rizal's sojurn in paris
TRANSCRIPT
Rizal’s Second Sojourn in Paris
and the Universal Exposition of
1889
Universal Exposition (Exposition Universelle)
1889• World's Fair held in Paris, France• 100th Anniversary of the
"storming of the Bastille", an event traditionally considered as the symbol for the beginning of the French Revolution
Difficulty of Finding Quarters• For a short time, Rizal lived in the
house of his friend Valentin Ventura, at No. 45 Rue Maubeuge.
• He transferred his residence several times.
• Finally, he lived together with two other Filipinos – Capitan Justo Trinidad and Jose Albert.
Life in Paris• He used most of his time in..
- the reading room of the Bibliotheque Nationale- living quarters writing letters to his family and friends- the gymnasium for his daily physical exercises- visiting his friends
Three Filipino Societies Rizal Founded
• Kidlat Club- Among the members were Antonio and Juan Luna, Gregorio Aguilera, Fernando Canon, Lauro Dimayuga, Julio Llorente, Guillermo Puatu, and Baldomero Roxas- To bring together the young Filipinos in the French capital
Three Filipino Societies Rizal Founded
• Indios Bravos- It’s members pledged to excel in intellectual and physical prowess in order to win the admiration of the foreigners, particularly the Spaniards.- They practised with the great enthusiasm the use of the sword and pistol.- Rizal taught them judo.
Three Filipino Societies Rizal Founded
• R.D.I.M. Society - Redencion de los Malayos (Redemption of the Malays)- He only mentioned this secret society to:
*Jose Maria Basa *Marcelo H. del Pilar
- It was patterned after Freesmasonry
Three Filipino Societies Rizal Founded
- Only a few trusted friends of Rizal became members: Gregorio Aguilera, Jose Ma. Basa, Julio Llorente, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Mariano Ponce, Baldomero Roxas & Father Jose Maria Changco (Filipino priest)- The aim of it was “the propagation of all useful knowledge – scientific, artistic, literary, etc. – in the Philippines & the Redemption of the Malay Race”
Three Filipino Societies Rizal Founded
- Rizal’s writing to Blumentritt from Hongkong revealed his intention to be a leader of freedom, if not in the Philippines, then in other lands.- Provisions for Bornean colonization:*Right of the colonists to buy the lands
*Free use of the seashores*Unusual long term of lease for 999 years*“a period of time long enough for many generations to form a nation and to consolidate its status”
Annotated Edition of Morga Published
• Rizal’s outstanding achievement in Paris (1980)• He wrote in in the British Museum • It was printed by Garnier Freres• Professor Blumentritt – wrote the Prologue• Rizal’s errors:
- Appraising the events of the past in the light of present standards- Attacks on the church were unfair and unjustified because the abuses of the friars should not be construed to mean that Catholicism is bad
• Rizal published Morga’s Sucesos = best of the many histories of the Philippines written by the early Spanish writers
• Dedicated new edition of Morga to the Filipino people, to know their glorious past : TO THE FILIPINOS (p.159)- Proved that Filipinos were already civilized before the advent of Spain
Comment on Morga’s Publication Date
• “Paris, Libreria de Garnier Hermanos, 1890” – title page of Rizal’s annotated edition of Morga
• Documentary evidence to show that Rizal’s edition of Morga must have come off the press in 1889 – not 1890. 3 Letters: *October 12, 1889 – Blumentritt received the edition (Leitmeritz)*December 28, 1889 – Rizal sent copies to Dr. Baldomero Roxas from Paris to Lipa *December 31, 1889 – Mariano Ponce received the book
• Incontrovertible proofs that Morga’s Sucesos came off the press in 1889.
Rizal as Historian• Rizal’s research studies in the British Museum (London) and
in the Bibliotheque Nationale (Paris) enriched his historical knowledge
• His knowledge of foreign languages enabled Rizal to read historical documents:- Pigafetta’s famous “First Voyage Around the World “ (Italian)- Works of Marsden, Raffles, Lord Stanley, and Wallace (English)- Writings of Blumentritt, Jagor, and Virchow (German)
• Historical Commentaries which qualify Rizal to be a real historian:
• Ma-yi (December 6, 1888) and Tawalisi of Ibn Batuta (January 7, 1889) (both written in London)
The Philippines Within a Century• In this article, he expressed his views on the Spanish
colonization in the Philippines• He predicted with amazing accuracy the tragic end of
Spain’s sovereignty in Asia• Parts:
- Beginning - glorious past of the Filipino people - Middle - economic stagnation and happiness under the harsh Spanish Rule- Last - peered into the future and warned Spain of what would happen to her colonial empire in Asia if she would not adopt a more liberal & enlightened policy toward the Philippines
The Indolence of the Filipinos• Defense of the alleged indolence of
the Filipinos• Critical study of the causes why the
Filipinos did not work hard during the Spanish regime
• Main thesis: the Filipinos are not by nature indolent
The Indolence of the Filipinos• 10 Causes of decline in economic life:
- Native revolts and other internal disorders- Wars which the Filipinos fought for Spain (Dutch, Portuguese, English, etc.)- Raids on the coastal towns and village by the Muslim pirates of Mindanao and Sulu- Forced labor- Lack of stimulus to work harder (people could not enjoy the fruits of their labor)
The Indolence of the Filipinos- Government neglect and indifference (agriculture, industry, and commerce)- Bad example shown by Spaniards - despising manual labor- Teaching of Spanish missionaries- Gambling- System of Spanish education
International Association of Filipinologists
• Universal Exposition of 1889 (Paris)• Letter to Blumentritt – January 14,
1889• Prospectus: aim of the association –
“to study the Philippines from the scientific and historical point of view”
International Association of Filipinologists
• Officers:- President: Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt(Austrian)- Vice-President: Mr. Edmund Plauchut(French)- Counsellors:*Dr. Reinhold Rost(Anglo-German)*Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor(Filipino-Spanish) - Secretary: Dr. Jose Rizal(Filipino)
International Association of Filipinologists
• August 1889 (Paris) – scheduled holding of the inaugural convention
• Renowned scholars in Europe:- Dr. Reinhold Rost- Sir Henry Yule- Dr. Feodor Jagor- Dr. A.B. Meyer- Dr. H. Kern- Dr. Czepelak
Project for Filipino College in Hong Kong
• Planned by Rizal while still in Paris• To establish a modern college in Hong
Kong• Aim: “to train and educate men of good
family and financial means in accordance with the demands of modern times and circumstances”
• Mr. Mariano Cunanan (Mexico, Pampanga) - 40,000 pesos (initial capital)
Project for Filipino College in Hong Kong
• Curriculum (Subjects):- Ethics- Religion- Natural Law- Civil Law- Deportment- Hygiene- Mathematics- Physics and Chemistry- Natural History- Geography
Project for Filipino College in Hong Kong
• Curriculum (Subjects):- Political Economy- Universal History- Philippine History- Logic, Rhetoric, and Poetics- Spanish- English- French- German- Chinese- Tagalog
Project for Filipino College in Hong Kong
• Curriculum (Subjects):- Gymnastics- Equitation- Fencing- Swimming- Music- Drawing- Dancing
“Por Telefono”• La Vision del Fray Rodiguez
- Fray Jose Rodriguez• Por Telefono (Barcelona, 1889)
- Fr. Salvador Font (banning of Noli)• “Dimas Alang”• Telephone conversation between Fr.
Font (Madrid) and the father provincial (San Agustin Convent-Manila)
Christmas in Paris• Jose Albert• Capitan Justo Trinidad• Christmas dinner: fried chicken, rice,
and vegetables• Rizal’s last Christmas dinner in Paris• After New Year – brief visit to London
(unknown purpose)
Christmas in Paris• Two theoretical reasons:
- To check up his annotated edition of Morga’s Sucesos with the original copy in the British Museum; and- To see Gertrude Beckett for the last time
• Middle of January 1890 – back in Paris
