#i3es hic

included'

' REA!4!(*' % ill ust 3a7e one obse#&ation on that' We ad3it that the pa#donin poe# is ane8ecuti&e poe#' ut ep#o&isions on the "*ME4E", one ill notice that constitutionally, it is #e;ui#ed that the#e be a fa&o#able #eco33endati"o33ission on Elections fo# any &iolation of election las'

any #ate, "o33issione# (a&ide, as the p#incipal p#oponent of that and as a 3e3be# of the "o33ittee, has e8plained in33ittee 3eetins e had hy he souht the inclusion of this pa#ticula# p#o&ision' May e call on "o33issione# (a&ide


10/21

e his position'

' (!/%(E' Mada3 P#esident'

E PRE)%(ENT' "o33issione# (a&ide is #econiDed'

' (!/%(E' % a3 const#ained to #ise to obect to the p#oposal' We ha&e ust app#o&ed the !#ticle on !ccountability of Pubce#s' Bnde# it, it is 3andated that a public office is a public t#ust, and all o&e#n3ent office#s a#e unde# obliation to obut3ost of #esponsibility, inte#ity, loyalty and efficiency, to lead 3odest li&es and to act ith pat#iotis3 and ustice'

ll cases, the#efo#e, hich ould o into the &e#yco#e of the concept that a public office is a public t#ust, the &iolation is ation not only of the econo3y but the 3o#al fab#ic of public officials' !nd that is the #eason e no ant that if the#e is &iction fo# the &iolation of the !nti$A#aft and "o##upt P#actices !ct, hich, in effect, is a &iolation of the public t#ust cha#public office, no pa#don shall be e8tended to the offende#, unless so3e li3itations a#e i3posed'

inally, 3y li3itation as, it should be ith the concu##ence of the con&ictin cou#t, but the "o33ittee left it enti#ely to tslatu#e to fo#3ulate the 3echanics at t#yin, p#obably, to distinuish beteen #a&e and less #a&e o# se#ious cases of

ation of the !nti$A#aft and "o##upt P#actices !ct' Pe#haps this is no the best ti3e, since e ha&e st#enthened the !#countability of Public *ffice#s, to acco3pany it ith a 3andate that the P#esident:s #iht to #ant e8ecuti&e cle3ency fo#nde#s o# &iolato#s of las #elatin to the concept of a public office 3ay be li3ited by "on#ess itself'

' )!RM%ENT*' Mada3 P#esident'

E PRE)%(ENT' "o33issione# )a#3iento is #econiDed'

' )!RM%ENT*' May % b#iefly spea7 in fa&o# of the a3end3ent by deletion'

da3 P#esident, o&e# and o&e# aain, e ha&e been sayin and a#uin befo#e this "onstitutional "o33ission that e aasculatin the poe#s of the p#esidency, and this p#o&ision to 3e is anothe# clea# e8a3ple of that' )o, % spea7 aainst t

&ision' E&en the 19. and the 19> "onstitutions do not p#o&ide fo# this 7ind of p#o&ision'

3 suppo#tin the a3end3ent by deletion of "o33issione# Tan'

' R*MB4*' "o33issione# Tinson ould li7e to be #econiDed'

E PRE)%(ENT' "o33issione# Tinson is #econiDed'

' T%NA)*N' Mada3 P#esident, % a3 also in fa&o# of the a3end3ent by deletion because % a3 in sy3pathy ith the sta33issione#


11/21

' "*4!C"*' Than7 you &e#y 3uch, Mada3 P#esident'

ldo3 #ise he#e to obect to o# to co33end o# to #eco33end the app#o&al of p#oposals, but no % find that the p#oposal 33issione# Tan is o#thy of app#o&al of this body'

y a#e e sinlin out this pa#ticula# offenseQ The#e a#e othe# c#i3es hich cast a bie# blot on the 3o#al cha#acte# of lic officials'

ally, this body should not be the fi#st one to li3it the al3ost absolute poe# of ou# "hief E8ecuti&e in decidin hethe# tdon, to #ep#ie&e o# to co33ute the sentence #ende#ed by the cou#t'

an7 you'

E PRE)%(ENT' !#e e #eady to &ote noQ

' R*MB4*' "o33issione# Padilla ould li7e to be #econiDed, and afte# hi3 ill be "o33issione# Nati&idad'

E PRE)%(ENT' "o33issione# Padilla is #econiDed'

' P!(%44!' *nly one sentence, Mada3 P#esident' The )andianbayan has been called the !nti$A#aft "ou#t, so if this ed to stay, it ould 3ean that the P#esident:s poe# to#ant pa#don o# #ep#ie&e ill be li3ited to the cases decided byi$A#aft "ou#t, hen as al#eady stated, the#e a#e 3any p#o&isions inthe Re&ised Penal "ode that penaliDe 3o#e se#iousnses'

#eo&e#, hen the#e is a ud3ent of con&iction and the case 3e#its the conside#ation of the e8e#cise of e8ecuti&e cle3eally unde# !#ticle / of the Re&ised Penal "ode the ude ill #eco33end such e8e#cise of cle3ency' !nd so, % a3 in faa3end3ent p#oposed by "o33issione# Tan fo# the deletion of this last sentence in )ection 1>'

E PRE)%(ENT' !#e e #eady to &ote no, M#'


12/21

T%NA

E PRE)%(ENT' !s 3any as a#e in fa&o# of the p#oposed a3end3ent of "o33issione# Tan to delete the last sentence ction 1> appea#in on lines >, ? and 9, please #aise thei# hand' +)e&e#al Me3be#s #aised thei# hand'

3any as a#e aainst, please #aise thei# hand' +


13/21

donin poe#' Pa#ticula#ly, he states=

cles 6 and -1 #efe# only to #e;ui#e3ents of con&ention o# fo#3' They only p#o&ide a p#ocedu#al p#esc#iption' They a#e ce#ned ith a#eas he#e o# the instances hen the P#esident 3ay #ant pa#don they a#e only conce#ned ith ho he

o e8e#cise such poe# so that no othe# o&e#n3ental inst#u3entality needs to inte#&ene to i&e it full effect'

that !#ticles 6 and -1 do is p#esc#ibe that, if the P#esident ishes to include in the pa#don the #esto#ation of the #ihts f#ae and to hold public office, o# the #e3ission of the accesso#y penalty of pe#petual absolute dis;ualification,he o# sheuld do so e8p#essly' !#ticles 6 and -1 only as7 that the P#esident state his o# he# intentions clea#ly, di#ectly, fi#3ly, p#e un3ista7ably' To belabo# the point, the P#esident #etains the poe# to 3a7e such #esto#ation o# #e3ission, subect to asc#iption on the 3anne# by hich he o# she is to state it'2

h due #espect, % disa#ee ith the o&e#b#oad state3ent that "on#ess 3ay dictate as to ho the P#esident 3ay e8e#cishe# poe# of e8ecuti&e cle3ency' The fo#3 o# 3anne# by hich the P#esident, o# "on#ess fo# that 3atte#, should e8e# #especti&e "onstitutional poe#s o# p#e#oati&es cannot be inte#fe#ed ith unless it is so p#o&ided in the "onstitution'essence of the p#inciple of sepa#ation of poe#s deeply in#ained in ou# syste3 of o&e#n3ent hich 5o#dains that eacth#ee #eat b#anches of o&e#n3ent has e8clusi&e coniDance of and is sup#e3e in 3atte#s fallin ithin its on

stitutionally allocated sphe#e'5

Mo#eso, this funda3ental p#inciple 3ust be obse#&ed if nonco3pliance ith the fo#3 i3one b#anch on a co$e;ual and coo#dinate b#anch ill #esult into the di3inution of an e8clusi&e "onstitutional p#e#oati&e

this #eason, !#ticles 6 and -1 of the Re&ised Penal "ode should be const#ued in a ay that ill i&e full effect to thecuti&e cle3ency #anted by the P#esident, instead of indulin in an o&e#ly st#ict inte#p#etation that 3ay se#&e to i3pai#inish the i3po#t of the pa#don hich e3anated f#o3 the *ffice of the P#esident and duly sined by the "hief E8ecuti&eselfhe#self' The said codal p#o&isions 3ust be const#ued to ha#3oniDe the poe# of "on#ess to define c#i3es and p#epenalties fo# such c#i3es and the poe# of the P#esident to #ant e8ecuti&e cle3ency' !ll that the said p#o&isions i3pa

t the pa#don of the p#incipal penalty does notca##y ith it the #e3ission of the accesso#y penalties unless the P#esident#essly includes said accesso#y penalties in the pa#don' %t still #econiDes the P#esidential p#e#oati&e to #ant e8ecuti&e

3ency and, specifically, to decide to pa#don the p#incipal penalty hile e8cludin its accesso#y penalties o# to pa#don bs, !#ticles 6 and -1 only cla#ify the effect of the pa#don so decided upon by the P#esident on the penalties i3posedino#dance ith la'

ose sc#utiny of the te8t of the pa#don e8tended to fo#3e# P#esident Est#ada shos that both the p#incipal penalty of #ecpetua and its accesso#y penalties a#e included in the pa#don' The fi#st sentence #efe#s to the e8ecuti&e cle3ency e8ten3e# P#esident Est#ada ho as con&icted by the )andianbayan of plunde# and i3posed a penalty of #eclusion pe#petue# is the p#incipal penalty pa#doned hich #elie&ed hi3 of i3p#ison3ent' The sentence that folloed, hich states that 5eby #esto#ed to his ci&il and political #ihts,5 e8p#essly #e3itted the accesso#y penalties that attached to the p#incipal peusion pe#petua' @ence, e&en if e apply !#ticles 6 and -1 of the Re&ised Penal "ode, it is indubitable f#o3 the te8tof don that the accesso#y penalties of ci&il inte#diction and pe#petual absolute dis;ualification e#e e8p#essly #e3itted toh the p#incipal penalty of #eclusion pe#petua'

his u#isdiction, the #iht tosee7 public electi&e office is #econiDed by la as fallin unde# the hole a3ut of ci&il and pts'

ction . of Republic !ct No' 922.,-othe#ise 7non as the 5"itiDenship Retention and Reac;uisition !ct of 200,5 #eadsos=

ction .' "i&il and Political Rihts and 4iabilities' Those ho #etain o# #eac;ui#e Philippine citiDenship unde# this !ct shaci&il and political #ihts and be subect to all attendant liabilities and #esponsibilities unde# e8istin las of the Philippinefolloin conditions= +1 Those intendin to e8e#cise thei# #iht of suff#ae 3ust 3eet the #e;ui#e3ents unde# )ection 1cle / of the "onstitution, Republic !ct No' 91?9, othe#ise 7non as 5The *&e#seas !bsentee /otin !ct of 2005 and
http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt32http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt33http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt34http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt32http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt33http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#fnt34


14/21

stin las

+2 Those see7in electi&e public office in the Philippines shall 3eet the ;ualifications fo# holdin such puboffice as #e;ui#ed by the "onstitution and e8istin las and, at the ti3e of the filin of the ce#tificate of cand3a7e a pe#sonal and so#n #enunciation of any and all fo#ein citiDenship befo#e any public office# autho#iD

ad3iniste# an oath

+ Those appointed to any public office shall subsc#ibe and sea# an oath of alleiance to the Republic of Philippines and its duly constituted autho#ities p#io# to thei# assu3ption of office= P#o&ided, That they #enouthei# oath of alleiance to the count#y he#e they too7 that oath +- Those intendin to p#actice thei# p#ofesthe Philippines shall apply ith the p#ope# autho#ity fo# a license o# pe#3it to enae in such p#actice and

+. That #iht to &ote o# be elected o# appointed to any public office in the Philippines cannot be e8e#cised be8tended to, those ho=

+a a#e candidates fo# o# a#e occupyin any public office in the count#y of hich theya#e natu#aliDedcitiDens ando#

+b a#e in acti&e se#&ice as co33issioned o# non co33issioned office#s in the a#3ed fo#ces of the hich they a#e natu#aliDed citiDens' +E3phases supplied'

less than the %nte#national "o&enant on "i&il and Political Rihts, to hich the Philippines is a sinato#y, ac7noledesstence of said #iht' !#ticle 2.+b of the "on&ention states= !#ticle 2.

e#y citiDen shall ha&e the #iht and the oppo#tunity, ithout any of the distinctions 3entioned in !#ticle 2 and ithouteasonable #est#ictions=

8 8 8 8

To &ote and to be electedat enuine pe#iodic elections hich shall be by uni&e#sal and e;ual suff#ae and shall be held#et ballot, ua#anteein the f#ee e8p#ession of the ill of the electo#sF'G +E3phasis supplied'

cently, in )obeana$"ondon &' "o33ission on Elections,.the "ou#t une;ui&ocally #efe##ed to the #iht to see7 public elece as a political #iht, to it=

ted diffe#ently, it is an additional ;ualification fo# electi&e office specific only to


15/21

p#inciple that the e8e#cise of p#esidential pa#don cannot be affected by leislati&e action'

os$/idal #elied hea&ily on the sepa#ate concu##in opinions in Monsanto &'


16/21

plied'

e thi#d p#ea3bula# clause of the pa#don did not ope#ate to 3a7e the pa#don conditional'

nt#a#y to Risos$/idal:s decla#ation, the thi#d p#ea3bula# clause of the pa#don, i'e', 5FGhe#eas, Joseph Ee#cito Est#ada hlicly co33itted to no lone# see7 any electi&e position o# office,5 neithe# 3a7es the pa#don conditional, no# 3ilitate aaconclusion that fo#3e# P#esident Est#ada:s #ihts to suff#ae and to see7 public electi&e office ha&e been #esto#ed'

s is especially t#ue as the pa#don itself does not e8plicitly i3pose a condition o# li3itation, conside#in the un;ualified ute#3 5ci&il and political #ihts5as bein #esto#ed' Ju#isp#udence educates that a p#ea3ble is not an essential pa#t of an an int#oducto#y o# p#epa#ato#y clause that e8plains the #easons fo# the enact3ent, usually int#oduced by the o#de#eas'5-0Whe#eas clauses do not fo#3 pa#t of a statute because, st#ictly spea7in, they a#e not pa#t of the ope#ati&e lanhe statute'-1%n this case, the he#eas clause at issue is not an inte#al pa#t of the dec#ee of the pa#don, and the#efo#e, by itself alone ope#ate to 3a7e the pa#don conditional o# to 3a7e its effecti&ity continent upon the fulfil3ent of the

#e3entioned co33it3ent no# to li3it the scope of the pa#don'

this 3atte#, the "ou#t ;uotes ith app#o&al a #ele&ant e8ce#pt of "*ME4E" "o33issione# Ma#ia A#acia Padaca:s sep

cu##in opinion in the assailed !p#il 1, 201 Resolution of the "*ME4E" in )P! No' 1$211 +(", hich captu#ed theence of the leal effect of p#ea3bula# pa#a#aphshe#eas clauses, &iD=

e p#esent dispute does not #aise anythin hich the 20 Janua#y 2010 Resolution did not conclude upon' @e#e, Petitioneos$/idal #aised the sa3e a#u3ent ith #espect to the #d 5he#eas clause5 o# p#ea3bula# pa#a#aph of the dec#ee ofdon' %t states that 5Joseph Ee#cito Est#ada has publicly co33itted to no lone# see7 any electi&e position o# office'5 *ntention, the unde#sined #eite#ates the #ulin of the "o33ission that the #d p#ea3bula# pa#a#aph does not ha&e any

bindin effect on the absolute natu#e of the pa#don e8tended by fo#3e# P#esident !##oyo to he#ein Respondent' This #ulsistent ith the t#aditional and custo3a#y usae of p#ea3bula# pa#a#aphs' %n the case of Echea#ay &' )ec#eta#y of Ju)up#e3e "ou#t #uled on the leal effect of p#ea3bula# pa#a#aphs o# he#eas clauses on statutes' The "ou#t stated, &

sides, a p#ea3ble is #eally not an inte#al pa#t of a la' %t is 3e#ely an int#oduction to sho its intent o# pu#poses' %t can

o#iin of #ihts and obliations' Whe#e the 3eanin of a statute is clea# and una3biuous, the p#ea3ble can neithe# e8#est#ict its ope#ation 3uch less p#e&ail o&e# its te8t'

o#3e# P#esident !##oyo intended fo# the pa#don to be conditional on Respondent:s p#o3ise ne&e# to see7 a public officefo#3e# ouht to ha&e e8plicitly stated the sa3e in the te8t of the pa#don itself' )ince fo#3e# P#esident !##oyo did not 3an inte#al pa#t of the dec#ee of pa#don, the "o33ission is const#ained to #ule that the #d p#ea3bula# clause cannot #p#eted as a condition to the pa#don e8tended to fo#3e# P#esident Est#ada'-2+E3phasis supplied'

sent any cont#a#y e&idence, fo#3e# P#esident !##oyo:s silence on fo#3e# P#esident Est#ada:s decision to#un fo# P#esideny 2010 elections aainst, a3on othe#s, the candidate of the political pa#ty of fo#3e# P#esident !##oyo, afte# the latte#:s acceptance of the pa#don spea7s &olu3e of he# intention to #esto#e hi3 to his #ihts to suff#ae and to hold public offic

e#e the scope and i3po#t of the e8ecuti&e cle3ency e8tended by the P#esident is in issue, the "ou#t 3ust tu#n to the odence a&ailable to it, and that is the pa#don itself'


17/21

ultant effect of an e&entual inf#ine3ent' Just li7e it ill be ha#d put to dete#3ine hich ci&il o# political #ihts e#e #esto"ou#t e#e to ta7e the #oad suested by Risos$/idal that the state3ent 5FhGe is he#eby #esto#ed to his ci&il and politicats5 e8cludes the #esto#ation of fo#3e# P#esident Est#ada:s #ihts to suff#ae and to hold public office' The afo#e;uoted te e8ecuti&e cle3ency #anted does not p#o&ide the "ou#t ith any uide asto ho and he#e to d#a the line beteenuded and e8cluded political #ihts'

tice 4eonen e3phasiDes the point that the ulti3ate issue fo# #esolution is not hethe# the pa#don is continent on thedition that fo#3e# P#esident Est#ada ill not see7 anothe# electi&e public office, but it actually conce#ns the co&e#ae odon hethe# the pa#don #anted to fo#3e# P#esident Est#ada as so e8pansi&e as to ha&e #esto#ed all his political #iusi&e of the #ihts of suff#ae and to hold public office' Justice 4eonen is of the &ie that the pa#don in ;uestion is notolute no# plena#y in scope despite the state3ent that fo#3e# P#esident Est#ada is 5he#eby #esto#ed to his ci&il and politits,5 that is, the fo#eoin state3ent #esto#ed to fo#3e# P#esident Est#ada all his ci&il and political #ihts e8cept the #ihtied to hi3 by the un#e3itted penalty of pe#petual absolute dis;ualification 3ade up of, a3on othe#s, the #ihts of suff# to hold public office' @e adds that had the P#esident chosen to be so e8pansi&e as to include the #ihts of suff#ae and

d public office, she should ha&e been 3o#e clea# on he# intentions'

e&e#, the state3ent 5FhGe is he#eby #esto#ed to his ci&il and political #ihts,5 to the 3ind of the "ou#t, isc#ystal clea# th

don #anted to fo#3e# P#esident Est#ada as absolute, 3eanin, it as not only unconditional, it as un#est#icted in sc3plete and plena#y in cha#acte#, as the te#3 5political #ihts5ad&e#ted to has a settled 3eanin in la and u#isp#udence

h due #espect, % disa#ee too ith Justice 4eonen that the o3ission of the ;ualifyin o#d 5full5 can be const#ued as e8c#esto#ation of the #ihts of suff#ae and to hold public office' The#e appea#s to be no distinction as to the co&e#ae of thpolitical #ihts5 and the te#3 5political #ihts5 used alone ithout any ;ualification' @o to asc#ibe to the latte# te#3 the

anin that it is 5pa#tial5 and not 5full5 defies one:s unde#standin' Mo#e so, it ill be e8t#e3ely difficult to identify hich otical #ihts a#e #esto#ed by the pa#don, hen the te8t of the latte# is silent on this 3atte#' E8ceptions to the #ant of pa#dnot be p#esu3ed f#o3 the absence of the ;ualifyin o#d 5full5 hen the pa#don #esto#ed the 5political #ihts5 of fo#3e#sident Est#ada ithout any e8clusion o# #ese#&ation'

e#efo#e, the#e can be no othe# conclusion but to say that the pa#don #anted to fo#3e# P#esident Est#ada as absolute ience of a clea#, une;ui&ocal and conc#ete factual basis upon hich to ancho# o# suppo#t the P#esidential intent to #anted pa#don'

#eite#ate, insofa# as its co&e#aeis conce#ned, the te8t of the pa#don can ithstand close sc#utiny e&en unde# the p#o&iscles 6 and -1 of the Re&ised Penal "ode'

e "*ME4E" did not co33it #a&e abuse of disc#etion a3ountin to lac7 o# e8cess of u#isdiction in issuin the assailedsolutions'

ht of the fo#eoin, cont#a#y to the asse#tions of Risos$/idal, the "*ME4E" did not co33it #a&e abuse of disc#etionountin to lac7 o# e8cess of u#isdiction in issuin the assailed Resolutions'

e "ou#t has consistently held that a petition fo# ce#tio#a#iaainst actions of the "*ME4E" is confined only to instances o&e abuse of disc#etion a3ountin to patentand substantial denial of due p#ocess, because the "*ME4E" is p#esu3edst co3petent in 3atte#s fallin ithin its do3ain'-

settled in u#isp#udence, #a&e abuse of disc#etion is the a#bit#a#y e8e#cise of poe# due to passion, p#eudice o# pe#sontility o# the hi3sical, a#bit#a#y, o# cap#icious e8e#cise of poe# that a3ounts to an e&asion o# #efusal to pe#fo#3 a posy enoined by la o# to act at all in conte3plation of la'


18/21

e a#u3ents fo#a#ded by Risos$/idal fail to ade;uately de3onst#ate any factual o# leal bases to p#o&e that the assailME4E" Resolutions e#e issued in a 5hi3sical, a#bit#a#y o# cap#icious e8e#cise of poe# that a3ounts to an e&asionefusal to pe#fo#3 a positi&e duty enoined by la5 o# e#e so 5patent and #oss5 as to constitute #a&e abuse of disc#etio

the fo#eoin p#e3ises and conclusions, this "ou#t finds it unnecessa#y to sepa#ately discuss 4i3s petition$in$inte#&en

ch substantially p#esented the sa3e a#u3ents as Risos$/idals petition'

ERE


19/21

ef Justice

o(no()*

*n official lea&e '

No pa#t'

1Rollo +/ol' %, pp' 9$-6'

2%d' at -9$.0'

%d' at 9.$-1-'

-

%d' at 260$262'.%d' at 26.'

6%d'

>Rollo +/ol' %%, p' 61.'

?%d' at .09$. and .-$.>2'

9Po#3ento &' Est#ada, A'R' No' 1919??, !uust 1, 2010, 629 )"R! .0'

10Rollo +/ol' %, p' 266'

11%d' at 2>1'

12%d' at -'

1%d'

1-%d' at 10$11'

1.%d' at -?'

16%d' at 12$1.'

1>%d' at 2.'

1?2.2 Phil' 192, 20> +19?9'

19Rollo +/ol' %, p' 29'
http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt1http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt1http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt2http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt2http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt3http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt3http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt4http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt4http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt5http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt5http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt6http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt6http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt7http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt7http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt8http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt8http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt9http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt9http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt10http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt11http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt11http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt12http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt13http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt14http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt15http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt16http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt17http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt18http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt19http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt1http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt2http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt3http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt4http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt5http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt6http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt7http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt8http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt9http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt10http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt11http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt12http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt13http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt14http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt15http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt16http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt17http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt18http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt19


20/21

20Rollo +/ol' %%, p' -9?'

21%d' at -9?$-99'

22%d' at .02'

2%d' at .0'

2-%d' at .0.'

2.%d' at .?2$.96'

26%d' at 60>'

2>>1 Phil' -, ? +19-0'

2?

>2 Phil' --1, --2 +19-1'29)up#a note 1? at 202'

0Reco#ds of the "onstitutional "o33ission of 19?6 +/ol' %%, July 1, 19?6, pp' .2-$.26'

1Republic &' "a3acho, A'R' No' 1?.60-, June 1, 201, 69? )"R! ?0, 9?'

2(issentin *pinion +Justice Ma#&ic M'/' and 19.6, *ctobe# 9, 2012, 6? )"R! 1'

?"o33ission on Elections Resolution No' 9.2, Rule 2., )ection '

9Jalosos, J#' &' "o33ission on Elections, sup#a note > at 0$1'

-0People &' alasa, .6 Phil' 62, 96 +199?'

-14la3ado &' "ou#t of !ppeals, 2.6 Phil' 2?, 9 +19?9'

-2Rollo +/ol' %, p' -6'
http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt20http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt21http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt22http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt23http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt24http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt25http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt26http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt27http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt28http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt29http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt30http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt31http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt32http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt33http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt34http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt35http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt36http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt37http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt38http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt39http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt40http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt41http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt42http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt20http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt21http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt22http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt23http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt24http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt25http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt26http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt27http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt28http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt29http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt30http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt31http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt32http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt33http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt34http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt35http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt36http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt37http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt38http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt39http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt40http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt41http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_206666_2015.html#rnt42


21/21

-Na&al &' "o33ission on Elections, A'R' No' 20>?.1, July ?, 201-'

--@ayudini &' "o33ission on Elections, A'R' No' 20>900, !p#il 22, 201-'

e 4aphil P#oect $ !#ellano 4a

risos vidal v comelec

Documents