Con-tinuous b MIT [

Since 1881 Mft Massachusetts

Volume 106, Number 28 Tuesday, June 24, 1986_~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"EP . .. -

By Suzanne J. SanderThe MIT Libraries are phasing

in a new automated circulationproject to reduce checkout timeand will eventually build an inter-library campus network. The ini-tial planning for the system,named after MIT's founder Wil-liarn Barton Rogers, began in1983, and borrowers started mak-ing use of the system last month.

Students must show a photoID and a barcoded library cardto check out books under thenew system. Cards are availableat the libraries.

"We are working towards anon-line catalogue system," saidSystem Librarian Amira L. Aar-on. The project will-replace cata-logue cards with computer termi-nals containing the pertinentinformation needed to locate ma-terial. MIT currently has 300,000records on-line, but Aaron hopesto have the majority of the voi-

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By Andrew L. Fish...~· .. | 1 1 | |11 ~q$~E ~6~:~~LI(~ j The MIT Department of Elec-

trical Engineering and ComputerScience has proposed to replaceits spring term offerring of 6.001a y , 4 | |1 |11 | _11|1 ^8 _with an intensive version duringIndependent Activities Period

`·cn, U~BPI B(AP).The proposal, which is still in

the planning stages, is intendedto "'create more intimate student-

_#tds~i~aasrs~aacs ~ llfaculty contact" and "better~·· .- ~d~Rsaraa~~----· Iserve students who have difficulty

juggling conflicting demands ontheir time during the semester,"according to a June 3 draft.

L, UC~$C~pJI~;~ T - o A & / -1 Professor Richard B. Adler'43, associate head of the Depart-meent for Electrical Science and

Tech photo by Ellen L. Spero Engineering, said "a whole lot of

A trash dumpster blocks the front entrance to Bexley discussion is needed [on the pro-Hall which is closed this surnmer for renovations. posOl]." He indicated that such.all, whi ' · 1 i- -losed _his ._immer _ | _ renovations. discussions were currently under-

Coop will rnmmwe to Kendall

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opportunities offered duringIAP," MacVicar said.

M IT should "proceed withcaution, without changing thecharacter of IAP," MacVicarsaid. "It would be a trajedy ifIAP lost its scope and freedom."

David S. Wiley '61, recently-named successor to retiring Asso-ciate Dean of Student AffairsHolliday C. Heine '67, said "it isimportant to be supportive ofnew pedigogical projects; howev-er, many concerns have beenraised [about the proposal]."

It is important to have studentinput, Wiley said. "We want towork out something that's bestfor the whole institution," headded.

Undergraduate Association(UA) President Bryan R. Moser'87 said the proposal, "is not atrivial change." Moser had con-cerns of the impact of the pro-posal on pace and pressure, IAP,and a student's introduction toCourse VI.

The proposal must be "han-dled as an experiment" and "real-ly well laid out," Moser said.

"4As I see the proposal it has acoersive nature now," Mosersaid. "It has the potential ofchanging IAP in a very negativeway.,,

" Until we have an opportunityto ask questions we won't makedecisions," he said. Moser addedthat the UA is conducting a fo-rum on the proposal on July 1.

way.Adler said the proposal creates

"whole kinds of problems."Some of the questions whichhave been brought up includehow to make assignments, howgrading should be done, and howto control registration, Adler ex-plained.

Alder noted that it was possi-ble that IAP demand could behigher than term enrollment, in-cluding "those who might not or-dinarily take the course....How do you avoid getting 800people?" Alder asked.

The proposal could help thefreshman year by freeing upmore time, Adler said. He notedthat most freshmen end up tak-ing 6.001 during their springterm.

"It's a lot of material to learnin three and a half weeks," Adlerconceded. He said the condensedversion of 6.001 had been givento some faculty, "but they are nottrying to pass exams."'

"My own feeling is that thereare too many things to settle toget the course ready for Septem-ber," Alder said.

Dean of Undergraduate Educa-tion Margaret L,. A. MacVicar'65 said there were "a lot of meri-torious points" in the plan. "Ihope that the concerns can be ad-dressed so the program can be in-stituted," she said.

Proposals like this would "in-crease the kinds and character of

By Ronald E. BeckerThe Harvard Cooperative Soci-

ety (the Coop) will be opening anew store in the Kendall Square/Cambridge Center area, accord-ing to James A. Argeros, Presi-dent of the Coop. The Coopsigned a 20-year lease with Bos-ton Properties and the City ofCambridge for property in theKendall Square Area on June 2.

The Coop anticipates havingthe Kendall Square store in oper-ation beginning April 1, 1987.This new store will have an ex-panded book section and willcarry a wider selection of goods.Textbooks for MIT courses willstill be sold. Book selection willbe increased, and the textbookarea will be convertible to otherpurposes during off-season.

Low growth potential and lowvisibility of the current studentcenter store are the primary rea-sons for the move, Argeros said.The MIT branch of the Coophasn't been showing the samekind of growth that the otherCoop stores have shown, he said.

Kendall Square is a high-

growth area and Argeros indicat-ed that The Coop was "lucky tobe able to go there." He also pre-dicted that if The Coop didn 'tmake the move, that another,similar retailer would take theKendall Square space and pro-vide fierce competition to theStudent Center store.

Another benefit of the move isthat the new Tech Coop will belocated right next to the Kendall/MIT T-stop. This offers betteraccess to the Boston community,

Argeros said. The new store willalso be adjacent to a planned'"public plaza" and will offer a"food mall" service.

The current Student Centerstore is out of date - the fixturesand shelves are not up to contem-porary standards. The new MITCoop will have "'a better environ-ment in which to shop," Argerossaid.

The new store will have 40,000square feet of shopping space (50

(Please turn to page 2)

ing to have to rely more on cre-ativity to increase productivity.

in her address.Rain and protests

Heavy showers pouredthroughout the ceremony, send-ing many inside to watch the ex-ercises on television. Gray jokedthat a parent had remarked,"After the soaking I've takenfrom this place for the past fouryears what's a little rain?"

An alternate graduation site inthe New Athletic Center hadbeen set up, but the decision onwhether to move indoors had tobe made at 6:30 am, at whichtime it was not raining.

Some of the graduates and fac-ulty participating in commence-ment wore red armbands in pro-test of MIT's holdings incompanies doing business withSouth Africa. Also, about 10people picketted against MIT'splans to develop the Simplexproperty in Cambridgeport.

By Andrew L. FishAmidst heavy rain, 1769

graduates received their degreesat MIT's 170th commencementon June 2. The graduation exer-cises were plagued by the worstweather since commencementwas moved outside in 1979.

MIT President Paul E. Gray'54 used the opportunity to an-nounce that the building housingthe MIT Center for Space Re-search would be named for Ron-ald E. McNair PhD '76. McNairwas one of the seven astronautskilled when the space shuttleChallanger exploded last January.

See text of Hewlett's remarks,page 5

"Creativity will play a vital rolein our increasingly high tech so-ciety," Hewlett said. 'This is thetime when the best and the mostcreative minds will be sought outand placed in positions of key re-sponsibility," he explained.

Hewlett also placed responsi-bility on universities to "providea theoretical base for quality andefficiency in the manufacturingprocess."

After Hewlett's address, VivianLee '86, president of the Class of1986, presented the class gifts toGray. The gifts consisted of alight sculpture to be placed in theWiesner student art gallery and ascholarship fund. Lee spoke ofthe unity of the graduating class

Tech photo by Ronald E. Becker

William R. Hewlett SM '36addresses the graduates.

See text of Gray's remarks, page2

In his charge to the graduates,Gray said "nothing could bemore fitting than to have Ron'sname and his spirit associatedwith that mission [exploring andunderstanding space] and thiscampus.

"The McNair Building willstand as a permanent reminder tofuture generations at MIT of thegrace and significance of extraor-dinary achievement tempered byan uncommon wisdom and anabiding love of humankind,"Gray continued.

Gray told the graduates thatthe "comnpression of time andspace [through technological in-novations] will require of you -more than any other generation- an ability to take the longview in your personal and profes-sional decisions."

"This long view must be con-stantly before us ... for weknow that what we do today willaffect not only our contemporar-ies near and far, but tcmmorow'schildren as well," Gray said.

William R. Hewlett SM '36,co-founder of the Hewlett-Pack-ard company, gave the com-mencement address. Hewlett toldthe graduates that industry is go-

umes catalogued in the system assoon as possible.

Although the system stores in-formation- about each student in-cluding name, campus addressand telephone number, the MITCommittee on Privacy has re-stricted the Amount of data thesystem may contain in order toprotect students' privacy.

"The committee has restrictedus from Storing such informationas a student's home address, andthey have also have prohibitedstudents from gaining access tothe system," Aaron said.

The Town of Wellesley has alsobegun to circulate books underan automated system known asCLSI. Unlike MIT, the Wellesley*Free Library (WFL) is one oftwenty libraries sharing the samesystem, the Minuteman Library

i Network. Each library can deter-mine which towns have a specificbook, the number of copies avail-able of the book, and how manycopies have been checked out.

"Books will come back fasterand will be more available to pa-trons than they used to be," saidDiane Baden, automated serviceslibrarian at the WFL.

(Please turn to page 2)I

Commencement photoessay. Pages 6, 7.

EE(:S proposes IAP 6M001Programming course wouldn't be taught in spring

1 769-gradauate; MlcNaiPr building named

Institute libraries installbarcode lending system

Edwin KuhEdwin Kuh, professor of economics and finance died of cancerJune 9 at age 61. Kuh was best known for his theories of thepredictive value of econometric models. He served as director ofMIT's Center for Computational Research in Economics andManagement Science. He had also been a member of the Presi-dent's Materials Policy Commission and the Economic AdvisoryPanel of the US Postal Service.

Kuh was first to find a relationship between the state of thebusiness cycle and the productivity of the economy. He came toMIT in 1955 as an assistant professor and gained tenure in1962.

Sloan School Dean Abraham J. Siegel called Kuh "one of theoutstanding pioneers in econometric studies. . .. He was a mostdiligent and conscientious colleague and we shall all miss him."

Peter A. Diamond, head of the Departmnent of economics,said, "In all facets of his life, Ed Kuh was a man who held hisbeliefs strongly and committed himself thoroughly on that ba-sis."

Harvard economist John Kenneth Galbraith credited Kuhwith helping establish affirmative action programs, calling him"4one of the most innovative economists of his generation."

Kuh is survived by his wife Simoni; five children, Joanna,Elizabeth, Thomas, Sarah and Daniel; a granddaughter, Ariela;and a brother, Peter. A memorial service was held yesterday inthe MIT chapel.

ia MP PAGE 2 The Tech TUESDAY, JUNE 24, 1986

President Paul Gray's speech~~Llab -~ pa

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Tech photo by Ellen L Spero

Participants in the Massachusetts Special OlympicsSummer Games compete in a relay race in Steinbren-ner Stadium (left). Participants, spectators, and volun-teers take a lunch break (right). The event was heldSunday at MIT.

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I

(Editor's note: The following isthe text of the charge to thegraduates by President Paul E.Gray '54 at MIT's 120th Com-m7encement Exercises.)

In the competitive sport of div-ing, the various dives are rankedaccording to degrees of difficult,.Whien the performances of differ-ent divers are equal, the diverwiho chooses the dive with thehighest degree of difficulty wins.By that measure alone, you heretoday are *winners. You have cho-sen and successfully negotiated acollegiate education having whatmay be the nation's highest de-gree of difficulty. I congratulateyou. Your faculty congratulates

celebration is part of a year-longcommemoration of the 125th an-niversary of MIT's founding in1861. Much of our celebrationthis year has focused on pastachievements and tradition -but always with an eye to the fu-ture. For better or worse, theCommencement Committee thisyear jumped right in to this spiritof innovation and tradition. As aresult, we are all part of an ex-periment today -- to shorten thecommencement excercises by onehour while still giving each grad-uate his or her diploma individ-ually, in what promises to be anextraordinary display of parallelprocessing. With all that time

. (Please turn to page 5)

you.Now your families and loved

ones may not fully appreciatejust how demanding your MITeducation has been. But they doknow its cost, and I am certainthey would accord to that thehighest possible degree of diffi-culty. You and MIT owe them adeep debt of gratitude. And so Iwould ask the graduates to pleasestand and face the audience, sothat you can join with me andthe faculty in applauding thefamilies and friends whose sacri-fices and loving support havemade this day possible.

I should note that this day of

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(Continued from page 1)percent more than in the StudentCenter) on the first and lower lev-els of a six-level building. Also,there will be better access toloading facilities - a seriousproblem in the Student Centerstore, according to Argeros.

Plans for the Student Center

According to Stephen Immer-man, Director of West Plaza Op-erations, a"feasability analysis ofthe Coop space" has been con-ducted.

Immerman said that the ques-tion before the study was "Couldwe, through the introduction of anew set of retail goods and ser-vices, develop a cash flow whichwould allow us to substantiallyrenovate the public areas of theStudent Center in a way thatwould be cost-effective and at thesame time meet the needs of theMIT community?" The initialstudy indicated that this was fea-sible, Immerman added.

A "client - user" group is be-ing organized to help with therenovation. The group, which

will be "heavily student-oriented," will address estheticconcerns, how well specific goodsand services will be received, andhow the new food service manag-ment company will be integratedinto the Student Center.

In addition, Immerman intendsto hire marketing-managementconsultants to "come up withhard data on what the communi-ty needs."

Immerman also indicated a de-sire to "take care of some of theother problems as long as renova-tions are going to be made."These problems included thepoor vertical access of the build-ing, the elevator system in thebuiding, and the loading dock fa-cilities. Renovations will be pri-marily aimed at the basement,first, and second floors.

The operating expenses for theStudent Center come "almost en-tirely from the tuition dollar, andwe want to reduce that load,"Immerrnan said. The moneyneeded for the renovations willbe borrowed from a special fundMIT has, he added.

Imrmerman said that he hopesthat "we achieve this renovationat no capital cost to MIT, and atthe same time improve servicesavailable and thereby reduce theoperating cost."

Bowling alley to close

The bowling/games area in thebasement of the Student Centerwill close at the end of thismonth for a number of reasons,according to Immerman. The pri-mary reason was that the arealost money consistently since itwas opened twenty years ago. Re-ductions in staffing and hoursfailed to limit this loss - last fis-cal year the area lost "on the or-der of $30,000," Immerman said.

In addition, the alleys were inbad shape, requiring over $6000in repairs. The area is going to becompletely rennovated when theCoop leaves next year.

Immerman also indicated thatthe intramural bowling and bowl-ing club leaders were consulted inthis decision and had no objec-tions.

(Continued from page I)WFL went on-line on March

18, 1986. "It's too early for pa-trons to realize the benefits ofthis s;stem," Baden said, butsoon they will see an improve-ment in our abilities to hold re-serve books and retrieve booksthrough interlibrary loans forthem.

Although MIT has a backupsystem in case the main systemcrashes, the WFL does not.There is one system being madeavailable which Baden hopes tohave in six months. "It is a mi-crocomputer that can recordcheck-outs, check-ins, and renew-als. When the system comes backup, you send the informationover the phone line," she said.

The planning for Wellesley'ssystem began in the fall of 1982.

"It was not until the technologyadvanced enough to lower theprice and a general acceptance inthe library community for auto-mated standards was establishedthat Wellesley would think aboutsuch a project seriously," Badensaid.

Patrons at the Wellesley FreeLibrary are assured privacy justas patrons are at MIT. "While apatron has a book' checked out,if it is not overdue, we cannotlook up a patron's record and seewhat book they have. There are alot of privacy protections builtinto the system. Another part ofthis protection system is thatonce a book is returned, all re-cord of the patron ever havingtaken out the material is gone,"Baden said.

5:30 - 6:30

x3-2696.Course Evaluationr Summer Work

The newly revived Course Evaluation Guide needs stu-dent workers this summer. We are looking for peopleto help out in a variety of jobs: comment reading &summarizing, subject review writing, typing, and adver-tising sales. No experience required, but good writingskills would be helpful. Pay is available and some workcan be done at home.To help, drop by the UA office (W20-401)work sessions on Wednesday from 4:00 toSaturday from 2:00 to 6:00.If you have any questions, contact:Dean Dellinger

during our9:00 or on

x3-3182236-4015225-8479x3-2696

x3-2696

John KuenzigNuran Cinlarmessages at

government at MIT

Coop will move to Kendall Square

Barcode lending systeminstalled in libraries

6.01 during IAP?A proposal has been made to develop and teach a version of 6.001during IAP for credit. Many questions must be answered in order to weighthe advantages and disadvantages of such a course. You can attendthis forum for faculty and students to help ask and answer these ques-tions.

Tuesday, July 1st, Mezzanine Lounge, Student CenterIf you cannot attend but would like to know and give input about thisproposal, write a letter to or call Bryan Moser, W20-401,

UA Summer PlanningMeetings are being held on Wednesday nightsfrom 6 to 9 in the UA Office, Student Center, rm401 to plan for next year in student govern-ment. Come and help us plan to improve stu-dent life. Call ahead and tell us you're comingso that we can order pizza - or just stop by.

PIzZA

TheU N DE R G A D U ATE A S S O C I A T I 0 Nstudent fourth floor of the student center, rm 401,

TUESDAY, JUNE 24, 1986 The Tech PAGE 3 _

| PJ I I ~ BAgumGunman on Rodeo DriveA gunman held five people hostage yesterday inside Van

South African state ofemergency continues

A pro-government South African newspaper is report-ing that the current state of emergency in that countrymay remain in force even after the expected signing oftough new security legislation. The white-controlledcountry has placed an extensive news blackout upon thecountry, but Church of England envoy Terry Waite re-turned from South Africa yesterday with a letter sayingsome of the people arrested under the government crack-down have started a hunger strike to protest the treatmentthey have recieved in jail. (AP)

Britain asks to speakwith ANC leader

Oliver Tambo, head of the exiled African NationalCongress, says he is not sure about how he will respondto Great Britain's offer of negotiations. Until now theThatcher government has refused to meet with the SouthAfrican revolutionary group, accusing it of terrorism.(AP)

Striking AT&T workersturn down settlement

Talks between AT&T and the striking communicationsworkers union continue, but the union turned down thephone company's latest offer Sunday night. A union offi-cial refused to go into details about the offer, which wasturned down by two of the union's operating divisions.The nation's biggest strike in three years, affecting155,000 workers, is now into its fourth week. (AP)

O'Neill refuses to allowReagan to address House

Speaker Thomas "Tip" O'Niell has become the firstperson to turn down a presidential request to address ahouse of Congress. President Reagan yesterday asked O'-Neill to allow him to address the House of Representa-tives on the upcoming vote for aid to Nicaraguan rebels.O'Neill replied that an address to the joint houses of Con-gress would be more appropriate. Presidential addressesto the House of Representatives- alone are very rare, ex-plained one administration official.

Cleef and Arpels on Rodeo Drive in Beverly Hills. Theposh jewelry store was surrounded by police before theman was able to leave. Police have not released any infor-mation on the gunman's demands by press time, but re-ports indicate the man claimed the store sold him fakejewelry. (AP)

_E~~~~

Republicans may have nocandidate for governor

Democrats are challenging the 2500 signatures filed byRepublican gubernatorial candidate Gregory Hyatt. TheState Ballot Law Commission is expected to rule onwhether Hyatt, who is replacing former candidate RoyallSwitzler, will be removed from the ballot. If no decision ismade by the end of the week, Hyatt will automatically beplaced on the ballot. (AP)

a a* MS

McNapped!Police are investigating the abduction of a seven-foot

high Ronald McDonald statue from a Dover Township,New Jersey, McDonald's restaurant. They say the McNap-pers have sent a ransom note demanding about 8900Chicken McNuggets - plus the sauce. (AP)

Burger resignsUS Supreme Court Chief Justice Warren E. Burger re-

signed last week, in favor of his work for the 200th anni-versary celebration of the US Constitution in 1987. Burg-er, whose court was probably most famous for the 1974Roe vs. Wade decision legalizing abortion, will step downon July 10, when the current court session ends. PresidentReagan has announced his selection of Associate JusticeWilliam H. Rehnquist to the court's top position. USCourt of Appeals Judge Antonin Scalia was appointed tothe open Supreme Court position. Both appointments aresubject to approval by the Senate Judiciary Committee.(Tile Boston Globe)

Gray joins in statementagainst South Africa

MIT President Paul E. Gray '54 joined 15 other promi-nent American leaders in a personal statement urgingSouth Africa to "change its course." The statement, issueJune 18, condemned the renewed state of emergency inSouth Africa and the "assult on academic freedom." Thestatement urged South Africa to negotiate, rather than re-sorting to violence.

a *

World CupWorld Cup soccer will continue on Wednesday as

France meets West Germany and Belgium plays Argenti-na. The winners will go on to the championship gamenext Sunday. (The Boston Globe)

ID

_ h WrurZa *~ngIL'@Q

Defending Wimbledon champion Boris Becker easilydefeated Eduardo Bengoechea of Argentina in straightsets yesterday. The only Wimbledon upset came at thehands of unseeded Eric Jelen, who defeated 11th seed Ke-vin Curren in five sets. Curren lost to Becker in last year'sfinal match. Women's play starts today. (AP)

We will have some. .The Tech's usual weathermen were unavailable

for this issue, so here goes...Tuesday: Partially cloudy at times, breezy andwarm, with highs in the upper 80's. Possibleafternoon thunderstorms.Tuesday night: Cooler, lows about 58.Wednesday: Partially sunny, with highs in the 70's.Stray showers are possible.

Compiled by Michael J. Garrison

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The MIT Equipment Exchangeoffers surplus equipment and usedtypewriters to students and staffat reasonable prices. Located inBuilding NW30, 224 Albany Street.Open Tues., Thurs. 11 am - 3 pm.

Help keepAmericaThis space donated by The Techg

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The Tech (ISSN 0148-9607) is published Tuesdays and Fridays during the academicyear (except during Ml'r vacations), Wednesdays during January, and monthly during

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against the speech, though, wasits stereotyping of the MIT com-munity. Hewlett treated the entireclass as if they were engineers go-ing into industry. The speech wasnot a broad message to the entiregraduating class, rather a lessonon how to be a better engineer.

The speech probably meant lit-tle to the many graduates whoare going on in the pure sciences,social sciences, humanities, andother professions not directly re-lated to engineering - one biolgymajor who will be going to medi-cal school next year asked me,"What does R&D stand foranyway?"

I hope that this year's com-mencement was an anomaly. Thenext time rain is forecasted forcommencement day, I assume theexercises will be moved inside.

I also urge the commencementcommitte to be more creative intheir speaker selection. Graduatesshould be able to hear a speechwith vision, and not another lec-ture, at the end of their longcareer.

ience? The answer is clearly no.In the future I would hope that

MIT would remember the chargeto be "better safe than sorry."Moving commencement insidewould have provided a muchmore enjoyable experience for allattending.

Inside or out, the audience stillhad to be content with the ad-dress of William R. Hewlett SM'36. This was unfortuante.

Hewlett's own title, "RandomThoughts on Creativity," was cer-tainly appropiate. I had troublefollowing the speech, as it wan-dered aimlessly around, neverreaching a firm conclusion.

The address also seemed to bea plug for Hewlett-Packard.Hewlett spoke almost exclusivelyabout the various accomplish-ments of his engineers, praisingtheir creativity. I half-expectedhim to tell of how his engineerscame up with ideas in the showerand the desert. Only the back-ground music was missing, other-wise, the commercial wascomplete.

The biggest complaint I have

Commencement was a wash-out, both figuratively and literal-ly. Pouring rains were likely to bethe only memory graduates takeaway the ceremony, for the com-mencement address was far frommemorable.

There is no exuse for holdingthe ceremony outdoors this year.Weather forecasts from the pre-vious evening called for someprecipitation that morning. MIThad to weigh the comfort of thegraduates and their familiesagainst the logistical problem ofmoving inside. They were selfishin their decision.

This selfishness left graduateswith stained clothing and stuffednoses. Families either weresoaked or, if they were lucky, gotto crowd around monitors towatch the "festivities."

Is this any way to treat peoplewho have put a significantamount of time, effort, and mon-ey into their education? Is thisany way to treat families whohave traveled from around theworld to see their children andshare in their educational exper-

NEWS STAFFAssociate News Editor: Andrew L. Fish '89; Staff: Joseph J.Kilian G, Donald Yee '87, Charles R. Jankowski '88, Robie Silber-gleit '88, Salman Akhtar '89, Derek T. Chiou '89, Mary Condello'89, Jeffrey C. Gealow '89, Akbar A. Merchant '89, Stephen S.Pao '89, Irene E. Skricki '89, Sally Vanerian '89, Donald Varona'89, Anuradha Vedantham '89, Anh Thu Vo '89, Suzanne J.Sandor W '88. Meteorologists: Robert X. Black G, ChristopherA. Davis G, Michael C. Morgan '88.

OPINION STAFFColumnists: Scott Saleska '86, Mark McDowell '88, Daniel W.Pugh '88, Alan Szarawarski '88, Elliot Marx '89.

SPORTS STAFFStaff: William Hou G, Paul Paternoster '88, Jerome G. Braunstein'89, Alison C. Morgan '89.

FEATURES STAFFCartoonists: V. Michael Bove G, Mark S. Day G, Kevin J. Burns'79, Jim Bredt '82.

PHOTOGRAPHY STAFFAssociate Photo Editors: Shari L. Jackson '88, David M. Watson'88, Susan K. Fatur '89, Kyle G. Peltonen '89; Staff: Stephen A.Brobst G, David A. Chanen '86, H. Todd Fujinaka '86, Elliott F.Williams '86, Jerry Broda '87, Sherry K. Lee '87, Daniel J. O'-Day '87, Rich R. Fletcher '88, Mike Frey '88, Michael W. Halle'88, Kim A. Kellogg '88, Mark S. Abinante '89, Eric I. Chang'89, Tom Coppeto '89, Terry P. Higgins '89, Steven Y. Kishi '89,Mike Klug '89; Darkroom Manager: Sidhu Banerjee '87.

BUSINESS STAFFAssociate Advertising Manager: Shari A. Berkenblit '88; Adver-tising Accounts Manager: Thomas E. Ricciardelli G; ProductionAccounts Manager: David Lively '88; Circulation Manager:Michael O'Dwyer '86.

PRODUCTION STAFFAssociate Night Editor: Halyard K. Birkeland '89; Staff: Amy S.Gorin '84, Sharalee M. Field '89, Illy King '89, Joyce Ma '89,Jane F. Huber W '87, A. Katrin Powell W '88; TEN Director:Mark Kantrowitz '88; Supplies Manager: Andrew S. Gerber '87;Outside Jobs Production Manager: Mark Kantrowitz '88.

PRODUCTION STAFF FOR THIS ISSUENight Editor: ......................................... .Ezra Peisach '89Staff: Steven Wheatman '86, Ronald E. Becker '87, Andrew L.Fish '89.

MMe PAGE 4 The Tech TUESDAY, JUNE 24, 1986

Column/Andrew L. Fish

Commencement washed out.{}m-ft, m m mm - - -- --

Volume 106, Number 28 Tuesday, June 24, 1986

Chairman ................................... Ronald E. Becker '87Editor in Chief ............................ Harold A. Stern '87Managing Editor ....................... Eric N. Starkman '87Business Manager .................. Michael J. Kardos '86Executive Editor ....................... Thomas T. Huang '86

News Editors ........................................ Katie Schwarz '86David P. Hamilton '88

Ben Z. Stanger '88Earl C. Yen '88

Opinion Editors ................................... Edward E. Whang '87Mathews M. Cherian '88

Night Editors .................................... Robert E. Malchman '85Mark Kantrowitz '88

Ezra Peisach '89Arts Editor .......................................... Jonathan Richmond GPhotography Editor ............................ Stephen P. Berczuk '87Advertising Manrager ............................... Craig Jungwirth '88Contributing Editors .................................. V. Michael Bove G

Julian West GBill Coderre '85

Simson L. Garfinkel '86Carl A. LaCombe '86

Steven Wheatman '86Sidhu Banerjee '87

Andrew S. Gerber '87Michael J. Garrison '88

Senior Editor ............................................... Ellen L. Spero GIndexing Project Representative .............. Carl A. LaCombe '86

TUESDAY, JUNE 24, 1986 The Tech PAGE 5

(Editor's note: The following is thetext of the commencement speech deliv-ered by William R. Hewlett SM '36 toAlIT's 120th graduating class. The speechis entitled "Random Thoughts on Creati-vity."

It's a very great pleasure to be with youthis morning, particularly because it'sbeen exactly 50 years since I walkedacross this stage and was given a piece ofpaper that said I was a master of science.In those 50 years, I have been intimatelyassociated with the creative process thatis so important to our modern, high-technology culture. I felt it might be ap-propriate, therefore, to share with yousome random thoughts on creativity andits importance in today's society.

When I was preparing this address, I-happened to ask Chuck House, whoheads our engineering productivity pro-gram, what he thought about creativity.With a twinkle in his eye, Chuck said,"Creativity is what screws up my engi-neering program." Unfortunately, there ismuch truth in that statement.

Thomas Edison is alleged to have re-marked about his laboratory, "Thereain't no rules around here. We're tryingto accomplish something."

I cite these two comments because theysay a great deal about the creative pro-cess. It works best when it is not toostructured, but it must, in the long run,be tamed, harnessed and hitched to thewagon of man's needs.

But first let me set a background forthis country's renewed interest in innova-tion and creativity. By 1983, it was in-creasingly evident that we were losing thecompetitive edge that for so long hadcharacterized the American Economy. Tobetter understand this problem, PresidentReagan created a high level commissionof distinguished business leaders andeducators to "...review means of in-creasing the long-term competitiveness ofUnited -States industry at home andabroad, with particular emphasis on hightechnology. . ."

After an in-depth study, the commis-sion concluded that we are not meetingthe competitive challenge well enough. Itstated, "Our ability to compete in worldmarkets is eroding. Growth in US pro-ductivity lags far behind that of our for-eign competitors. Real hourly compensa-tion of our work force is no longerimproving. US leadership in world tradeis declining. Finally, pre-tax rates of re-turn on assets invested in manufacturingdiscourage investments in this vital coreof our economy."

One of the commission's primary rec-ommendations was to "Cregte, apply andprotect technology. Innovation spurs newindustries and revives mature ones. Tech-nological advances lead to improved pro-ductivity, an essential ingredient for ourstandard of living."

In essence, this recommendation wastwo-fold - to create technology and im-prove productivity.

How do I define- creativity? NobelPrize winner Albert Szent-Gyorgyi pro-vided a good working definition when hesaid, "Discovery consists of looking atthe same thing as everyone else andthinking something different." I thinkthat is a good enough summary to covermuch of what I want to comment on.

The trouble is that creativity is really apoly-faceted discipline.

Trying to describe it in detail remindsme of the story of the three blind menwho attempted to describe an elephantsolely by their sense of feel. One exploredthe trunk. One discovered the tusks. Thethird explored the animal's enormousfeet. But none really had a good pictureof what the whole animal looked like. Iwould like to describe my "elephant" -creativity - as I have had a chance toobserve it over these years.

First, let me make one general com-ment about creative people. Education isnot a sine qua non for being creative.

A case in point is that of a most suc-cessful engineer who worked for Hewlett-Packard company for many years. De-spite the fact that he had completed onlyone year of college, he was one of themost creative people I've known. Youcould present Larry with the most diffi-cult problems and he'd come up with in-genious solutions. He had the ability toisolate the essence of the problem and at-tack it with vigor. It was such a pleasureto talk with him about his work - hejust bubbled over with enthusiasm. Manyof his ideas are still incorporated in anumber of important products we manu-facture.

It is very difficult to spot a creative in-dividual just by looking at a resume.Psychologists can't even agree on how tomeasure this characteristic, let alone pre-dict who will display it. Establishing anenvironment that fosters creativity andobserving who flourishes is probably thebest way of finding this elusive character-istic.

I'd like to distinguish between twokinds of creativity. One is spontaneous,in which an 'individual sees a completeand elegant solution to an interestingproblem.

The other I call "creativity on de-mand," in which specific objectives areestablished and must be met, but with agreat deal of flexibility in how the resultsare to be achieved.

Both types of successful innovatorsshare many common traits. Creative peo-ple have an abiding curiosity and an insa-

tiable desire to learn how and why thingswork. They take nothing for granted.They are interested in things aroundthem and tend to stow away bits andpieces of information in their minds forfuture use. And, they have a great abilityto mobilize their thinking and exper-iences for use in solving a new problem.

Problems, however, are rarely solvedon the spur of the moment. They mustbe organized and dissected, then key is-sues isolated and defined. A period ofgestation then sets in, during which theseissues are mulled over. You put them inyour mind and consciously or uncon-sciously work at them at odd hours ofthe day or night - even at work. It issomewhat analagous to trying to place aname on the face of someone you've metbefore. Often the solution to a problemcomes to you in much the same way youeventually recall the name.

There is a sub-class of creative individ-uals that not only has the ability to seethings around them, but also to note thatwhich differs from the norm.

A good example is Sir Arthur Fleming,who discovered penicillin. His story is fa-miliar to many of you.

He first noted that when a mold hadlanded on a culture dish with colonies ofStaphylococci, the colonies adjacent tothe mold were killed. Many other scien-tists may have had this same problem butit was simply passed by. In fact, Fleminghimself remembered such a previous oc-curence, but this time became more inter-ested and concluded that the mold musthave secreted something that was toxic tothe bacteria and, if so, that "something"might be beneficial in the treatment ofhuman infection. Thus, the drug penicil-lin was born.

I have observed the same creative phe-nomenon and the same questioning minda number of times. A few years ago, ayoung British engineer who was workingfor us wvas investigating the characteris-tics of a new semiconductor device. Itperformed basically as expected in all thetests, but Frank noted that there seemedto be an excess of "noise" in his mea-surements.

He completed his project, but was stillcurious. He decided to look into thesource of this excess noise. With the aidof a newly developed measurement tech-nique, he discovered that the "noise" wasin fact a very high order harmonic train- in a sense, an electrical analog of awater hammer. This proved to be a veryimportant discovery for certain nanose-cond measurements. In fact, it madepractical the very technology that wasused to identify it.

Intellectual curiosity is a great sourceof creativity. An example of this is dem-onstrated by Nobel Prize winner Luis Al-varez, a long-time member of the Hew-lett-Packard Board of Directors. Whilevisiting Egypt, Luis became interested inthe fact that no major burial chamberhad been found in the pyramid ofKhephren and began to muse about howone might determine if such a chamberdid exist. Luis was familiar with cosmicrays and knew they might be suitable forX-raying the pyramid.

Careful investigation led him to con-clude that if he had been asked to designa proper radiation source for this pur-pose, it would have been the Mu Meson,an important component of cosmic raysemitted by the sun. It exactly fitted theneed.

An added bonus was the fact that un-der the pyramid was a chamber that ex-tended the full length of the base, inwhich he could locate his "film;" that is,a series of detectors that could measurethe stregth of the Mu Meson, as well astheir direction of arrival.

With these thoughts in mind, he wentto the chancellor of U.C. Berkeley who,on the basis of Luis's analyses, provideda small amount of money to carry out'the experiment. I mention this because itis a good example of how a little effortcan encourage a creative person. Thisstudy was not a normal function of aphysics department, nor was financing itthat easy. It was just a fascinating subjectthat the Chancellor thought might add toman's knowledgq of the past.

Luis also received the enthusiastic sup-port of the Egyptian government and theexperiment, in due course, was carriedout. No chamber was discovered, yet theexperiment was successful because Luiswas able to prove that there was no suchchamber.

Another example is that of an HP sci-entist who was a specialist in designingquartz crystals used to generate extremelyaccurate time standards. The accuracy ofsuch reference crystals is very sensitive tochanges in temperature and mechanicalforce. Much of the existing technologiesused to stabilize these crystals has to dowith minimizing the effects of these twovariables.

Don took the opposite view. Hethought, why not use the intrinsic sensi-tivity to temperature as a way to providea digital measure of temperature? Nor-mally the frequency change was not a lin-ear function of temperature, but Don de-vised a technique to linearize thisrelationship to about a tenth of a degreeover a range from -40 to 200 degrees cel-sius, and with a resolution of about tenthousandths of a degree.

A major advantage of this techniquewas that the sensing element could be lo-cated as far as 10,000 feet from this mea-suring instrument, with no loss in accura-

cy. often than not, it is bypassed with a com-In similar fashion, he produced a promise solution I like to call a "hot

quartz transducer that operated at pres- patch." If there are too many of thesesures up to ten thousand pounds per "hot patches," you'll probably wind upsquare inch with an accuracy of about a with a very cumbersome solution to thetwentieth of a PSI and a resolution of a problem.thousandth of a PSI. My company often employs retired en-

This device has been used extensively gineers or scientists on a part-time con-in oceanographic studies and for measur- suiting basis. One such was Harald Friising differential pressures in oil fields to of Bell Labs. I'm sure some of the elec-determine the best pumping strategy. trical engineers in this audience are fa-

Basically, I've been talking 'about cre- miliar with his book on antenna design.ativity applied to research-type situa- Harald and his wife would come totions. Let me now turn to the develop- California during the winter months andment phase, the "create on demand" type spend time in Palo Alto. Harald enjoyedof creativity. Here, creativity's role is visiting with our engineers in the labora-slightly different, as mentioned earlier. tories. Frankly, he didn't know beansThere is now a clearly defined objective about modern transistor circuitry, but heand the job is to find a way to meet that knew how to think about the develop-goal. ment process and he loved to work with

This is the type of creativity about engineers who felt that they had reachedwhich much has been written, primarily a dead end on a project.because there are techniques to stimulate He could get them to step back andand enhance it. One book on the subject view their work as a whole. He wouldI greatly enjoyed was "Conceptual Block- ask, "What are you really trying to do?busting" by James L. Adams. His title Are you on the right track, but feel yousuggests that we all suffer from mental have too many hot patches?" or, "areblocks that stand in the way of solving you really on the wrong track and needthe problem at hand. These might be to make a fresh start?" This can be theemotional blocks such as fear of failure, toughest judgement call a developmentfrustration or too much or too little mo- engineer may have to make. Harald wastivation. They may be perceptual blocks just wonderful in helping our engineerssuch as using incorrect information or reach this critical decision. He had a waythe wrong method, or not using all your of making a person see things in perspec-senses. Quite often, they are culture tive and the engineers just loved him.blocks which sometimes can be the har- We always try to encourage this kinddest to overcome. of interaction in the labs between genera-

I think this is an area in which younger tions because experienced engineers canpeople have a tremendous advantage, be very helpful in the developmental pro-since, as you well know, they have an en- cess. In this exchange of ideas, I have of-dearing habit of always questioning past ten seen younger researchers learn newwisdom and authority. ways to harness and use their creative in-

They say to themselves that there must stincts.be a better way. Ninety-nine times out of In practice, spontaneous creativity anda hundred, they discover that the exist- the normal development process are of-ing, traditional way is the best. But it is ten intertwined and may, in fact, seem tothat one percent that counts. That is how conflict. Witness Chuck House's com-progress is made. ments, referred to earlier.

A wonderful example of the desire to There is a time and place for creativity,break out of the rigid tradition of the but in the developmental process, timingpast would be that of the French impres- sometimes outweighs technical innova-sionist painters during the latter part of tions. It all comes back to the questionthe- last century. The most important of how often you can change course andworks of these painters had been ex- still make forward progress. It is simplycluded from the salons, held in paris a matter of judgement.nearly every year under the auspices of I remember when we were trying toLes Academie Des Beaux-Arts. The salon bring out our first scientific desktop cal-juries refused their works because they culator. Integrated circuits were just be-did not follow the tradition of the Acad- ing introduced and we had to decideemy schools. whether to delay the entry of the product

Finally, in 1874, the impressionists, so that we might use IC's or go aheadmany of them in their twenties and thir- and introduce it with a primative, butties, banded together to share the costs proven, read-only-memory device. Weof exhibiting their own controversial chose the latter. Timing was the domi-works. A series of eight of these impres- nant factor and not the "niceness" of thesionist exhibits were held, and by 1886, solution.the impressionist school was well estab- I've talked enough about the creativelished and recognized. process in the R&D phase. Now, let's

But to return now to the mundane look at how creativity can help increaseworld of R&D. . . productivity and improve quality. This

Projects do not always progress at a challenge clearly defined by the findingssteady, uniform rate. Sometimes progress of the President's commission that I men-is stymied by a very difficult problem. tioned earlier. Modemrn technology mustThe problem might be overcome by a be used to improve productivity. We needclear, technical breakthrough, but more the same creative effort in the production

Text of President Gray's(Continued from page 5)

saved, I was tempted to extend my re-marks, but on this day I - like you -take my marching orders from the Com-mencement Committee. And so I will bebrief and, if I may, a bit more serious inthese final remarks to you.

While your horizons may seem limit-less at the moment, the world you enteris, in many ways, much smaller than theworld of your ancestors. In recent dec-ades, time and space have become com-pressed - the result, in large measure, ofscientific advances and technological in-novation. I think particularly of the in-fluence of electronics and physics on in-ternational securitv and communication.Today we are able to speak, hear, see,and reach across vast distances, even intospace. We push time around in our trav-els. And the consequences of each actreach further and faster than ever before.

Contrast this with the state of theworld at the time of this country's found-ing - just two centuries ago. In thespring of 1775, there was a battle involv-ing fewer than two hundred men on Lex-ington Common in Massachusetts. Short-ly after that, there was another battle innearby Concord. Out of those battles be-gan a war for independence that changedforever the nature of this continent,changed forever the nature of the rela-tionship between the individual and thestate, and changed forever the relation-ships among nations.

But is was more than two months be-fore the House of Commons in Londonlearned that anything had happened.

Now consider our circumstances today.In the spring of 1986, something occursin Chernobyl. in Soweto, or in Libyaand, if we don't see it happening live ontelevision, we surely see it replayed andanalyzed on that evening's news. This in-stantaneous quality of communicationabout events, about ideas - is a productof technologically-driven change. At thesame time, it is an engine of change - aspeople and governments act and react ona time scale that would have been impos-sible two hundred, even fifty years ago.

I was struck by a recent essay in TheNew Yorker. The author, commenting onthe waves of fear generated by politicalclashes halfway around the globe, said:

"We know that a universal geography,discovered by modern physics, cancelsout the human, earthly geography thathas always given us our feeling of safety.In the scale of the new geography, inwhich distance is measured in light-years,and explosive power is measured in mil-lions of tons of TNT, blue oceans losetheir immensity, and the earth itselfshrinks to the size of a pea. In the scaleof that geography, which is the essentialgeography of our time, the boat thatburns in the water. .. is no farther awayfrom us than the television screen in ourliving room which shows us the scene."

This compression of time and spacewill require of you - more than any pre-vious generation - an ability to take thelong view in your personal and profes-sional decisions: a perspective which em-braces contrasting values and cultures,which unites an understanding of thecontemporary scene with a sense of histo-ry, and which keeps faith with humanpotential. When space and time were vir-tually unlimited, there was, on the onehand, more time for thoughtful consider-ation of alternative courses of action,and on the other, less urgency for peopleto evaluate their acts in terms of distantcountries or later generations. Now thisperspective - this long view - must beconstantly before us, must be part of us,for we know that what we do today willaffect not only our contemporaries nearand far, but tomorrow's children as well.

The right decisions will not always beobvious, will not always be easy. But thechoices you make in your life will besounder if you can bring them the sensethat knowing why is as important asknowing how.

I hope that your years at MIT havegiven you some of this wisdom. I do notpretend that an MIT education - anycollege education - can give you morethan you bring to it yourself. You are agreat company of ambitious, intellectual-ly curious, witty, even charming, highachievers - and you learn as much fromeach other as you do from your faculty.If we have been able to help you continueto learn and build on your God-given tal-ents, and to expand the universe of yourintellect and feelings, then we have doneour job.

Perhaps the best way for me to explain

process that we now lavish on the devel-opment phase. We must start by havingproductivity and quality as objective inthe research and development process.Productivity must be designed into pro-ducts - not added at a later date. Quali-ty cannot be "inspected in."

There is already a great deal of tech-nology readily available that can be usedto improve quality and manufacturabilityof a product. In many cases, however,US industries are not taking advantage ofthis knowledge, although much of itoriginated in the US we need new ideasand new leadership in this quest. Here,the universities have a very real responsi-bility. I don't mean that they should goback to teaching forging, foundry, ma-chine shop and drafting, subjects that Ihad to take as an engineering student.

But our universities do need to providea theoretical base for quality and efficien-cy in the manufacturing process. I wasdelighted to learn that this trend is al-ready under way at this institution. But,after all, what else would you expect?

I hope I've made it clear that creativitywill play a vital and critical role in ourincreasingly high tech society. Our com-pany's president, John Young, puts it thisway: "Creativity is the only Americancompetitive advantage left." Industry isgoing to have to make some drasticchanges in how it views the importanceof the research and development pro-gram and the necessity of increasing pro-ductivity. Changes are never easy tomake. There is comfort and safety in tra-dition, but change must come, no matterhow painful or expensive it may be.

Frm standpoint, this situation isanything but bleak. Personal advance-ment in a static company or a static in-dustry can be slow and difficult. Change,however, opens cracks in the most mono-lithic structures. It presents a period ofgreat opportunity, for this is the timewhen the best and the most creativeminds will be sought out and placed inpositions of key responsibility.

In the high-tech field, top leadership isalways looking for good minds, high en-ergy levels and a willingness to accept re-sponsibility. In fact, our company is sodependent on creativity that we are stillemphasizing the recruitment of engineer-ing graduates, even though a hiringfreeze is in effect for the rest of the com-pany.

It may well turn out that the presentperiod will be looked back on as one ofunprecedented opportunity for the scien-tifically minded. I hope so. I wish yousuccess, happiness and great bursts ofcreativity in all of your endeavors.

addressmy hopes for you is to recall one of ourgraduates who was a shining example ofthe extraordinary quality we have cometo expect of those who have been part ofMIT. I speak of Ronald E. MeNair -one of the Challenger astronauts, whoreceived his doctorate in physics fromMIT just nine years ago. Ron's life wasone of stellar achievement, bright prom-ise, and clear vision. Speaking of hisview of the earth from space - and he,if anyone, had a long view - he said:

"Truly there is no more beautiful sightthan to see the earth from space beyond.This planet is an exquisite oasis. Warmthemanates from the earth when you lookat her from space.... My wish is thatwe would allow this planet to be thebeautiful oasis that she is, and allow our-selves to live more in the peace that shegenerates."

Ron gave much of himself to MIT andto the people of MIT, and he was a sym-bol to a whole generation of young peo-ple around the nation of the best quali-ties that I can hope for you. In February,the MIT family came together to remem-ber and to honor him. 1 am pleased to-day to report another form of recogni-tion which we are privileged to give. Thismorning, the governing board of the In-stitute voted to name the building thathouses MIT's Center for Space Researchafter Ronald E. McNair.

The faculty, students, and staff in thisCenter are dedicated to exploring spaceand understanding the cosmos, and noth-ing could be more fitting than to haveRon's name - and his spirit - associat-ed with that mission and this campus.The McNair Building will stand as a per-manent reminder to future generations atMIT of the grace and significance of ex-traordinary achievement tempered by anuncommon wisdom and an abiding loveof humankind.

I- could wish no better model for you.As you undertake this next stage in yourlives, I wish for you a life that is rich inopportunities to stretch your talents,your interests, your imagination, andyour vision of this small planet as abeautiful oasis .. . generating peace.

And as you depart from this specialplace, I wish you good luck and God-speed.

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~ia· , Attention:Lilving Grou psand Student Activities

w ould like to take this opportuntity toremind all living groups and studentactivities that MIT will be receiving

I some "immigrants" next fall. They willcome because of a-dream - a promise of a better future. All they will bring with themis a satchel.* with-a week's supply of clothing and a copy of The Tech.

We are pleased to anrnounce a special R/O Week advertising rate of $2.90 percolumn-inch for MIT-recognized living groups, student activities, and athletic groups.This special rate represents a substantial savings over the usual rate for MIT studentactivities and is less than half the non-MIT rate. There is no better way to attract thesenew students to your activities than through The Tech, especially at a time whenthey're still reading everything they can get their hands on.

We can typeset your advertisement for an additional 20 percent, and our staff canhelp you design your ad for another small hourly fee. Color is also available for the July15 and August 29 issues. Please contact our office if you have any questions, ask forShari or Ronald. If no one is in, leave a message and we will get back to you.

$ probably a graduation present from their grandparents.

This rate is available only on the dates listed below,and only to MIT-recognized activities, living groups,and teams.Tuesday, July 15 ...................... I* ** *** ** Issue mailed to freshmen

R/O Week Publication Schedule:Friday, August 29. ................... ................... ... Freshman Picnic

Tuesday, September 2 ................... ............. First housing assignmentsGraduate student orientation begins

Friday, September 5 ................... ............... Final limbo assignments

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MM PAGE 8 The Tech TUESDAY, JUNE 24, 1986