1

2

3

ROAD SECTOR MASTER PLAN(2007-2027)

MINISTRY OF WORKS & HUMAN SETTLEMENTROYAL GOVERNMENT OF BHUTAN

MAY 2006

4

5

MINISTERIntroduction

The Road Sector Master Plan (RSMP) is a 20-year programme (2007-2027) that includes road network expansion, road realignment,tunneling, roads for inter-dzongkhag connectivity and the second East-West highway. The RSMP is intended to be an initial screening ofpotential road projects at a level of detail that is appropriate tostrategic planning. Detailed feasibility studies would be required infuture to demonstrate economic viability and to determine exactalignments before individual projects can be implemented. Althoughnot explicitly highlighted in the RSMP, options are open for constructionof ropeways in any of the dzongkhags depending on its feasibility.Gasa is one of the dzongkhags where ropeways might be feasible.

The RSMP, which is proposed for implementation starting the 10th FiveYear Plan, was prepared in close consultation with the 20 dzongkhags.To the extent possible, lengths of the feeder roads were verified throughdesk-top studies using topographic maps of 1:50,000 scale to ensurethat the road lengths reflected in the RSMP are accurate. Wherefeasible, care was also exercised to ensure that feeder roads proposedin the RSMP did not conflict with the farm/power tiller roadsprogramme of the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA). Where conflict withfarm/power tiller road programmes of MoA was anticipated, feederroads were dropped from the RSMP to avoid duplication of efforts.

About 132 new feeder roads with a total length of 2,654.4 km estimatedat over Nu.13, 800 million have been prioritized for the master planperiod from 2007 to 2027, which would benefit a total of 20,893households excluding indirect beneficiary households.

The abstracts of feeder roads and priority ranking are shown in Annex-1 and Annex-3. Dzongkhag-wise feeder roads with correspondingpriority rankings are shown in Annex-2. About 794 km of roads, whichform a part of the proposed second East-West highway are shown inAnnex-4. About 537 km of national highways proposed for providinginterconnectivity among the Dzongkhags are shown in Annex-5. Majorroad realignments and tunnels proposed for shortening travel distancesto save travel time and vehicle operating costs are shown in Annex-6 and Annex-7.

6

The RSMP does not reflect the roads that are either under constructionor are proposed for construction during the 9th Plan on the assumptionthat such roads would automatically spillover to the 10th Plan if theirconstructions are not completed in the 9th Plan.

Priority ranking of feeder roads

Four priority rankings of A, B, C, D and cost per household (cphh)were used as the basis to rank feeder roads included in the RSMPsince cphh was the most reasonable indicator of cost-effectivenessof a road. Cphh of an individual feeder road was computed bydividing the estimated cost of the road by the number of directhousehold beneficiaries served by the road. A unit cost of Nu. 5.21million per km, derived from the ongoing World Bank-assisted RuralAccess Project, was adopted for computing the costs of feeder roads.Although a particular road would benefit additional households withinits influence area, indirect household beneficiaries were not takeninto account for simplicity. The ranges of cphh used in determiningthe priority ranking of feeder roads is shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Criteria adopted for Priority Ranking of Feeder Roadsin RSMP

Priority Ranking Range of cphh (Nu.) millionA < 0.5B 0.6 –0.9C 1.0 – 1.5D > 1.5

Cphh range of less than 0.5 million for priority ranking A was basedon the assumption that improved accessibility would accelerateeconomic activities of the beneficiary households and enhance cashincomes of up to Nu.0.5 million per annum towards the end of roadlife, which is estimated at 15-20 years. Roads for which priority rankingbased on cphh could not be determined because of non-availabilityof information on beneficiary households, was assigned a priorityranking D.

MINISTER

7

Out of the 2,654.4 km of feeder roads proposed in the RSMP,prioritization exercise has resulted in the rankings shown below:

Priority A - 515.8 kmPriority B - 978.8 kmPriority C - 595.5 kmPriority D - 564.3 km

Explanatory remarks

The cphh used in the RSMP is just one option available for determiningranking of a road based on cost-effectiveness and therefore shouldnot be considered as the only basis of prioritization. Otherconsiderations (social, economic, political and security) might dictatechanges in the priority rankings of feeder roads. The priority rankingssuggested in the RSMP is provided for guidance of planners undernormal planning circumstances. Even designation of roads suggestedin the RSMP such as national highway, district road and feeder roadetc. might need to be changed appropriately in future to match rapidsocio-economic development and expansion of road network in thecountry. If need arises, roads can be re-designated from feeder roadto district road or as national highway. Similarly, a national highwayor a district road could be re-designated as a feeder road. The RSMP,therefore, should be considered as a dynamic document, which couldbe updated from time to time, to keep pace with the socio-economicdevelopment of the country.

Zhabtog Lyonpo Thimphu, May, 2006

MINISTER

8

9

ROAD SECTOR MASTER PLAN (2007-2027)ABSTRACT OF FEEDER ROADS

SL. DZONGKHAG LENGTH COST TOTAL %NO (KM) (Nu.) HH SERVED ROAD

MILLION (DIRECT) LENGTH

1 BUMTHANG 23.5 122.435 229 0.89

2 CHHUKHA 143.5 747.635 952 5.41

3 DAGANA 137.5 716.375 1084 5.18

4 GASA 19.0 98.990 11 0.72

5 HAA 141.5 737.215 173 5.33

6 LHUENTSE 128.5 669.485 1181 4.84

7 MONGAR 211.5 1101.915 2298 7.97

8 PARO 41.0 213.610 235 1.54

9 PEMAGATSHEL 140.0 729.400 1657 5.27

10 PUNAKHA 68.8 358.448 740 2.59

11 SAMTSE 174.3 908.103 1761 6.57

12 SAMDRUPJONGKHAR 179.5 935.195 1011 6.76

13 SARPANG 106.0 552.260 870 3.99

14 THIMPHU 115.0 599.150 132 4.33

15 TRASHIGANG 326.5 1701.065 3864 12.30

16 TRASHIYANGTSE 116.0 604.360 1435 4.37

17 TRONGSA 131.0 682.510 504 4.94

18 TSIRANG 100.5 523.605 697 3.79

19 WANGDUEPHODRANG 163.8 853.398 1109 6.17

20 ZHEMGANG 187.0 974.270 950 7.04

Total 2654.4 13829.424 20893 100

Annex-1P-1 of 1

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Annex-2P-14 of 20

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Annex-2P-15 of 20

ROAD SECTOR MASTER PLAN (2007-2027)FEEDER ROADS

Feeder Roads Cost HH Cost per PriorityDzongkhag From To Length(km) (Nu.) Million Served HH Rating

(Nu.) Milion (A, B, C, D)

TRASHIGANG Thrimshing Thungkhar 8.0 41.680 231 0.2 A(Phegpari) via Ramchongma

Kharungla Kangpara 28.0 145.880 249 0.6 B

Kangpara Ramchongma 15.5 80.755 256 0.3 A

Kangpara Mankhar 20.0 104.200 D

Kangpara Chema 15.0 78.150 30 2.6 D

Ngangshing Yechen 15.0 78.150 96 0.8 B(NH)

Yechen Tshatse 23.5 122.435 254 0.5 A

Tshatse Kurchilo 15.0 78.150 297 0.3 A

km 67.5 Berdungma 9.5 49.495 115 0.4 A(S/Jongkhar-T/gangHighway)

Dawzor Jeri-Lemi 5.0 26.050 200 0.1 A(Khaling)

Bidung Yabrang/ 10.0 52.100 210 0.2 APhinsum

Yabrang/ Thongrong 5.0 26.050 200 0.1 APhinsum

Yonphupam Benshingmo- 6.0 31.260 201 0.2 AJomtshang

Chaling Mendrulla 5.0 26.050 310 0.1 A

Mendrulla Merak 27.0 140.670 329 0.4 A

Merak Sakteng 40.0 208.400 260 0.8 B

Bidung Rangjung 22.0 114.620 94 1.2 C

Rangjung Joenkhar 20.0 104.200 359 0.3 A

Joenkhar Sakteng 37.0 192.770 173 1.1 C

Total 326.5 1701.065 3864

25

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D SE

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R M

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(200

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Annex-2P-16 of 20

26

ROA

D SE

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Annex-2P-17 of 20

27

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(200

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Annex-2P-18 of 20

28

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Annex-2P-19 of 20

29

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950

Annex-2P-20 of 20

30

ROAD SECTOR MASTER PLAN (2007-2027)ABSTRACT OF PRIORITIZED FEEDER ROADS

SL. DZONGKHAG LENGTH (KM)No. PRIORITY PRIORITY PRIORITY PRIORITY

A B C D1 BUMTHANG 10.0 13.5 0.0 0.0

2 CHHUKHA 0.0 125.5 18.0 0.0

3 DAGANA 72.5 10.0 25.0 30.0

4 GASA 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.0

5 HAA 0.0 0.0 24.5 117.0

6 LHUENTSE 19.0 69.5 40.0 0.0

7 MONGAR 80.0 67.5 26.0 38.0

8 PUNAKHA 32.8 21.0 15.0 0.0

9 PEMAGATSHEL 29.0 61.0 45.0 5.0

10 PARO 4.0 28.0 0.0 9.0

11 SAMTSE 41.0 69.0 23.0 41.3

12 SARPANG 0.0 106.0 0.0 0.0

13 S/JONGKHAR 0 100.5 79.0 0.0

14 TRONGSA 5.0 25.0 19.5 81.5

15 THIMPHU 0.0 0.0 10.0 105.0

16 TSIRANG 14.0 11.0 45.0 30.5

17 TRASHIGANG 149.5 83.0 59.0 35.0

18 T/YANGTSE 49.0 28.0 39.0 0.0

19 WANGDUE 10 107.8 46.0 0.0

20 ZHEMGANG 0.0 52.5 81.5 53.0

Total 515.8 978.8 595.5 564.3

Total of all Dzongkhags 2654.4 km

Annex-3P-1 of 1

31

ROAD SECTOR MASTER PLAN (2007-2027)SECOND EAST-WEST HIGHWAY

Sl. FROM TO LENGTH STATUS PRIORITY *No. (km) RANKING

1 Sipsoo Samtse 49 Upgradation

2 Samtse Phuentsholing 69 New construction 13 Phuentsholing Raidak 88 Upgradation

4 Raidak Kalikhola 23 New construction 85 Kalikhola Kerabari 15 Upgradation

6 Kerabari Phipsoo 65 New construction 77 Phipsoo Sarpang 35 Upgradation

8 Sarpang Gelephu 30 Upgradation

9 Gelephu Gelezam 9 Upgradation

10 Gelezam Umling (Lalai) 12 Upgradation

11 Umling (Lalai) Panbang 85 New construction 512 Panbang Amshingwoong 35 New construction 313 Amshingwoong Nganglam 14 New construction 4

(part of Gyalposhing-Nganglam road)

14 Nganglam Dewathang 105 New construction 215 Dewathang Samdrupcholing 50 Upgradation

(Bhangtar)

16 Samdrupcholing Jomotshangkha 110 New construction 6(Bhangtar) (Daipham)

Total 794

*: Based on strategic importance and National Assembly decisions

Annex-4P-1 of 1

32

Annex—5P-1 of 1

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Annex-6P- 1 of 1

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34

Annex-7P- 1 of 1

ROA

D SE

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R M

AST

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(200

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35