river systems
DESCRIPTION
River Systems. watershed. land from which water runs off into streams (drainage basin). Surf your watershed http://www.epa.gov/surf/. Know your watershed http://ctic.purdue.edu/kyw/kyw.html. tributaries. feeder streams that flow into a main river. divide. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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River Systems
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watershed•land from which water runs off into streams (drainage basin)
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Surf your watershed
http://www.epa.gov/surf/
Know your watershed
http://ctic.purdue.edu/kyw/kyw.html
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tributaries•feeder streams that flow into a main river
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divide•ridges or elevated regions of high ground that separate watersheds
headwaters•beginning of a stream
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Stream Erosion
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channel•the path that a stream follows
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bank
bed
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headward erosion
•process of lengthening and branching of a stream
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stream piracy•the capture of a stream in one watershed by a stream with a higher rate of erosion in another watershed
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Stage 1 - Beaverdam Creek, Gap Run, and Goose Creek flow eastward through the Blue Ridge and enter the Potomac.
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Stage 2 - As the land is eroded downward, the three east flowing creeks do not have the power to erode as far through the Blue Ridge as the Shenandoah, Potomac system. The Shenandoah extends itself southward by headward erosion through the relatively high land west of the Blue Ridge. It eventually captures Beaverdam Creek.
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Stage 3 - The capture of Beaverdam Creek added more discharge to the Shenandoah which was able to therefore erode more. Headward erosion leads to the capture of Gap Run. The water gaps where Beaverdam Creek and Gap Run used to flow through the Blue Ridge are left as wind gaps.
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Stage 4 - Eventually Goose Creek is captured as well. Snicker's Gap, Ashby Gap, and Manassas Gap are left as wind gaps. As the land on either side of the ridge is eroded down together with the ridge summit, the relative elevation of the wind gaps becomes higher and higher.
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channel erosion5 things that affect the rate
stream load:
material carried
by a stream
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dissolved load: mineral matter transported in liquid solution
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suspended load: particles of fine grains and silt
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bed load: made of larger, coarser sand, gravel, and pebbles
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Bed
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Observe how sediment is
transported by flowing water.
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discharge•volume of water moved by a stream within a given time
gradient•steepness of a stream slope
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water gap
•notch formed where the stream has eroded its channel
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Stream Valleys
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Youthful river•straight •erodes rapidly•V-shaped•few tributaries•has waterfalls and rapids
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Mature river
•meandering (winding)•slow erosion•U-shaped •lots of tributaries •holds lots of water
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Old river
•gradient and velocity decreases
•no more erosion•more meandering
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Observe changes in the channel of a
meandering river.
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rejuvenated river
•a river whose gradient increases due to movement in the Earth’s crust (form a step-like terrace) or velocity increases due to more water movement
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Stream Deposition
as the velocity of a stream decreases, it drops the sediment it was carrying
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Observe how sediments are
deposited.
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delta•underwater deposit of sediment at the mouth of a river or stream
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alluvial fan
•fan-shaped deposit at the base of a slope on land
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floodplain
•part of the valley floor that may be covered with water during a flood
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natural levee
•raised riverbank that results when a river deposits its load at the river’s edge
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Flood Control
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Artificial Levee – Earthen mounds built on the banks of a river
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Flood Control Dams – store floodwater and
let it out slowly
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