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. Отзывна автореферат диссертации Макарова Дмитрия Юрьевича

«Уголовно-правовая охрана конституционных прав, связанных с получением вознаграждения за труд и социальных выплат», представленной на соискание

ученой степени кандидата юридических наук по специальности 12.00.08 - Уголовное право и криминология; уголовно-исполнительное право (Саратов, 2016, 34 с.)

Актуальность диссертационного исследования Макарова Дмитрия Юрьевича не

вызывает сомнений. В ст. 37 Конституции РФ сказано, что каждый имеет право на

вознаграждение за труд без какой бы то ни было дискриминации и не ниже

установленного федеральным законом минимального размера оплаты труда. В условиях

сложившейся в настоящее время в России нестабильной экономической ситуации, как

справедливо отмечает автор, важнейшее значение приобретает проблема эффективного

обеспечения социально-экономический прав подавляющего большинства. Между тем, в

уголовно-правовой литературе и практике существует немало, требующих решения

вопросов в понимании объективных и субъективных признаков такого преступления как

невыплата заработной платы, пенсий, стипендий, пособий и иных выплат.

Работа состоит из двух глав. Первая глава посвящена выявлению юридических и

социальных предпосылок для охраны конституционных прав на получение

вознаграждения за труд и социальных выплат уголовно-правовыми средствами. Вторая

глава - анализу объективных и субъективных критериев основания уголовно-правовой

охраны этих прав, вопросам ее дифференциации и реализации в рамках правоприменения.

Структура работы, обусловленная целью и задачами диссертационного исследования,

представляется логичной. Несомненным достоинством работы является то, что автор не

ограничился уголовно-правовой характеристикой преступления, но и рассмотрел санкцию

нормы, предусмотренной ст. 145.1 УК РФ, внес предложения по ее совершенствованию. В

результате исследования была сформулирована теоретическая модель уголовно-правовой

охраны конституционных прав граждан на получение вознаграждения за труд и

социальных выплат. В основе работы лежит внушительный эмпирический материал; в

частности, диссертант опросил 96 помощников прокуроров, следователей Следственного

Комитета РФ, судей, преподавателей вузов, 165 человек, работающих по найму, изучил

материалы 95 уголовных дел, возбужденных по ст. 145.1 УК РФ. Выводы и предложения

автора достаточно апробированы. Основные положения, выводы и предложения,

сформулированные в диссертационном исследовании, нашли свое отражение в научных

статьях, докладывались на научных конференциях.

Из автореферата видно, что Д.Ю. Макаров, изучив нормативно-правовые акты,

литературные источники, материалы судебной практики, обосновал ряд положений,

обладающих научной новизной и имеющих практическое значение. К числу таких

положений относятся следующие выводы и предложения автора: преступное деяние,

предусмотренное ст. 145.1 УК РФ выражается в бездействии, что обусловлено

содержанием охраняемых правоотношений; круг субъектов преступления,

предусмотренного ст. 145.1 УК РФ, следует дополнить учредителями (участниками)

организации, имеющими возможность давать руководителю распоряжения, обязательные

для исполнения; в целях обеспечения надлежащей уголовно-правовой охраны прав

граждан на получение заработной платы и социальных выплат необходимо исключить из

диспозиции нормы, предусмотренной ст. 145.1 УК РФ, указание на корыстную или иную

личную заинтересованность; в ст. 145.1 УК РФ необходимо указать срок частичной

невыплаты - «свыше двух месяцев», а полной невыплаты - «свыше одного месяца»;

необходимо сформулировать открытую перечневую дефиницию тяжких последствий,

приведя некоторые возможные и примерно равные по степени общественной опасности

варианты их проявлении. Небезынтересна и редакция ст. 145.1 УК РФ, предлагаемая

автором. В отзыве можно было бы привести и другие положения автореферата,

заслуживающие внимания и поддержки. Однако считаем, что и сказанного достаточно,

чтобы сделать вывод о диссертации Д.Ю. Макарова как об исследовании, творчески

решающем сложные вопросы уголовно-правовой науки.

Следует отметить, что в целом цель и задачи диссертационного исследования,

поставленные автором, достигнуты.

Вместе с тем, некоторые положения автореферата диссертации являются

дискуссионными. Так, автор утверждает, что при совершении преступления,

предусмотренного ст. 145.1 УК РФ, преступное воздействие осуществляется на

заработную плату и иные предусмотренные законом социальные платежи, в связи с

невыплатой которых обязанное к тому лицо посягает на общественные отношения,

составляющие основной непосредственный объект уголовно-правовой охраны. Полагаем,

что при изложенном автором подходе понимания предмета преступления, заработная

плата и иные социальные выплаты не могут выступать в качестве такового. Сложно

согласиться с суждением автора, что при совершении преступления, предусмотренного ст.

145.1 УК РФ, субъект воздействует на заработную плату и иные социальные выплаты.

Воздействует виновный в этом случае на право лица на вознаграждение за труд, нарушая

которое, причиняет вред общественным отношениям, возникающим по поводу него.

Высказанное замечание не влияет на общую исключительно положительную

оценку диссертационного исследования. Диссертация соответствует требованиям

Положения о порядке присуждения ученых степеней, утвержденного постановлением

Правительства РФ от 24.09.2013 № 842, а ее автор - Макаров Дмитрий Юрьевич -

заслуживает присуждения ученой степени кандидата юридических наук по специальности

12.00.08 - Уголовное право и криминология; уголовно-исполнительное право.

Заведующий кафедрой уголовного права Юридического институтаФГАОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет»,доктор юридических наук, профессор, Специальность 12.00.08 - уголовное право и криминология;

лисеев Сергей Александрович

634050, Томскпроспект Ленина, 36корпус № 4, кафедра уголовного п]ugolovnoetgu@mail .ru тел. 8 (3822) 78 35 80

ОТЗЫВ

на автореферат диссертации Макарова Дмитрия Юрьевича «Уголовно-правовая охрана конституционных прав, связанных с получением вознаграждения за труд и социальных выплат», представленной на соискание ученой степени кандидата юридических наук по специальностям: 12.00.08 - уголовное право и криминология; уголовно-исполнительное право.

Актуальность исследований выполненной научно-исследовательской работы не вызывает сомнений. Как отмечает сам автор с начала 2016 г. по стране прокатилась волна резонансных сообщений о фактах массовых невыплат заработной платы. В глубоком научном осмыслении нуждаются факторы, обусловливающие выбор режима уголовно-правовой охраны конституционных прав на получение заработной платы и социальных выплат. Недостаточно изучены объективные и субъективные составляющие основания их уголовно-правовой охраны.

Основная цель диссертационной работы Дмитрия Юрьевича состояла в формировании теоретической модели уголовно-правовой охраны конституционных прав, связанных с получением вознаграждения за труд и социальных выплат, включающую обоснование выбора режима уголовно-правовой охраны данных конституционных прав, ее основания, дифференциации и реализации, и с учетом содержания указанной модели разработать предложения по совершенствованию уголовного законодательства и правоприменительной практики.

Соискателем проведены комплексные исследования, которые позволили автору определить нормативную основу юридического обеспечения конституционных прав, связанных с получением вознаграждения за труд и социальных выплат; выявить общественную опасность невыплаты заработной платы и социальных платежей; на основе анализа охранительного потенциалы различных отраслей российского права сформировать оптимальную дифференциацию уголовно-правовой охраны права на вознаграждение за труд и социальные выплаты. Это позволило соискателю выработать предложения, направленные на совершенствование уголовного законодательства в исследованной сфере и практики его применения.

Научная новизна представленной работы заключается в формировании автором теоретической модели уголовно-правовой охраны конституционных прав граждан на получение вознаграждения за труд и социальных выплат, базирующаяся на уголовно-правовой задаче по охране наиболее значимых для общества объектов и включающая в себя обоснование выбора режима уголовно-правовой охраны указанных прав, ее основания, дифференциации и реализации.

Практическая значимость диссертационной работы заключается в том, что полученные результаты могут быть использованы в

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