Roosevelt & ProgressivismThe Progressive Era

Chapter 22, Section 1

Essential Questions:

• What were the goals of the Progressive Movement?

• How did Teddy Roosevelt’s “Square Deal” impact the United States?

• What reforms were achieved by the Progressives?

Nellie Bly (Muckraker)

• Newspaper Journalist for the NY World

• Faked Being Mentally ill

• Uncovered Patients Being Choked & Beaten in Mental Asylums

Nellie Bly

• Also Wrote About & Exposed:– Slums

– Poor Working Conditions in Factories

– Problems in Prisons

– Treatment of the Elderly in Nursing Homes

Problems Caused by Industrialization &

Urbanization

Problems Caused by Industrialization &

Urbanization

Progressivism

• Reform Movement to Attack Problems in Society

• Started by Native Born & Middle Class Americans

• Believed in the Power of Democracy

Muckrakers• Writers &

Photographers that Exposed Corruption in American Society (Early 1900’s)

• Created Public Demand for Reform (Upset the Public)

• Jacob Riis, Lewis Hine, Ida B. Wells

Lewis Hines’ Famous Pics

Ida Tarbell• Female Muckraker

• Wrote a Book Attacking John D. Rockefeller’s Use of UnfairUnfair Tactics to Force Smaller Companies Out of Business

• Exposed the Evils of Monopolies & Trusts

3 Basic Goals of the Progressives:

• Reform the Government & Expand Democracy (Political)

• Promote the Social Welfare of the People (Social)

• Create Economic Reform (Economic)

What is Patronage?

• Patronage is Giving Out Jobs to Friends of Yours in Government or Business

Pendleton Civil Service Act (1883)

• Law Intended to Stop Patronage

• Made People Take Exams to Get a Job in Government

• Can’t Fire Employees for Political Reasons– You Can’t Fire

Workers Because You Don’t Like Them or Their Beliefs

Progressive Goal #1:

Reform the Government & Expand Democracy

Direct Primary

• Citizens Can Now VOTEVOTE for Candidates to Run for Office

• For Democrats 2008 Obama/Clinton/Biden

• For Republicans 2012 McCain/Giuliani/Romney

• Party Conventions Used to Pick Who Would Run (Never the Citizens)

Initiative

• Allows for Voters to PROPOSEPROPOSE a Law Directly

• Voters Can Propose (Create) a Law for the Town/State/ Country to Vote On

• Driving Age/ Drinking Age/ Lights on the Track

Referendum• A Proposed Law

(Initiative) That is Voted on by the People

• School Budgets Are Referendums:– People Vote on

Them Annually

• The Roof/Track/ Lights Were Voted On by the Town

Recall• Allows Voters to

Vote An Official OUTOUT of Office

• Governor of California Was RECALLED by Voters:– Arnold Took Over!

• You Can VOTE OUT the 8th Grade Officers if You Wanted Through a RECALLRECALL! JK!

Progressive Goal #2:Promoting the Social Welfare(Helping Citizens of the U.S)

• Address Problems Such As:– Poverty– Unemployment– Poor Working

Conditions/Low Pay

– Child Labor, Etc…

• Jane Addams – The Hull House

Settlement Houses• Settlement Houses

Helped the Poor Improve Their Lives:– Provided Daycare– Allowed Parents to

Work– Provided Education– Taught English Classes

to Immigrants– Offered Health Care to

the Poor

• Most Famous Settlement House was the Hull House

Jane Addams• Jane Addams is the

Founder of the HULL HOUSE!

• Dedicated Her Life to Helping the Poor

• The Hull House is the Most Famous Settlement House

• Founded in Chicago (1889)

The Hull House

Florence Kelley

• Worked at the Hull House with Jane Addams

• Fought for Higher Minimum Wages

• Fought for Limiting How Many Hours Women Can Work

Temperance/Prohibition• Reformers Who

Wanted to Outlaw Alcohol

• Felt Alcohol Was Ruining Peoples Lives

Progressive Goal #3:Economic Reform

• Monopolies & Trusts Were VERY Powerful!

• Rockefeller, Carnegie, Gould & Other Robber Barons Created Trusts

• Trusts: – Purchasing Stock of

Your Competitor in the Same Industry

– Create a Monopoly– Raise Prices & Make

More $$$

Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)

• Law Passed in 1890 Made Trusts ILLEGALILLEGAL!

• U.S. Did NOTNOT Enforce the Law in the 1890’s

• Robber Barons Were NERVOUS NERVOUS – Lose $$$ if There

is Competition

Teddy Roosevelt• Famous for Being a

War Hero in the Spanish American War (Cuba)

• Was a Rough Rider

• Energetic/Good Speaker/Strong/ Active/Outdoorsman People Loved Him!

Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt

• Was William McKinley’s Vice President in 1900

• McKinley Was Assassinated Just 6 Months After Becoming President

• Roosevelt Became the Youngest President of the U.S. at Age 42

• The 11stst Progressive Progressive President

Roosevelt Attacks the Trusts!

“When I say I believe in a square deal I do not mean, and nobody who speaks the truth can mean, that he believes it possible to give every man the best hand. If the cards do not come to any man, or if they do come, and he has not got the power to play them, that is his affair. All I mean is that there shall not be any crookedness in the dealing.”

» Theodore Roosevelt, Speech on April 5th, 1905

The Square Deal• What Did Teddy

Roosevelt Believe When He Said, “I I Believe in a Square Believe in a Square DealDeal?”

• Government Should Act Like an Umpire

• Purpose of Government is to Ensure “Fairness” for ALLALL Americans

Teddy Roosevelt: Trustbuster

• Roosevelt Wanted to Break Up ALL of the Trusts!

• He Used the Sherman Anti-Trust Act to Do It

• No One Had Followed the Law! (Until Roosevelt)

• Roosevelt Broke Up 1st the Railroads Trusts, Rockefeller’s Oil Trust & Tobacco Trusts!– Broke Up 4444 in Total!

Upton SinClair’s The Jungle

• Muckraker Who Wrote The Jungle

• Book Exposed the Problems of the Meat Packing Industry

• Absolutely Gross!

Meat Packing Industry

Impact of Upton Sinclair’sThe Jungle

• Meat Inspection Meat Inspection ActAct::– Government Inspects

All Meat Sold to the Public

• Pure Food & Drug Pure Food & Drug Act (FDA):Act (FDA):– Agency That Inspects

All Food & Medicines

• The JungleThe Jungle – Huge Positive (+) Impact

Square Deal For African Americans?

• Roosevelt Believed Discrimination & Segregation was WRONG!

• Roosevelt Did Nothing for Civil Rights– Why NOTNOT?

• Feared Southern Congressman Would Block Laws in Congress (Hurt Progressive Era)

Conservation

• Protecting the Environment & Our Use of Natural Resources

• Roosevelt LOVEDLOVED the Environment

• John Muir Was a Muckraker for the Environment

Roosevelt’s Accomplishments

for the Environment:

• Preserved Over 200 Million Acres of Public Land in the United States

• Established the U.S.’s First Wildlife Refuge at Pelican Island, Florida

• Doubled (2x) the Amount of National Parks in the U.S.

The Antiquities Act

Essential Questions:

• What were the goals of the Progressive Movement?

• How did Teddy Roosevelt’s “Square Deal” impact the United States?

• What reforms were achieved by the Progressives?