road network evaluation tools - world banksiteresources.worldbank.org/extafrsubsahtra/...road...
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Cesar Queiroz, Ph.D. Consultant, former World Bank Highways Adviser
Arusha June 2012
Road Network Evaluation Tools
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RONET overview, main concepts and background
• Optimization defined • A common concern: how to optimize
maintenance and rehabilitation • What is required for an agency to use
RONET? • RONET structure • RONET applications
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Road Agency Budget
Total Road Transport Costs
User Costs
Budget, Costs $
Too Large
Too Poor Optimal Too Good
Optimal
Too Small
Road Condition
Optimal Road Condition
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• RONET, developed by Rodrigo Archondo-Callao for SSATP, helps decision makers to: Monitor network condition Plan allocation of resources Assess consequences of macro
policies Design Road Asset Management
Systems
Road Network Evaluation Tools
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• Availability: RONET is available free of charge on the World Bank website at: http://go.worldbank.org/HWVR0FWEF0
http://go.worldbank.org/FF0CT8M770 • General use: RONET can be used in
any city, country or region, provided that appropriate data are available
• Version 2.00 – latest version, published in 2009
Road Network Evaluation Tools
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RONET Version 2.00
Road Network Evaluation Tools Version 2.00, January, 2009
Step Configuration Inputs Calculations Outputs
O-Length & Utilization1) C-Basic Configuration I-Country Data Current Condition Assessment O-Asset Value
I-Road Network Length O-RoughnessO-Network Distribution ChartsO-Network Monitoring Indicators
Performance Assessment O-Network Performance2) C-Standards Configuration I-Historical Expenditures O-Annual Work Program
O-Solution CatalogO-Road Works DistributionO-Road Works SummaryO-Historical Expenditures Comparison
3) C-Vehicle Fleet Configuration I-Road User Charges Road User Revenues O-Fuel Consumption RevenuesI-Funding Requirements O-Road User Revenues
O-Requirements & Revenues Comparison
The World BankWashington, D.C.
PAM
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What is Required for an Agency to Take Advantage of Tools Such as HDM-4 and RONET?
• Updated road inventory and condition data, e.g., length of roads in each category, pavement structure, road roughness
• Traffic data, e.g., volumes by vehicle category, weight of heavy vehicles
• Road user cost data, e.g., price of new vehicles, fuel consumption and cost
• Unit cost of road works, e.g., rehabilitation ($/km), new construction ($/km)
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Total 5 X 5 X 5 X 5 = 625 Road Classes
Matrix of Road Classes: Overall Network Evaluation
Network Road TypeType Concrete Asphalt S.T. Gravel EarthMotorwaysPrimarySecondaryTertiaryUnclassified
Traffic Condition CategoryCategory Very Good Good Fair Poor Very PoorTraffic ITraffic IITraffic IIITraffic IVTraffic V
Road Network Length Matrix
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• Main road condition indicator used by models such as RONET and HDM
• A standard scale used throughout the world to quantify the roughness of roads
• The IRI summarizes the roughness qualities that impact vehicle response (such as vehicle vibration)
• It relates to overall vehicle ride, operating cost, dynamic wheel loads, and overall surface condition
International Roughness Index (IRI)
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• The International Road Roughness Experiment, Brasilia, Brazil, 1982
• Reference: World Bank Technical Paper No. 45, “The International Road Roughness Experiment: Establishing Correlation and a Calibration Standard for Measurements,” available at: http://go.worldbank.org/0UUNR93490
Development of IRI
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International Roughness Index
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• IRI is determined by measuring the profile along the wheel paths of the road, and then filtering the profiles through a quarter-car mathematical model to simulate the suspension deflection of a passenger car
• Its uses include assessing road condition and as a construction specification
IRI Meaning and Uses
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• “ProVAL” - Profile Viewing and AnaLysis - an engineering software used to view and analyze pavement profiles, including IRI calculations
• Sponsored by the US Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
• Available free of charge from: http://www.roadprofile.com/
IRI Calculation from Road Profiles
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• “RoadRuf” – a tool for computing IRI, available from the University of Michigan at: http://www.umtri.umich.edu/divisionPage.php?pageID=62
• RoadRuf includes an interactive X-Y plotter and a spectrum analyzer
• A sample program for calculating IRI is available at: http://www.umtri.umich.edu/content/IRIMain.f
IRI Calculation from Road Profiles
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RONET uses simplified incremental road deterioration model for paved roads: • traffic loading (YE4) • pavement modified structural number and
subgrade bearing capacity (SNC) • pavement age (t) • environmental coefficient (m) • existing condition (IRIa)
( )−⋅ ⋅ = ⋅ α ⋅ ⋅ + ⋅α ⋅ + α ⋅ + ⋅ ⋅ gm 5K m t
gp o 1 2 gm adIRI K e 1 SNC YE4 t K m IRI
RONET Paved Road Deterioration Model
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• Expressed as a polynomial function of roughness for each vehicle category
• Developed using World Bank RUCKS (Road User Costs Knowledge System) model
URUC - unit road users’ cost ($/vehicle-km) IRI - pavement longitudinal roughness (m/km) a0, a1, a2, a3 - model coefficients that depend on input
data (e.g., new vehicle, fuel and tire costs)
Road User Costs Model
= + ⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅2 3o 1 2 3URUC a a IRI a IRI a IRI
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• Very good: IRI less than 2.5 m/km • Good: IRI from 2.5 m/km to 3.5 m/km • Fair: IRI from 3.5 m/km to 5.5 m/km • Poor: IRI from 5.5 m/km to 10.5 m/km • Very poor: IRI higher than 10.5 m/km
Example of IRI and Road Condition
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Riverside Freeway, SR 91, CA
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• Five or less network types can be defined by the user based on functional classification, region, terrain type, or environmental type
Default AlternativeConfiguration Configurations Examples
Network Types by Types by Types byType Functional Class Geographic Region Terrain Type
1 Motorways North Region Flat Terrain2 Primary South Region Hilly Terrain3 Secondary Easthern Region Mountainous Terrain4 Tertiary Western Region NA5 Unclassified Central Region NA
Types of Road Network
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• RONET uses five surface types. The country specific characteristics of the surface types are user defined
DefaultSurface Configuration
Type Surface Type1 Cement Concrete2 Asphalt Mix3 Surface Treatment4 Gravel5 Earth
Surface Types
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Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) Illustrative StandardsSurface Traffic Traffic Minimum Maximum Average Geometry PavementType Category Level (veh/day) (veh/day) (veh/day) Standard StandardEarth Traffic I T1 0 10 5 1-lane warranted Formation not warranted
Traffic II T2 10 30 20 1-lane warranted Formation warrantedTraffic III T3 30 100 65 2-lane warranted Gravel warrantedTraffic IV T4 100 300 200 2-lane warranted Gravel warrantedTraffic V T5 300 1,000 650 2-lane warranted Paved Surface warranted
Gravel Traffic I T2 10 30 20 1-lane warranted Formation warrantedTraffic II T3 30 100 65 2-lane warranted Gravel warrantedTraffic III T4 100 300 200 2-lane warranted Gravel warrantedTraffic IV T5 300 1,000 650 2-lane warranted Paved Surface warrantedTraffic V T6 1,000 3,000 2,000 2-lane warranted Paved Surface warranted
Paved Traffic I T4 100 300 200 2-lane warranted Gravel warrantedTraffic II T5 300 1,000 650 2-lane warranted Paved Surface warrantedTraffic III T6 1,000 3,000 2,000 2-lane warranted Paved Surface warrantedTraffic IV T7 3,000 10,000 6,500 2-lane warranted Paved Surface warrantedTraffic V T8 10,000 30,000 20,000 4-lane warranted Paved Surface warranted
- Standard given for illustration purposes. Proper standards are country specific.- AADT of motorized 4-tires or more 2-way traffic
Traffic categories vary by surface type
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• Very Good: requires only routine maintenance (RM)
• Good: requires RM plus preventive maintenance or spot regravelling or repairs
• Fair: requires RM plus periodic maintenance • Poor: requires RM plus strengthening or partial
reconstruction • Very Poor: requires RM plus full reconstruction
Road Condition Categories
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• Length of road sections (per category, traffic, condition) comprising the network
• Unit cost of road works • Selected country data (e.g., discount
rate, fuel cost, salaries, vehicle fleet, traffic growth rate)
RONET Main Input Data
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Road CurrentType Condition Current Asset Value Unit CostPaved Roads Very Good Construction Unit Cost
Good Construction Unit Cost - Preventive Treatment Unit CostFair Construction Unit Cost - Resurfacing Unit CostPoor Construction Unit Cost - Strengthening Unit CostVery Poor Construction Unit Cost - Full Reconstruction Unit Cost
Gravel Roads Very Good Construction Unit CostGood Construction Unit Cost - Spot Regravelling Unit CostFair Construction Unit Cost - Regravelling Unit CostPoor Construction Unit Cost - Partial Reconstruction Unit CostVery Poor Construction Unit Cost - Full Reconstruction Unit Cost
Earth Roads Very Good Construction Unit CostGood Construction Unit Cost - Spot Repairs Unit CostFair Construction Unit Cost - Heavy Grading Unit CostPoor Construction Unit Cost - Partial Reconstruction Unit CostVery Poor Construction Unit Cost - Full Reconstruction Unit Cost
Current Asset Value Calculation
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Budget Scenarios ConsequencesOptimal +2 Road WorksOptimal +1 Performance FinancialOptimal Assessment EconomicOptimal -1 ConditionOptimal -2 Asset ValueOptimal -3 Road UsersDo Minimum Etc.Do NothingCustom
RoadNetwork
Performance Assessment
What are the consequences of different budget scenarios?
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RONET evaluates alternative maintenance and rehabilitation road works standards for each road class
Road Classes StandardsVery High StandardHigh StandardMedium StandardLow StandardVery Low StandardDo Minimum StandardDo Maximum Standard
Road Work Standards
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0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
0 5 10 15 20
Year
Rou
ghne
ss (I
RI,
m/k
m)
Very High StandardHigh StandardMedium StandardLow StandardVery Low StandardDo MinimumDo Nothing
Asphalt Mix Roads Standards
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0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
Do Nothing
Do Minimum
Do MinimumLow
Very LowMedium
High
Very High
Pres
ent V
alue C
osts
(M$)
Road Agency Costs Road User Costs
Total Society Costs
Optimal Standard
Least Total Society Costs
RONET determines optimal standard per road class
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Budget Scenarios Optimal + 2 Two standards above optimal standard per road class
Optimal + 1 One standard above optimal standard per road class
Optimal Optimal standard per road class
Optimal – 1 One standard below optimal standard per road class
Optimal – 2 Two standards below optimal standard per road class
Optimal – 3 Three standards below optimal standard per road class
Do Minimum Do minimum on all road classes
Do Nothing Do nothing on all road classes
Custom User defined standard per network type and traffic category
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Road Agency Costs Breakdown (Years 1-20)Annual Costs Years 1-20, M$/year
Network Scenario Rehabilitation Periodic Maint. Recurrent Maint. Road AgencyTotal Optimal +2 28.6 27.6 10.6 66.8Network Optimal +1 25.4 19.6 10.1 55.1
Optimal 19.6 18.4 7.7 45.7Optimal -1 21.5 11.2 8.1 40.8Optimal -2 17.9 10.5 8.5 36.8Optimal -3 16.1 11.9 3.4 31.4Do Minimum 6.9 8.5 2.4 17.7Do Nothing 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Custom 16.6 24.9 7.4 48.8
An Example of Consequences to the Road Agency
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Unit Road User CostsUnit Road User Costs ($/vehicle-km)
Network Scenario Current Years 5 Years 10 Years 20Total Optimal +2 0.328 0.298 0.298 0.296Network Optimal +1 0.328 0.299 0.301 0.306
Optimal 0.328 0.301 0.301 0.308Optimal -1 0.328 0.309 0.313 0.325Optimal -2 0.328 0.318 0.326 0.339Optimal -3 0.328 0.335 0.339 0.352Do Minimum 0.328 0.355 0.369 0.397Do Nothing 0.328 0.362 0.376 0.420Custom 0.328 0.312 0.315 0.311
Consequences to Road Users
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Society Costs (Total Costs Years 1-20)Total Costs Years 1-20, M$
Network Scenario Road Agency Road Users SocietyTotal Optimal +2 1,335 17,698 19,033Network Optimal +1 1,102 17,936 19,038
Optimal 913 18,026 18,939Optimal -1 817 18,794 19,610Optimal -2 735 19,491 20,226Optimal -3 629 20,360 20,989Do Minimum 354 22,027 22,381Do Nothing 0 22,896 22,896Custom 977 18,635 19,612
Consequences to Society
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Consequences to Road Network Condition: Roughness (IRI in m/km)
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Road Works Details (M$) Other Tables for: ($/km-year) ($/veh-km) (km/year) per surface class and surface type
Years 1-5 Years 6-20Road Agency Costs (M$/year) Road Agency Costs (M$/year)Network Paved Unpaved Total Percent Network Paved Unpaved Total PercentMotorways 0.0 0.0 0.0 0% Motorways 0.0 0.0 0.0 0%Primary 27.0 2.7 29.8 33% Primary 10.4 1.5 11.9 39%Secondary 11.1 23.0 34.1 38% Secondary 3.1 10.1 13.2 43%Tertiary 0.0 27.1 27.1 30% Tertiary 0.0 5.4 5.4 18%Total 38.2 52.9 91.0 100% Total 13.5 17.0 30.5 100%Percent 42% 58% 100% Percent 44% 56% 100%Rehabilitation Costs (M$/year) Rehabilitation Costs (M$/year)Network Paved Unpaved Total Percent Network Paved Unpaved Total PercentMotorways 0.0 0.0 0.0 0% Motorways 0.0 0.0 0.0 0%Primary 13.1 2.3 15.3 24% Primary 3.2 0.0 3.2 65%Secondary 9.2 16.7 25.9 41% Secondary 1.7 0.0 1.7 35%Tertiary 0.0 22.5 22.5 35% Tertiary 0.0 0.0 0.0 0%Total 22.2 41.5 63.7 100% Total 4.9 0.0 4.9 100%Percent 35% 65% 100% Percent 100% 0% 100%Periodic Maintenance Costs (M$/year) Periodic Maintenance Costs (M$/year)Network Paved Unpaved Total Percent Network Paved Unpaved Total PercentMotorways 0.0 0.0 0.0 0% Motorways 0.0 0.0 0.0 0%Primary 12.1 0.2 12.2 63% Primary 5.4 1.2 6.5 36%Secondary 1.4 3.0 4.4 22% Secondary 0.9 6.8 7.7 43%Tertiary 0.0 2.9 2.9 15% Tertiary 0.0 3.8 3.8 21%Total 13.4 6.1 19.6 100% Total 6.2 11.8 18.0 100%Percent 69% 31% 100% Percent 35% 65% 100%Recurrent Maintenance Costs (M$/year) Recurrent Maintenance Costs (M$/year)Network Paved Unpaved Total Percent Network Paved Unpaved Total PercentMotorways 0.0 0.0 0.0 0% Motorways 0.0 0.0 0.0 0%Primary 1.9 0.3 2.2 28% Primary 1.9 0.3 2.1 28%Secondary 0.5 3.3 3.8 50% Secondary 0.5 3.3 3.8 50%Tertiary 0.0 1.7 1.7 22% Tertiary 0.0 1.7 1.7 22%Total 2.5 5.2 7.7 100% Total 2.4 5.2 7.6 100%Percent 32% 68% 100% Percent 31% 69% 100%
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Road User Charges
Road User ChargesPerformance Assessment Fuel Consumption
Vehicle Registration FeesLicense FeesRoad Damage Fees
Routine Maintenance Distance Travel FeesPeriodic Maintenance International Transit Revenues
Rehabilitation Toll Revenues+ Foreign Vehicle Permit Revenues
Administration Vignettes RevenuesImprovements Carbon Taxes Revenues
Other Traffic Enforcement Revenues= Other Fees and Taxes Revenues
Total Funding Needs Total Revenues
Funding Gap
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• Review RONET’s User Guide • RONET familiarization interactive
exercise • Obtain as realistic as possible
information on a road network of each participating country
• Develop an optimum road network M&R program for the selected network
• Prepare a brief report and present the results
Next steps
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Cesar Queiroz Consultant, former World Bank Highways Adviser Tel +1 301 755 7591 [email protected] Washington, DC, USA