road map for developing transport in sri lanka · pdf file16.02.2006 · road map...
TRANSCRIPT
Road Map for Developing Transport in Sri Lanka
Seminar Organized by the
Chamber of Construction Industry
Amal S. Kumarage
Professor/Head, Transportation Engineering Division
University of Moratuwa
16th February 2006, Colombo
Infrastructure……..
� …. is defined as services and facilities
that are available for common utilization
� ….. is neither physically feasible nor cost
effective to be individually owned for
personal consumption.
Efficient and reliable physical
infrastructure is……
� ……essential for the economic and social
development, whether at the village, provincial,
national or international level and the
integration thereof….integration thereof….
� ……..the essential nature of much of these
facilities and associated services lies not in
their direct consumption but in the
opportunities they provide in accessing and
developing potential economic, social and
welfare opportunities….
Sri Lanka- best in transport
networks in SAARC…?
Road Density Rail Density
Country km per sq
km
km per 1000
population
km per sq
km
km per 1000
population Nepal 0.13 0.71 Pakistan 0.33 1.73 0.010 0.052 Pakistan 0.33 1.73 0.010 0.052 Bangladesh 0.95 1.01 0.019 0.021 Bhutan 0.20 5.71 Maldives India 1.01 2.78 0.019 0.053 Sri Lanka 1.61 5.53 0.024 0.081
PS/ In addition Sri Lanka also has the highest ratio of buses per capita in the region
The transport sector how it really works!
� Passengers• Buses Carry 68% (good network, adequate supply but poor
quality, poor regulation & institutional capacity, private sector showing monopolistic behaviour, State sector poor management & dominated by trade unions)
• Railways Carry 05% (good network, inadequate rolling stock, track needs re-investment, poor commercial orientation, track needs re-investment, poor commercial orientation, unreliable due to disruption by trade union actions)
• Private Vehicles Carry 26% (rapid growth, road investment not keeping pace, low speeds & congestion, high energy consumption, accidents & pollution levels a concern, no plan to manage private vehicle growth)
� Goods__________________________________ • Trucks Carry 97% (largely informal sector, low loads, high
over loadings, low cost recovery and high external costs)
• Railways Carry 2% (only few commodities to few destinations, not competitive on speed and where double handling occurs.
Economic Parameters of Transport-2003
� Direct Operating Costs -Rs 208 bn
(Cost of Fuel in transport -Rs 82 bn)
� Cost of Externalities -Rs 28 bn� Cost of Externalities -Rs 28 bn
� Cost of Time in Travel (uncongested)-Rs 77 bn
� Govt. Expenditure -Rs 20 bn
� Govt. Income -Rs 24 bn
What transport sector interventions
are needed for………………
• Rural Development
• Urban Development
• Regional Development
• Industrial
• Tourism
• Alleviating Pockets of Poverty
Transport for Rural Development
Some aspects considered
� Rural Roads
� Rural Bus Services
� Supply Chain for Agricultural Produce
Improving Quality of Rural Roads….
� Moratorium on New Rural Roads??• No Treasury funds for new Rural Roads?
� Model for ensuring sustainability• funding•• funding• management • technology
� Set Minimum levels of accessibility• at prescribed levels of mobility
� Set plan for improving quality of roads for mobility• With traffic levels
Roads are not enough we need to Improve
Quality of Rural Bus Services
Passenger Feedback indicates
Attributes of Service Desired Rank Average Score
(from 100)
Loading Level 10
42.4
Condition of Bus Stops 9
49.1 8
Waiting Time for Bus 8
49.4
Time taken for Journey 7
56.8
Condition of Bus 6
58.1
Acceptability of Bus Fare 5
59.9
Ticket Issuing 4
71.0
Morning, Night & School Services 3
75.9
Bus Conductor’s Behavior 2
76.0
Bus Driver’s Behavior 1
78.2
Gami Saeriya
A Sustainable Rural Bus Program
� Objective: To initiate reliable, rural bus services to developing areas where losses are subsidized by Government.
� Method: • To entertain requests for rural services from PTAs, AGAs,
GNs, community leaders etc.
• Undertake survey to establish requirements and design route and timetable
• Set up Community Transport Committee
• Enter into service contract for 2 years based on most favorable bid.
• Cross-subsidise with tender proceedings from profit making routes
Improving the Supply Chain to
develop agricultural sector
� Lets go shopping…..
Source: ADB
Sour Plantains
�Farm Gate Price Rs.6/- per kg
�Wholesale Market Price Rs.25/- per kg
�Price paid by Consumer Rs.45/- per kg
Source: Rohan Abeywickrema- presentation on Infrastructure, IPS workshop, 25 Jan 2006
Papaya
�Farm Gate Price Rs.5/- per kg
�Wholesale Market Price Rs.25/- to Rs.30/- per kg
�Price paid by Consumer Rs.50/- to Rs.55/- per kg
Source: Rohan Abeywickrema- presentation on Infrastructure, IPS workshop, 25 Jan 2006
Vegetables
Most expensive varieties like carrots, beans,
broccoli, etc
�Farm Gate Price Rs.7.50 per kg
�Wholesale Market Price Rs.30/- per kg
�Price paid by Consumer Rs.80/- to Rs.100/- per kg
Source: Rohan Abeywickrema- presentation on Infrastructure, IPS workshop, 25 Jan 2006
Seer Fish
�Price Paid at the Beach Rs.125/- per kg
�Wholesale Market Price Rs.280/- per kg
�Retail Price Rs.450/- per kg
Source: Rohan Abeywickrema- presentation on Infrastructure, IPS workshop, 25 Jan 2006
Some solutions……
� Strategically located warehouses and markets
(e.g. Dambulla)
� Modern packaging and handling systems
(e.g. Manning methods)
� Use of modern technology in distribution systems
Transport for Urban Development
� Welcome to Colombo……
Growth of ‘traffic’ to Colombo Daily Passengers in Both Directions at the CMC Boundary (1965-2005) Corridor Pax
1965 (000s)
AAGR 65-85 %
Pax 1985 (000s)
AAGR 85-95 %
Pax 1995 (000s)
AAGR 95-05 %
Pax 2005 (000s)
Galle Road 91 5.8% 279 1.7% 331 1.0% 365
Neg’bo & Kandy Rds 118 6.2% 400 3.6% 607 -1.0% 553 Ratnapura Rd 62 4.2% 141 3.9% 206 -0.5% 196 Ratnapura Rd 62 4.2% 141 3.9% 206 -0.5% 196
Cotta Rd/SJP Rd 45 3.5% 89 10.8% 249 1.3% 278 Horana Rd 21 5.2% 58 8.1% 126 -1.3% 111
Wellampitiya Rd 38 2.0% 56 0.1% 59 -0.3% 57
Narahenpita Rd 12 6.2% 40 0.1% 35 2.8% 46 Ambatale Rd 32 12.0% 63 -0.8% 58 TOTAL 387 5.3% 1,095 4.4% 1,676 -0.6% 1,572
Growth of ‘traffic’ to Colombo
Year Private
Vehicles
Buses Goods
Vehicles
Total
1995 203,215 27,084 24,158 254,457
2005 321,249 22,835 30,296 374,381 2005 321,249 22,835 30,296 374,381
Period Growth 58% -16% 25% 47%
Growth p.a. 4.7% -1.7% 2.3% 3.9%
•Growth of Passenger Traffic - 06%
•Growth of Vehicle Traffic + 47%
•Growth of Demand for Road Space + 32%
Period 1995-2005
Predictions for the next decade………..
� Road congestion will increase, travel times will increase
� As a result, number of people coming to the city will reduce,
� A number of business establishments will migrate to suburbs or become uncompetitive
� congestion will remain at a dynamic equilibrium
� Colombo will become disfunctional gradually as an effective commercial capital with no planned alternate to take its place.
Some solutions?� Improve quality of Public Transport
� Introduce dedicated bus services • (Sisu Saeriya)
� Modernize Public Transport Terminals � Modernize Public Transport Terminals
� Introduce new technology for PT• LRT• BRT• ITS
� Introduce User Pricing• Road Tolls• Parking Tolls
Attribute of Service Desired
Rank Average Score (from 100)
Loading of Bus 10 30.7
Ticket Issuing 9 36.6 7
Improving Quality of Urban Bus Services
Passenger Feedback indicates
Time to Complete Journey 7 44.8
Morning,Night & School Services 7 44.8
Bus Conductor’s Behavior 6 44.9
Condition of Bus Stops 5 49.0
Bus Driver’s Behavior 4 49.9
Waiting Time for Bus 3 67.3
Condition of Bus 2 71.7
Acceptability of Bus Fare 1 72.6
Proposed Inter-Modal Nodes (Colombo City)
ITS- Getting more from existing roads
TCS Servers
LAN
` ` `
TCS 2 Server
Video K/B
Workstations
TCS 1
Server
DB
DB
TSCServer
Digital Switch
Video Wall
(Optional)
LAN
CCTV Camera
Security
Camera
Parking Control
Camera
Phase 1
Phase 3
DYNAMICMESSAGE
SIGNSTraffic Signal
Controller
Red Light
Camera
Phase 2
Public Transport Vehicle Tracking Electronic Road Pricing
Fiber optic cable backbone OR Coax cable backbone OR Wireless transmission system
Vehicle Detection Station
Microwave Vehicle
Detector
Video Detection
Controller
Transport for Regional Development
� Relocation of Industrial Development
� Development of new areas for Tourism� Development of new areas for Tourism
� Remove ‘Pockets’ of Poverty
Provincial GDP per Capita by
Travel Time from Colombo
NCP
CP
WP
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
GD
P p
er
Cap
ita
Sab Uva
NWP
SP
CP
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Travel Time from Colombo (Hrs.)
GD
P p
er
Cap
ita
Provincial GDP Growth Rate
with Change in Travel Time (1990-1994)
Polonnaruwa
Anurashapura
Matara
Nuwara Eliya
8
10
12
14
16
Per
Cap
ita G
row
th R
ate
(%
)
M'gala
Badulla
Kurunegala
Hambantota
Galle
Kalutara
Gampaha
Colombo
0
2
4
6
8
-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Change in Travel Time (%)
Per
Cap
ita G
row
th R
ate
(%
)
GDP Growth Rate
The Objective of the new Expressway Program
should be to encourage regional industrial development
and open up areas with high poverty for new
development
Integrate Location of IPZs with potential for Goods Transport by Railways
Develop new railway Lines through potential sites for IPZs
Developing new areas for tourism….
Case Study-- Uva
Impediments to Development of Land Transport
Policy Making
� ‘Where there is No Vision the People Perish’ (Psalms)
Microscopic vs Telescopic
Administration
Square Pegs in Round Holes� Square Pegs in Round HolesThe ‘transport administrator’ and the China Shop
Stakeholders
� A problem of cloutThe ultimate equation –service providers overcomes the users
Organisations
� Saving the ship and loosing the warPreoccupation with SoEs –in pursuit of the past glories
Till then……..
‘Happy Dreaming!!’
The Dream
The Reality
and lets……
‘Make Believe!!’