Population Pyramid – Australia’s Age Structure (ABS):

2008 2024 2040 2056

Andrew Campbell, Mark McSweeney, Zdravko Knezic

Supported by Mr. Bernard Salt (Industry Mentor)

Aged Care Facilities

Australia’s Looming Demographic Shift and the

Strategic Gap for Melbourne Property Developers

In 2007 – People aged over 65 years

made up 13% of Australia‟s population

In 2056 – People aged over 65 years will

make up 25% of Australia‟s population

Ageing-in-place highly favourable

Escalating client expectations

Higher levels of affluence among the

Baby Boomers

“Lifestyle” over “Retirement”

Appropriate and adaptable housing design critical

Sector not as specialised as is perceived

Aged care sector to quadruple by 2050 (Productivity

Report)

Demand for Hybrid Developments encompassing both

Independent Living Arrangements and High Care Facilities

Two distinct markets – Adaptable Independent Living

Arrangements and High Care Facilities

The future of large „Super Suite‟ room types in high rise

developments

Development Opportunities Demographic Shift & Baby Boomers

School of Property Construction and Project Management

65yrs

The effect of carbon tax on the construction industry

• Our study aims to

investigate the effect of

carbon tax on the

construction industry.

• In the past there have been

many studies conducted on

climate change, however,

many have not been

focused as the effect

carbon tax on the

construction industry.

• We are researching this

topic to fill this research

gap.

School of Property Construction and Project Management

Summarizing from our

detailed analyses, a

conceptual framework

of the effect of carbon

tax on the construction

industry is presented

•permits •permits

Effect of carbon tax on construction industry

European

Union

(except U.K.)

United

Kingdom

South Africa Asia

Facts:

•Companies likely

to pass

associated costs

onto successive

purchasers

•Take advantage

to make profits

•Effect of tax

weakened by

granting

excessive permits

Facts:

•Employment and

GDP to rise

•Continuous

questioning about

the wordings of

the regulation

•Behavioural

change should be

complimented by

cultural change

Rumours:

•Operate like a

revenue-raising

scheme

•Carbon price will

reach rocket high

if not being

capped by the

government

•Higher tax rate

to suppress

carbon demand

Rumours:

•The whole sector will

be worsen-off as a

result of carbon tax

•Current discussions

ignored the likely

effect of the tax on the

industry

•Comprehensiveness

and adequacy of the

future legislation are

questionable

Facts:

• India:

Construction on

cost increased

due to the

increase of

material costs

•Being forced by

the developed

countries to take

real action

Rumours:

•Damage the

economic

strength and

subsequently

affect world-wide.

•Using

‘Effectiveness of

the carbon tax

policy has yet to

be justified’ as an

excuse

Implications to Australia:

1. Construction activities could increase due to the advancement of green technology and changes of construction materials and

methods.

2. Delegating emissions law more carefully to avoid mission drift

3. Loop holes of the carbon tax legislation should be filled up.

4. Carbon tax may cripple the investment in property construction

5. Further education is required to achieve the perceived outcomes

John Nguyen s3173044

Nicholas Lacarruba s3195800

William Papaspiros s3041286

Adam Bray s3162431

The effect of climate change on the trend of construction research

• Through a critical review of 290 papers published in the ERA ranked journals in Category 1202 Building,

we seek to investigate the effect of climate change on the trend of construction research.

– Relevant research papers from 35 international journals were reviewed.

– This may be the first-ever comprehensive literature review study on this topic in Australia.

• Summarizing the previous research outputs and linking them with the area of further

research, the conceptual framework of the effect of climate change on the trend of

construction research is prepared and shown in the above figure.

School of Property Construction and Project Management

• The figure depicts that an

assortment of researches in [1]

the use of building materials {2}

energy/emission consumption

reduction for further buildings [3]

seeking alternative design

methods [4] establishment of

performance

measurement/monitoring systems

[5] policy related issues had been

undertaken by the construction

researchers. Yet, further research

studies should be done in order to

comprehend the study. The

related suggestions can be found

in our final report.

Dominic Ross s3191237

William Hughes s3201793

Damon Kaine s3199479

Daniel Salera s3203544

Predictions of operational use are feasible but prediction will

depend largely on reliable monitoring data

Construction Research Driven

by Climate Change

Materials Emissions/Energy

Consumption Design Methods Performance Monitoring

Use more timber as a substitute for

concrete and steel due to life cycle.

Policy

Alternatives Recycled Re-use Vulnerability Adapting capacity Exposure

Building Use

Early Decision

Making

Alternatives

H & C Comfort Adaption Mitigation Adaption Carbon Tax

Case study Data Modulation

Experiments Literature

Review Case Study

Simulation

Study

Mathematical

Simulation Case Study Questionnaire Case Study

Mathematical

Simulation

Literature

Review Case Study Literature

Review

Taxonomy

Development

Suggesting policy to encourage carbon reduction

and mitigate emissions

Devising solutions to reduce energy

consumption by the end users

Use of recycled aggregates

Including carbon consumption as a new

parameter in performance monitoring systems

Design methods to retrofit old buildings with new

energy efficient designs

Devising proactive measures to reduce risks of

carbon leakage

Carbon Tax

A clear road map to restrict energy

requirements of new and existing

buildings by 2020

Both daylight and natural ventilation are critical

climate control components

While alternative materials are suggested, there is no

suggestion as to how they can be implemented

Re-use receives minimal attention in

Australia. It takes time to attract public

attention

Policy doesn’t reach consensus with public

opinion

Evaluation of effectiveness of policy is required

Developing proactive measures is yet to be proven to be feasible

and requires huge policy change and haven't suggested how they

can implement in reality

New energy efficient designs for old buildings receives

minimal attention in Australia and creates instability

Research should address building resilience in terms of

structures, function and location as well as security of

energy and communication supply

Solving issues surrounding carbon emissions

through the implementation of policies that actually

reduce emissions and not just create income for the

government

Sustainability is much larger than

reducing emissions

RE

SE

AR

CH

CO

NT

RIB

UT

ION

S

ME

TH

OD

OLO

GIE

S &

FIN

DIN

GS

LIM

ITA

TIO

NS

FIRE RATED WALL SYSTEMS:

TRADITIONAL VS. ALTERNATIVE

Traditional Systems:

• Plasterboard

• Masonry: Brick/Block

• Timber Stud Wall

• Metal Stud Wall

Report Description Thickness FRL

BRANZ FR 3754 Bare 78mm Speedpanel wall to 3.0m spans 78mm -/240/120

CSIRO FCO 2619 Bare 78mm Speedpanel wall to 4.5m spans 78mm -/120/120

- On fire consulting design advice, 6.0m high Speedpanel 78mm -/120/120

CSIRO FCO 1762 2 x 78mm Speedpanel walls with 50mm air cavity 204mm -/240/240

School of Property Construction and Project Management

JOSH EVANS, JAKE WHITFORD, ADAM BALESTRA & DANIEL RUMPH

New/Alternative Systems:

• Speedpanel

• Hebel

• Autoclaved Aerated Concrete

• INSULROCK Fire Rated Panels

Examples of Available Wall Systems: Gyprock System No. Description Thickness FRL

CSR 350 1 x 13mm GYPROCK FYRCHEK sheet to each

side, 70mm timber Stud @ 600mm centres

96mm -/60/60 and 30/30/30

CSR 310 1 x 13mm GYPROCK Plasterboard CD sheet to

each side, 70mm timber Stud @ 600mm centres

96mm -/-/-

CSR 050 1 x 13mm GYPROCK FYRCHEK sheet to each

side, 76mm 0.50BMT Steel Stud @ 600mm

centres

102mm -/60/60 and 30/30/30

CSR 010 1 x 13mm GYPROCK Plasterboard CD sheet to

each side, 76mm 0.50BMT Steel Stud @ 600mm

centres

102mm -/-/-

Source: www.wordpress.com/metalstudframing

Source: http://www.gyprock.com.au/downloads/file/FILE%20MANAGER/w2GYP500C_2007_Timber.pdf

Source: Speedpanel, c2009, Product Testing: CSIRO fire tested table: Speedpanel Source: http://www.speedpanel.com.au/wallsystems.asp

Based on an array of criteria and research the research group has concluded that New/Alternative wall

systems are superior to Traditional Wall Systems in terms of Fire Rating Properties.

Geo-Polymer Concrete

•  Waste Materials Usage •  Geo-polymer technology provides the potential for the utilisation of waste materials and processing of

by-products that would otherwise be useless in the manufacturing process of Portland cement and would be disposed of in landfill.

•  Fly ash (produced in black coal fired power stations) is a waste material that can be used to replace Portland cement. It is significant to both the Australian mining and construction industries, due to the abundance of coal fired power stations operating in the country.

•  Carbon Emissions Reduction •  The major advantage of Geo-polymer concrete over traditional Portland cement is the lower rate of

CO2 emissions . For instance, Portland cement production contributes between 5 to 10% of global CO2 emissions. Therefore, by substituting Portland cement with geo-polymer concrete, the CO2 emissions relating to binder manufacturing would potentially be reduced by 80% or more.

•  If Portland cement was entirely replaced by geo-polymer concrete, it is predicted that current global CO2 emissions would be reduced by approximately 4 to 8%

•  Strength •  Geo-polymer concrete is slightly stronger in compression than traditional Portland cement concrete and

the type of curing affects at what stage this occurs. Research has also shown positive association with tensile and flexural strength. As well as the benefit of being environmentally friendly, it is important that Geo-polymer concrete is up to the same standard as Portland cement concrete to evolve into the market. With further studies and tests, it is likely there will be more benefits and innovation in its structural components in the future.

•  Durability •  It has been found that Geo-polymer concrete has a greater durability than Portland cement, as well as

a reduced carbon footprint resulting from zero cement content. In comparison to ordinary Portland cement, these greater engineering properties include high compressive strength, greater resistance to acid attack and fire (up to 1320⁰C), and low shrinkage creating a more durable product than ordinary Portland cement.

•  Barriers •  Geo-Polymer Concrete faces many barriers including an industry that restricts change, statutory issues

(Australian Standard Compliance), a lack of experienced contractors, cost pressures and proven long term certainty.

•  This shows the high percentage of carbon emissions from concrete production that are a direct result of the Portland cement component.

School of Property Construction and Project Management

Industry Expert – Don Wimpenny Lukasz Kuder Steven Cahill Research Mentor – Koorosh Gharehbaghi Georgie Ellis Paul Nanas

Is there a future for Geo-Polymer Concrete in the Australian Construction Industry?

Diagram 1 - % of CO2 emissions in Concrete

Ref: Prusinski, et al

Ref: Concrete Institute of Australia

Diagram 2 – Total emissions comparison •  This shows the amount of carbon emissions

produced per tonne of product in a real life example in Victoria. The emissions from the Geo-polymer concrete are significantly less.

•  Research Objective •  The objective of this research project is to explore the future of Geo-polymer concrete in the Australian construction

industry and determine the likelihood that Geo-polymer concrete will lead the industry towards a lower-emissions future.

•  Conclusion and Recommendations •  Geo-polymer concrete does present itself as a suitable low carbon alternative to Portland based concrete. •  The use of Geo-polymer concrete would significantly reduce Australia and indeed the worlds carbon emissions. •  We recommend that any further study look further into the effects of the proposed carbon-taxation scheme and how this

may effect cost and uptake in the construction materials sector.

Green Star and NABERS

characteristics and challenges

School of Property Construction and Project Management

Robert Catoggio • Alix Muir�Smith • Carl Naidoo • Clay Tuckett • Michael Woods

Buildings

performance

assessed on

nine

categories

Obsolescence

of prior Green

Star versions

due to change

of rating

Measures potential

performance of a

buildings design

Cost of

Obtaining Rating

Environmental

building rating tool

developed and

administered by the

Green Building

Council Australia

(GBCA)

Lack of Recycled

Materials in the Market

Difficult for existing

buildings to achieve

six star rating

Measures

actual

performance

of a building

in operation

Purchasing

renewable

energy helps

increase star

rating

Environmental building

rating tool developed

and administered by the

NSW Office of

Environment &

Heritage

Buildings

performance

assessed on

four

categories

Lack of

transparency on

assessment

frameworkGreen Star

NABERS

RESEARCH COMPLETED BY: MICHAEL BRINE, JACK LYNCH, STEVEN LIDGERWOOD AND JOEL KEOGH

SCHOOL OF PROPERTYCONSTRUCTION ANDPROJECT MANAGEMENT

HERITAGE CONSERVATIONIS IT OUTDATED?

CAN ENDORSING MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES IN HERITAGE CONSERVATION BE BENEFICIAL TO THE BUILDING INDUSTRY?

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

The research aimed to find whether there are any benefits to the building industry through the endorsement of modern construction techniques in heritage conservation. Community sentiment and the continued deterioration of heritage buildings has drawn attention to the issue of heritage conservation.

“93% of Australian’s strongly believed that heritage aids the formation of Australian identity” (The Allen Consulting Group, 2005)

A theory was developed through identifying patterns and links between global, national and local literature, and the case study. The current capacities and limitations of the heritage sector were highlighted.

CASE STUDY

The Ballarat Town Hall, a $1.85 million façade restoration project, was undertaken by The City of Ballarat and completed in December 2010. Some of the issues encountered throughout this project include:

• Previous rendering works had resulted in deterioration of the masonry due to incompatible materials

• Difficulty in sourcing appropriate and traditional skilled labour including, renderers, stonemasons and blacksmiths

• Difficulty in sourcing traditional materials included spun glass for the face of the clock tower

CONCLUSION

The research has concluded that the building industry can benefit from modern techniques and materials in heritage conservation. If adequate planning and research is undertaken, benefits maybe seen through time, cost and quality improvements. However, further research is necessary to fully understand these benefits and limitations.

SUGGESTED FURTHER RESEARCH

• Case studies on heritage projects and analysis contrasting ‘like-for-like’ methods and modern techniques to identify problems and successes

• Reasons behind lack of training in heritage conservation

• Material compatibility studies to better understand the properties and behaviour of different materials

KEY FINDINGS

Benefits:• Ability to alleviate the current skills shortage problem

• Industry participant capacity improved

• Achieving improved cost and time certainty

• Reduced energy usage and increased sustainability of buildings

Limitations:• Uncertainty regarding material

compatibility

• Potential loss of historical

significance

6 6

5 5

4 4

3 3

2 2

1 1

G G

Lift Overrun

CORR

IDO

RCO

RRID

OR

CORR

IDO

RCO

RRID

OR

CORR

IDO

RCO

RRID

OR

CORR

IDO

R

THE INFLUENCES OF WEB BASED COLLABORATION TOOLS ON PROJECT PRODUCTIVITY

School of Property Construction and Project Management

Typical Project Administration Problems

Inefficient Information Management

Solution

Results

Early Project Delivery Cost Reduction Better Quality Construction

Collaboration

v  NOR FAUZAN DAUD v  MINH TAM ONG v  WUI HONG ONG

Introduction

Ø  How do web based collaboration tools

influence construction productivity?

Conclusion and Recommendation

Ø  Administration efficiency (fast

communication, information sharing, storing

system) are the main factor contributing to

project productivity

Ø  Limitations exist in training, security and

server down time

Ø  It is recommended for use in construction

industry to improve time, cost and quality of

project

Discussion Ø  Time and cost savings are achieved

through web based collaboration tools

Ø  The administration efficiency is the major

improvement to project productivity

Methodology

Ø  Questionnaire Survey

Ø  Interviews

Ø  Supporting Documents

Literature Review “Of all the applications of the Internet in

the design professions, none has more

wide- ranging significance than Web-

based project management. It offers the

potential to establish a seamless flow of

project based information from player to

player, over a project’s entire life

cycle.” (Scott, 2005)

C.D. Information Management system

School of Property Construction and Project Management

WHAT ARE POST OCCUPANCY TOOLS?

� Sustainability tools which assess a building’s

sustainability output once occupants have

occupied a building.

ASSESSMENT OF OFFICE BUILDINGS USING POST

OCCUPANCY SUSTAINABILITY TOOLS

Green Star NABERS LEED BREEAM

LAUNCH DATE 2003 2000 1998 1990

WHY DO WE REQUIRE SUCH A TOOL?

� To ensure buildings are maintaining the same

level of sustainability and efficiency that they

were originally accredited with.

� To increase public and industry confidence in

sustainability by providing post occupancy

evaluations on sustainable buildings.

IS THIS THE ONLY ASSESSMENT TOOL?

� No, these tools only cover the post occupancy

phase of sustainability evaluation. An evaluation

of sustainable design and the construction phase

LAUNCH DATE 2003 2000 1998 1990

COUNTRY OF

ORIGIN

Australia Australia United

States

United

Kingdom

RATING SYSTEM 1 – 7 Star 1 – 6 Star - Certified

- Silver

- Gold

- Platinum

- Pass

- Good

- Very Good

- Excellent

- Outstanding

POE POSSIBLE Yes Yes Yes Yes

ACCREDITATION/

CERTIFICATION

BASED ON

GBCA

certified

assessment

NABERS

accredited

assessment

Certified

LEED

assessment

Certified

BREEAM

assessment

Nancy Mikhail I John Rebershak I Matthew Bergonzo I Joel Nathan Ryan

of sustainable design and the construction phase

should also be implemented . BASED ON assessment

(Design and

As Built

Documents)

assessment

(Actual

performance)

assessment

(Design

documents)

assessment

(Design

documents)

WHEN CAN

RATING BE

ACHIEVED

During

design or

construction

phase

Post

occupancy

(12 months)

During

design

phase

During

design

Phase

What are the major restrictions BIM faces in gaining widespread use within the construction industry?

School of Property Construction and Project Management

William Debney s3197242 Peter Ancona s3201048 Benjamin Power s3200047 Joseph Ramsden s3201329

Research Methodology Three phase process used to collect and analyse data. Throughout the process, the five major stakeholders identified, will have their data analysed separately, to gain each perspective.

Stage 1 - Surveys/Questionnaires •  Easily distributed too usedl in gaining large amount of primary

data. •  Used to flag the major restrictions faced. •  Data gained will be used throughout the next stages. Stage 2 - Interviews •  One on one tailored questions to gain optimal responses. •  Data from stage 1 utilized in lines of questioning. •  Qualitative information. Stage 3 - Focus Groups •  ‘Round table’ discussions between all key industry stakeholders. •  Validation of data gained in the previous stages. •  Ranking of BIM restrictions from minor to major.

BIM

Client

Architect / Engineer

Contractor Manufacturer / Supplier

Software Developer

Introduction •  Building Information Modeling is defined by the US

General Services Administration as the use of a multi faceted computer software data model to not only document a building design, but to simulate the construction and operation of a facility.

•  Gradually replacing the 2D or 3D CAD technology. •  There has been limited efforts in systematically defining

BIM concepts as a framework for theory and implementation.

Client

Architect / Engineer

Contractor Manufacturer / Supplier

Software Developer

Figure 1 depicts a traditional procurement model in which there is no collective communication tool. Each stakeholder must communicate directly with one another, being time consuming and inefficient.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Five Key Stakeholders The five key BIM stakeholders identified in the construction industry are: 1.  Client 2.  Architect / Engineer 3.  Contractor 4.  Manufacturer / Supplier 5.  Software Developer These stakeholders all face significant restrictions in the widespread implementation of BIM. Some restrictions are common across stakeholder groups.

We're getting everything out of

BIM that we believe it can

provide us 3%

We're getting a lot of value from BIM but believe there is more to

be gained 45%

We're just scratching the surface of how much BIM can

provide us 48%

We're getting no meaningful value

from BIM 4%

Level of Business Value of BIM

Hypothesized Major Restrictions Amongst Stakeholders

1.  Client •  Training required to use BIM software packages. •  Access to the software.

2. Architect / Engineer •  Concerns over intellectual property and shared information. •  Compatibility across many differing systems and processes used by

other organizations involved. 3. Contractor •  Time associated with training employees to use the software. •  Changes to business practices. •  Financial implications of purchasing software and licensing.

4. Manufacturer / Supplier •  No standard for coding across the industry. •  Small profit margins means less disposable funds to use on

investing in BIM software.

5. Software Developer •  Concerns regarding future marketability of software created. •  Costs associated with developing software. Source: McGraw – Hill

Construction 2009

V I R T U A L T E A M S

Motivation:

It has been identified that the primary causes of the construction industry’s poor

performance are its ineffective communication practices, its organisation

fragmentation, and lack of integration between design and production processes.

(Dainty et al. 2006)

Factors To Be Considered:

THE PROPOSAL

Further Research: Gathering primary data through case studies and questionnaires

to identify the factors that affect effective implementation of virtual teams within the

Australian Construction Industry.

Decision Framework: Providing companies with a set of questions or directives to

aid in a decision to implement Virtual Teams

School of Property Construction and Project Management

Luke Bearzatto, Steven Collins, Callum Jenkins, Nick Corp

‘What factors should be considered when using Virtual

Teams during the design and planning stage of a

construction project?’

• Human Resources • Change Management • Virtual Team Structures

• Social Capital • Technology