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Road Transport HSE Case

ROAD TRANSPORT HSE CASEDocument ID: GU 432 Version 102/July/2003

GU-432

PDO Road Transport HSE Case

Document AuthorisationDocument Authority Document Custodian Document Author‘dapo OguntoyinboRef. Ind: CSMDate: 02/July/03

John GrahamRef. Ind: CSM/15Date: 02/July/03

John GrahamAndrew UreTony van ThielRef. Ind: CSM/1/15Date: 02/July/03

The following is a brief summary of the most recent revisions to this document. Details of all revisions prior to these are held on file by the Document Custodian.

Version No.

Date Author Scope / Remarks

Version 1.0 July 2003 Andrew Ure (CSM/15X)John Graham (CSM/15)Tony van Thiel (CSM/1),

Initial issue.This document supersedes part of the “Road Transport Safety Case” issued as Rev 0 on 31/10/93 by TSM/1 Project TeamRev 1 on 29/06/94 by TSC

Note that only “driving” related hazards and controls are discussed in this new document. Other “logistics” activities included in the 93/94 TSM/TSC Safety Case are NOT yet captured in this document.

User Notes:

A controlled copy of the current version of this document is on PDO's EDMS. Before making reference to this document, it is the user's responsibility to ensure that any hard copy, or electronic copy, is current. For assistance, contact the Document Custodian.

This document is the property of Petroleum Development Oman, LLC. Neither the whole nor any part of this document may be disclosed to others or reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means (electronic, mechanical, reprographic recording or otherwise) without prior written consent of the owner.

of 210 GU-432 Version 1.0 2/July/2003

mailto:[email protected]?subject=WEBCD%20Assistance%20Request


Table of Contents

0. Note to the reader/user1. Management Summary2. Introduction

2.1. Responsibilities for the HSE Case3. Description and overview of Road Transport within PDO Operations4. PDO’s Road Transport HSE Management System5. Hazards and Effects Analysis Assessment: the “Bow Ties”

5.1. Threats caused by Driver 5.2. Threats caused by Vehicle5.3. Threats caused by Load in/on vehicles5.4. Threats caused by Road and Environment5.5. Threats caused by Other Road Users5.6. Threat grouped as "Other"5.7. Consequences5.8. Other Hazards that do not lead to an RTA

6. Road Transport HSE Critical Tasks7. Remedial Action Plan

Appendix 1: Detailed description of Threats and Controls



0. Note to the reader/user

Road transport is the single most hazardous activity that PDO and Contractors engage in on a daily basis. Typically 40% of PDO's LTI's and 90% of fatalities are a result of Road Traffic Accidents (RTA's). Such an activity must be managed by an HSE Management System to achieve ALARP residual risk (As Low As Reasonably Practical). An "HSE Case" demonstrates the Management System in action. Big words, but it can be presented in a very simple manner in this document.

PDO has never had a "user-friendly" HSE case for Road Transport activities. A document entitled "Road Transport Safety Case" was issued in June 1994 and is still valid to date. For those that still have a copy (it is NOT available in electronic format): it is in a red folder and was issued by TSM, Supply Manager. That document contains very useful and valid information but it is not presented well and hence has found limited use by management teams and supervisors to manage and improve road safety. Although entitled "Road Transport Safety Case" it covered the full range of land transport logistics activities.

We have now created this new ”Road Transport HSE case" which, we believe, should provide a user-friendly tool to manage road safety. We see the following use/purpose for this Road Transport HSE case:

A formal description of Hazards/Threats, the Consequences (an RTA), Controls and HSE critical tasks required to maintain the controls in place to managing Road Transport to ALARP.

It provides users with a full overview of all controls and HSE critical tasks that can and should be applied. It basically describes the full PDO road safety program. It provides the answer to the question "how can I manage road safety" without missing anything.

It provides users at corporate and local/team level the tool to evaluate the controls and define a "Remedial Action Plan" to correct weaknesses in their management system.

It is to be used in the investigation of all RTA's. Especially the list of Hazards/Threats and Controls; is an excellent tool to quickly point the investigation to the Hazards/Threats that played a role in the RTA and the associated Controls and HSE Critical Activities that failed.

Other HSE cases refer directly to this case for all Road Transport/Driving activities and should only detail specific additional controls to the operation/facility they describe.

This is a first issue document. We have done our best to make this document user-friendly and useful to the user but we know already that improvements are possible. We need user feedback to improve it. Please do not hesitate to give us your constructive comments and suggestions.

PDO’s Corporate Road Transport Safety Team: CSM/1/15



1. Management Summary

This PDO Road Transport HSE Case lists and provides an assessment of all measures/controls that are in place to prevent Road Transport accidents from happening, and to reduce the consequences in case an accident does happen.

The Case gives an inventory of all threats that can release the hazards associated with vehicles at speed. All controls in place within PDO and its contractors to prevent the release of these hazards or to mitigate the consequences of releasing them are listed in this Case. Included is an assessment of the effectiveness of these controls.

It is concluded that although Road Safety is much better than before, PDO’s management of Road Transport Safety can and must still be further improved. A Remedial Action Plan to achieve this is included in this Case (Chapter 7).

Completing all of its action items will ensure that PDO and its contractors’ Road Transport activities can be carried out without undue risk to employees and 3rd parties.

Objective of the PDO Road Transport HSE Case

The objective of the Road Transport HSE Case is to safeguard against fatalities, injuries and asset damage as a result of PDO or Contractor Road Transport activities. Any major shortcomings that may release hazards with the potentially fatal consequences are to be identified and a remedial plan to rectify these shortcomings is to be developed.

Endorsement of HSE Case

The content of this HSE Case is the responsibility of its Custodian. The Owner of the HSE Case accepts responsibility for the Statement of Fitness and the Remedial Action Plan.

Note: this case has a dual Owner/Custodians and Users.Within PDO:

At a PDO corporate level it is the Corporate HSE Manager through the Corporate Road Safety Advisor.

At PDO user level, each Asset Team and Department that is engaged in Road Transport activities becomes a de-facto Custodian of this case. The controls must be reviewed and associated HSE critical tasks must be allocated within each user group.

PDO Contractors (although not yet contractually enforced it is strongly recommended to Contractors to review this case and, after amendment to specific needs, adopt the principles).

Large PDO Contractors might have a Corporate Road Safety Advisor similar to PDO. Within each Company Custodians of this case must be appointed.



Statement of FitnessSubject to the satisfactory implementation of the remedial action plan items referred to in chapter 7 it is concluded that the Road Transport HSE Case demonstrates that, to the extent possible:

1. There is an HSE management system in place for Road Transport in PDO operations that is adequate to enable compliance with all relevant statutory and company provisions.

2. There are adequate arrangements in place for the audit and review of the management system at appropriate intervals.

3. All hazards and effects with the potential to cause a major road accident have been identified and assessed and controls will be/are in place together with plans for recovery in the event of an incident.

4. HSE risks have been evaluated and measures taken to reduce these risks to a level that is as low as reasonably practicable.

Therefore, taking the above into account, it is considered safe to continue with Road Transport operations in PDO.

Signed

‘Dapo Oguntoyinbo (CSM: Corporate HSE Manager)



2. Introduction

Road transport is a hazardous activity. Although accurate figures are hard to establish studies show that globally, as many as 880 000 people were killed in road traffic accidents in 1999 (source - Jacobs et al 2000) - the World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that the annual number worldwide who die on the roads is higher, around a million people. In fact the WHO have projected that by 2020 fatalities from road traffic accidents will be the third biggest cause of premature death in the world, after heart disease and unipolar major depression i.e. suicide (source – WHO 2001).

In Oman 5-600 people are killed in road accidents (ROP figures) every year. In PDO operations 32 people have died in RTA’s in the period 1998-2002. That figure includes pedestrians and third parties – people who had no involvement with our business activities and yet were still killed as a result of them.

Although it is a fact that road transport is hazardous it still forms a major part of the way we conduct our business – in fact we rely on road transport, without it PDO could not continue to function. And yet the fatalities described above are completely avoidable. So we need a structured way of ensuring that our road transport operations are carried out in as safe a way as possible, with all the hazards that can cause accidents identified and controlled.

That structure is described in this document. This HSE case has been developed to be the means by which the hazards and threats are managed, with associated risks reduced to as low as is reasonably practicable (ALARP) or eliminated altogether.

The definition of a Road Transport HSE Case is:

A document that lists and gives an assessment of all measures that are in place to: prevent Road Transport accidents from happening, make the consequences less severe if an accident does happen. The purpose of the PDO Road Transport HSE Case is to provide a simple, methodical and auditable reference document containing all information relevant to the protection of staff involved in PDO and its Contractors’ Road Transport as well as those third parties that use the same roads. This Road Transport HSE Case is intended to be a live document that is added to and amended throughout the life of the operation.

The PDO Road Transport HSE Case is used to demonstrate that all major Safety hazards and Health and Environmental effects of the Road Transport activities have been identified, assessed, controlled and recovery preparedness measures are in place.

This Case is also intended to demonstrate that PDO is making efforts to continuously improve the Safety of its Road Transport. Therefore the Case contains a Remedial Action Plan (chapter 7) to address all shortfalls (gaps between intention and achievement) found in the Road Transport HSE Case. The Plan identifies and prioritises all action items, establishes accountable parties and target completion dates.

The PDO Road Transport HSE Case was developed using historic data from incident investigation reports, data from the Road Safety Monitoring Team and by consultation with contractors and stakeholders within PDO. Through this approach one of the aims of the Case was achieved; showing Drivers1 and others on the “coal face” that their Safety is of a major concern to PDO’s Management and that their input in improving Safety is welcomed. The information as contained in this Case will be made available to Drivers and their supervisors through the issue of a booklet (in Arabic and English) and other communication products especially aimed at this target group.

The PDO ‘Health, Safety and Environment Specification for Road Transport’ (SP-2000) is referred to extensively throughout. SP-2000 is the benchmark PDO document describing rules and

1 Throughout this HSE Case the word “Driver” is used frequently. With “Driver” all persons driving a PDO or contractor vehicle are indicated, so this includes staff who drive a company vehicle as part of their job only. When professional drivers are referred to exclusively, this will be explicitly indicated. There are very few female Drivers amongst PDO and contractor staff. For this reason and to enhance the readability, Drivers are always referred to as “he”, please read “she” should this be applicable.



specifications for road transport safety. To gain the most benefit from using this Road Transport HSE Case it should be referred to in conjunction with SP-2000.

2.1 Responsibilities for the HSE Case

The Road Transport HSE Case, as an operational document, can be utilised by members of the workforce as a tool to identify road transport risk and demonstrate control measures. The general responsibilities of employees towards the HSE Case are demonstrated in the following table:

Function Responsibility for the HSE Case

HSE Case Owner:

CSMCorporate HSE Manager

The HSE Case Owner is responsible for the HSE management of the operations covered by the case and is the final approval authority for the content of the HSE Case. The Owner is responsible for issuing the Statement of Fitness for operations, thus accepting accountability for the HSE management of the operations and confirming that all known HSE hazards that could conceivably occur have been identified and are under control, subject to the close-out of outstanding actions in the Remedial Action Plan.

HSE Case Custodian:

CSM/15 Senior Corporate Road Transport Safety advisor

Nominated by and responsible to the Case Owner, the Custodian is responsible to the HSE Case Owner for the following:- management of the HSE Case;- initiating the appropriate program to ensure awareness and proper use

of the HSE Case by the organisation;- the technical accuracy of the contents of the HSE Case;- ensuring that revisions and updates are prepared when necessary,

adequately controlled and distributed; and- ultimately, responsible for the close-out of Remedial Action Items.

Function General Responsibilities

Critical Task Executing Parties

Are responsible for ensuring that Critical Tasks that are key to the control of road transport safety within Areas, Departments, Teams etc, are actioned and updated where necessary.

Workforce & Contractors

Are responsible for implementing the control procedures highlighted in the Case and generally contributing to the continued best practices required for the safe operation of road transport operations.



3. Description and overview of Road Transport within PDO Operations

3.1 Overview of Road Transport in PDO

3.1.1 Scope of Road Transport within PDO Operations.

Exposure: Kilometres traveledPDO and contractors vehicles combined travel around 120-130 million kilometres per annum.

VehiclesOn average 6,500 vehicles of all types are involved in the PDO and contractor transport operation, light vehicles, buses, cargo haulage trucks and specialised vehicles such as fire tenders, ambulances and rig moving trucks.

Drivers12,500 drivers are involved in the operation 3,200 of whom are heavy vehicle professional drivers.

The above transport resources are utilised in support of the company’s oil and gas production operation. Current 2003 target is 703,190 bbd. There are up to 30 drilling rigs and well-hoists in-field requiring materials supply and moving, and crew changes.

3.1.2.1 Operating LocationsThere are four primary supply/logistics bases for PDO at Mina Al-Fahal in the Muscat Capital Area, Fahud in the North and at Nimr and Marmul in South Oman. Each of these locations has storage yards, warehouses and transport facilities. Other PDO operations centres are at Yibal, Qarn Alam and Lekhwair in the North, and Bahja in the South.

Two ports are used: Mina Qaboos (Muscat) and Mina Raysut (Salalah) in the south with a an element of overland transport from suppliers in the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia.

3.1.2.2 Road InfrastructureThe main inter-regional roads from Muscat to Nizwa, Salalah, Sur, and Sohar are blacktop, well designed, and in maintained in good condition; the routes from Muscat to Dubai via Sohar and from Muscat to Nizwa are dual-carriageway. All others are single carriage-way,

PDO has over 6,000 kilometres of graded road and 600 kilometres of black-top road. It is possible to travel to all main PDO locations from Muscat, with the exception of Lekhwair, entirely on blacktop road.

The government national speed limit is 120 kph for light vehicles and 100 kph for heavy vehicles. Lower speed limits apply to some rural and urban roads, e.g. 100 kph on some lengths of main-road carriage way, and 80 or 60 or 50 kph in urban areas. PDO black-top roads have a maximum speed limit of 100 kph for light vehicles, 80 kph for heavy vehicles. Graded roads have a maximum speed of 80 kph for all types of vehicle.

Example DistancesMuscat -Fahud 306 kmMuscat -Marmul 830 kmMuscat -Lekhwair 451 kmFahud -Marmul 626 kmSalalah -Fahud 830 kmSalalah -Nimr 323 kmFahud -Yibal 64 kmFahud -Qarn Alam 130 kmMarmul -Nimr 92 km



3.1.2.3 Passenger TransportPDO passenger movements from Muscat to the interior are by air, with three ATR-42 aircraft operating a schedule of services to six main airstrips in the interior. Passenger services using heavy buses operated by the national bus company and other approved operators are also available to PDO locations on blacktop roads. Passenger journeys within the interior are by road, although some trips can be made using the scheduled air services.Many personnel commute from interior towns and villages to their work locations; this interior commuting uses a variety of contracted buses and minibuses.

3.1.2.4 Cargo TransportThe transport of cargo to locations is primarily by road, with a negligible amount of airfreight. The method of haulage (containerised or loose) and the amount of control over the transport activities depends upon the type of material, the nature of the contract with the supplier, and the origin of the material.Primary transport, operated by specialised transport contractors is managed by Logistics Department; these movements account for around 24 million kilometres of the 120 million annual..Secondary logistics, i.e. those involving transport by contractors in direct support of their own engineering/drilling or project activities for PDO, accounts for the balance. Efforts are being made to reduce these “secondary kilometres” through encouraging contractors/suppliers/vendors to deliver into consolidation facilities in the Muscat area at Ghala, which is operated by a Logistics contractor.

3.1.2.5 FacilitiesPDO has moved consistently towards entirely contracting out transport activities, and so investment in and maintenance of many transport facilities are part of contractual arrangements.

For example, PDO although owning a number of filling stations in the interior concession areas, these are managed by a contractor; workshop facilities in the interior for light vehicles are maintained and operated by contractors. The majority of the logistics activities (apart from warehousing) formerly located in MAF has moved to a contractor owned and operated facility in the industrial area of Ghala. Heavy cargo transport to the interior from the Muscat area is despatched and controlled from this facility.

3.1.3.1 PDO Transport OrganisationLogistics Department (TLM) controls PDO transport operations as part of its function; the manager of Logistics Department being the CFDH for transport: Logistics is split into three operating areas

- Coastal Logistics, under TLC - Logistics North under TLN- Logistics South under TLS

These three area based teams are the providers of transport, to PDO users, with vehicles and equipment leased or services contracted by PDO. Cargo haulage, passenger services and leased light vehicle services fall within their area of responsibility. All three sections are responsible for the allocation of vehicles to departments and the operation of car pools for casual users and visitors.

Each Logistics Area has a Cargo Haulage unit providing services to PDO users by service contractors, which may be in the form of moving a load from A to B (providing vehicle + driver + schedule) or providing a service (equipment with driver/operator, and with or without supervision) or providing equipment (vehicle only).

3.1.3.2 Transport ContractorsThe three transport sections operate a number of transport contracts, where the purpose of the contract is to provide transport equipment or services. The type of contract varies according to business requirements.

- Long Term contracts: contracted equipment (including leasing contracts) or equipment plus service (i.e. including management and/or supervision of the tasks). There is a principle Cargo Haulage contractor in North and South Oman, who also carry out Rig Moves within their allocated Area. The Coastal Contractor also is responsible for customs clearance and forwarding, in addition to managing the transport of materials between the interior and Muscat.

- Ad-Hoc contracts: "spot-hire" contracts for specific equipment or services. Most trunk haulage from Muscat and Salalah to the interior is arranged by means of contracts with a



number of Ministry of Oil and Gas (MOG) nominated small transport companies. This system is a government initiative to encourage the economic development of local businesses and communities.

- Potable water haulage to rigs and local communities, the latter as part of Civil Aid programmes are provided by two long term contracts with LCC (Local Community Contractors), also as part of socio-economic programmes to encourage growth of local businesses in the oilfield based local communities.

3.1.3.3 Other Contracts: Secondary LogisticsNearly all contracts involve some road transportation, and a number of contracts have substantial transport activities, notably contracts for seismic operations, civil engineering projects and maintenance, well services, and production operations.

These contracts are managed by the Contract Holder and his Contract Representative and Contract Site Representative; there is little direct involvement of the PDO transport sections.

Other contractors mainly provide services to other users which may be in the form of moving a load from A to B (providing vehicle + driver + schedule) or providing a service (equipment with driver/operator, and with or without supervision) or providing equipment (vehicle only).

3.1.3.4 PDO Transport UsersThere are many PDO transport users mainly falling into one of the following categories:

- Service customers: they request material to be moved, or are passengers in PDO vehicles commuting to their villages, or travelling to airports, etc.

- Casual users: they use vehicles, provided upon request by one of the three PDO transport sections.

- Department-allocated services: certain equipment and services are allocated "permanently" to departments, mainly as department pool vehicles.

3.2 Road Transport Operating Information

3.2.1 Statutory Requirements of the Sultanate of Oman.

3.2.1.1 Vehicle StandardsThe Sultanate of Oman generally adopts the standards defined by the Gulf Co-operation Council Standards Organisation. Equipment dealers and agents in Oman will assure themselves that each model complies with these standards, but this needs to be confirmed with the seller of any equipment before purchase. For any vehicles imported individually, confirmation of compliance will need to be established to the Royal Oman Police, Directorate General of Traffic.

3.2.1.2 Traffic OrdnanceThe Royal Oman Police is the body responsible for the enforcement of the Traffic Ordnance in Oman, which addresses the regulatory requirements for transport and driving in Oman.

All vehicles and drivers must be registered with and licensed by the Royal Oman Police, Directorate General of Traffic; the ROP may require a vehicle inspection at any time, and driving is prohibited without a valid Oman driving license which is issued upon completion of a driving test, and which is valid for specified types of vehicle.

Road markings and road signs are based upon British standards, with the latter being in Arabic and English.

There are special provisions and regulations for the transportation of hazardous materials, explosives, and radioactive sources.

3.2.2 PDO Requirements.

3.2.2.1 Driver and Driving StandardsAll drivers are required to have a PDO Driving Permit which is only obtained after attending and passing a one -off two day Defensive Driving Course-DDC,(Light vehicle or Heavy Vehicle



courses), for Blacktop Roads. Additional Defensive Driving courses are required by those drivers who are required to drive on graded roads, and/or who drive buses or liquid tankers. An annual assessment drive by a DDC instructor is required to be passed to extend the validity of the Driving Permit.

There is a minimum age limit for drivers of 21years.

Road Safety Monitoring Teams carry out speed checks on vehicles and checks on driver behaviour on the road.

3.2.2.2 Vehicle StandardsAll vehicles and other transport equipment must meet PDO specifications for safety standards; these often exceed the basic legal requirements. PDO vehicle specifications are managed by the Corporate Road Transport Safety unit (CSM/15) and are contained in SP-2000 “Road Transport”, within these specifications are included that:.

- All vehicles must be fitted with three-point inertia-reel seatbelts for driver and the one permitted front seat passenger. Light vehicles must be fitted with three-point inertia-reel seatbelts for the outer rear passengers, with an adjustable two-point lap seatbelt for the rear middle passenger. Buses and minibuses must be fitted with at least a two-point seatbelt for all passengers at "open" seats where there is nothing in front of them.

- All light vehicles in the interior, and any vehicle to be used off road or in the MAF Tank Farm installation, are required to have a PDO-specified rollover protection device fitted, high visibility rear lights, and be four-wheel drive.

- All vehicles must carry appropriate fire-extinguishers, and many also carry a first-aid box.- All vehicles are air-conditioned where practicable, and vehicles used on longer journeys

are fitted with a radio-cassette player.- Medium and heavy vehicles, buses, and light vehicles over 6metres long are required to

have a reversing alarm.- Buses are required to have enclosed luggage compartments.- Fifth wheels on prime-movers must not be laterally oscillating unless the specialist

trailer/load is suitable for this set-up.- All HGV and trailers must be fitted with fail to safe brake systems.- ABS and dual airbags are required on all light vehicles registered after 01 September,

2001- Rollover Bars, are required on light vehicles used on graded roads and High Intensity

Rear Lights are required on all vehicles - Speed limiters are required, including use of ADSLs (Automatic Dual Speed Limiter) for

graded/blacktop automatic speed limiting

Full regulations are contained within the Specification SP 2000 “Road Transport” available electronically from Livelink or the Drive to Survive websites, or hard copy from CSM15/151.

3.2.2.3 Vehicle Maintenance StandardsRoadworthiness Assurance Standards (RAS) are specified in SP-2000, these include prior contract start up inspections, driver daily checks, monthly safety checks and annual RAS Inspection at which and if in compliance the vehicle is issued with a RAS Sticker valid for twelve months. Random checks are carried out within PDO concession area roads by area Road Safety Monitoring Teams, reporting to CSM/15. Vehicles found not to be in compliance with RAS or vehicle specifications are reported, as are any procedural deficiencies found such as no/invalid Driving Permits, lack of Journey Management Plans, etc.

3.2.2.4 Road Transport Policies and ProceduresPolicies for the management of HSE are developed, implemented and maintained by CSM (Health, Safety and Environment Manager). Policies for road transport safety are developed by CSM with consultation with stakeholders and approval by the HSE steering committee.

SP-2000 addresses PDO requirements for the Driver, the Journey (the driving and Journey Management), and the vehicle.SP-2001 addresses the rules and requirements for Load Safety and Restraining.

A number of other transport related operating procedures, such as covering rig moving, filling station operation, logistics procedures are owned and issued by the Logistics Manager (TLM).



4. PDO Road Transport HSE Management System

This section contains a short description of the 8 elements of PDO’s HSE management system as applied to Road Transport.

The Road Transport HSE-MS should not be seen as a separate entity to the PDO Health Safety and Environmental Management System (documented in CP-122). Instead it forms part of the overall means of managing HSE risk in PDO operations. The 8 elements of the PDO HSE-MS have been taken and applied to the risks arising from road transport as a specific activity.

The 8 Elements are:

Leadership and Commitment Policy and Strategic Objectives Organisation, Responsibilities, Resources, Standards and Documents Hazards and Effects Management Planning and Procedures Implementation and Monitoring Audit Review

The Road Transport HSE Management System is the main tool PDO has to prevent people, the environment and assets being damaged through road transport activities, and particularly by accidents involving vehicles and driving. It applies to everything: every driver, vehicle, load and journey. The only way we can be assured of reducing the risk of more road traffic accidents occurring is by consistently applying the controls identified in the following pages.

The following diagram shows how the 8 individual elements combine together to form the framework to prevent road traffic accidents.




Leadership and Commitment

Policy and Strategic

Objectives

Organisation, Responsibilities,

Resources Standards and

Documents

Planning and Procedures

Implementation and Monitoring

Hazards and Effects

Management Process

Audit

Review

Managers lead by example. They drive defensively at all times. They encourage good driving behaviour and intervene when they identify poor driving or vehicles which are not roadworthy.

Our objective is to minimise road traffic accidents. To achieve our aim we will reduce kilometres driven wherever possible by alternative ways of travelling, other than by road. When we do use road transport, our objective is to comply with Oman traffic law and PDO requirements at all times and to do the job safely.

The organisation ensures that our drivers are all competent to drive their particular vehicles safely and defensively. We have allocated resources to ensure our vehicles are fit-for-purpose and our Supervisors know which standards and documents to use in order to do the job safely.

All our road transport hazards have been assessed and we have identified the controls to reduce the risk of those hazards causing an accident. Everyone is clear about those controls

All relevant journeys follow a Safe Journey Plan. There are procedures in place to follow for such things as vehicle maintenance, emergency response and loading vehicles safely.

Drivers and Supervisors implement all the control measure we have identified during every journey, for every vehicle, and for every load. Where deficiencies are identified Supervisors immediately take action to correct the problem even if it means stopping the job.

We carry out audits periodically to ensure our Road Transport HSE Management System is working effectively. Where we identify improvements that can be made we make them immediately.

We periodically review our Road Transport HSE Management System to make sure it continues to work for us effectively. Review are carried out by senior managers who are committed to improving road transport HSE.


The following chapters describe how those 8 elements of the Road Transport HSE Management System relate specifically to road transport risk.

4.1. Leadership and Commitment

Senior management – PDO and Contractors – have a critical role to play in establishing the success of the Road Transport HSE-MS. Managers and Supervisors set a powerful example by their own actions. Managers ‘walking the talk’ send out a powerful signal to the organisation at large and promote the kind of positive behaviour from everyone necessary to keep safety as a core value embedded in the business.

The element ‘Leadership and Commitment’ can be broken down into four key areas:

Visibility Target Setting Company Culture Informed Involvement

What does this mean in practice?

VisibilitySenior PDO and Contractor Managers must demonstrate their absolute commitment to road safety by setting a good example at all times:

By visibly supporting road safety initiatives through physical involvement themselves, not by delegating the responsibility to their staff

By attending the DDC Defensive Driving Training and through adopting defensive driving techniques at all times – including outside of working hours.

By putting road transport issues on the agenda of all appropriate meetings and by allocating resources to road transport safety – including putting resources towards other modes of transport in order to avoid unnecessary kilometres being driven

Communicating clearly at all times that road safety is a key business objective for PDO and it’s Contractors

Target SettingChallenging targets must be set to provide a basis for measuring performance. Those targets must start from a first principle of continuous improvement:

By reflecting corporate road safety ‘result’ and ‘activity’ targets in their own Departmental HSE Plans

By regularly reviewing road safety performance against those targets Ensuring that Contract Holders in their Departments are setting the same targets for their

contractors and reviewing progress against those targets

Company CultureThe only way that we can achieve our goal – PDO’s road transport operations free from accidents – is by everyone sharing our commitment towards arriving at the objective. As a company, PDO:

Encourages road safety promotions, and welcomes employees’ constructive suggestions for improving road safety

Believes that we can only achieve a culture of safety within our road transport activities by promoting a positive attitude towards road safety and driving amongst PDO staff and Contractors – inside and outside of working hours

Considers that everyone in PDO and the Contracting Community is responsible and accountable for their own actions when driving both company and private vehicles

Making “Road Safety rule braking” unacceptable throughout our community.



Informed InvolvementSenior Managers can demonstrate their belief and support for continuous improvement of PDO’s road safety performance by:

Volunteering for Defensive Driving Training, and by encouraging their staff to do the same thing

Full awareness of current PDO initiatives and targets for road safety and progress on meeting those targets

4.2. Policy and Strategic Objectives

PDO has an HSE Policy (PL-38). Road Transport activities shall be executed in line with this policy. In practice this means that:

All road traffic accidents are avoidable and can therefore be prevented Our Road Transport operations shall be subject to a structured management system which

will continuously strive to reduce risk and improve HSE performance An effective organisation will be in place at all times to successfully manage Road

Transport operations in PDO and the Contracting Community Line Managers throughout PDO and the Contracting Community are responsible and

accountable for Road Transport Safety at all organisational levels Road Transport is an integral part of our business and will be treated as being equal in

status to other key business objectives PDO and it’s Contractors will at all times comply with the Road Traffic Law of the Sultanate

of Oman, Company Standards and related industry practice Minimising kilometres driven will reduce exposure to road traffic accidents; our policy is

therefore to challenge the need for road transport and to always consider alternatives to driving and vehicle operations

4.3 Organisation, Responsibilities, Resources, Standards and Documents

This part of the RT-HSE-MS refers to the actual, physical structure set up within PDO and it’s Contractors to enable the controls for the identified hazards and threats to be implemented and maintained. The element relates to the following key areas of risk control:

Organisation – the identification of who has an active responsibility for road transport management. Although there are certain defined, key responsibilities, it should be noted that everyone who drives has a major responsibility at an individual level.

Responsibilities – who does what; a clear description of the major responsibilities of the key players. This includes both PDO and Contractor personnel.

Resources – the allocation of sufficient resources (human and financial) to achieve strategic objectives and targets set for Road Transport Safety and for implementing the controls measures identified in the Road Transport Safety Case. This includes competence assurance programmes for safety critical staff in Road Transport Operations.

Standards – PDO ‘s operations are governed by standards either from Omani law, from the Shell Group or internal company standards or from other International Standards which may set a benchmark. For PDO Road Transport Operations the most important standards are Royal Oman Police Traffic Regulations – it is company policy to comply with Omani law at all times – and the PDO Specification SP-2000 ‘Health Safety and Environment Specification for Road Transport’. This document contains extremely important information relating to driving, roads, vehicles, roadworthiness, and Safe Journey Management. Also of major importance to any person responsible for supervising road transport operations involving the movement of loads on goods vehicles is the PDO Specification SP-2001 ‘Loads and Load Restraints’. Both documents are available on the PDO Drive to Survive website or hard copies are available by contacting CSM/15.



Documents – The Road Transport HSE Management System must be supported by clear documentation reviewed regularly by competent staff. In addition to the documents described above other documents which form the RT-HSE-MS are:- Records e.g. Safe Journey Plans, Records of Vehicle Maintenance, training

records, vehicle inspection records- Permits e.g. PDO Driving Permits for vehicle and road type- Licenses e.g. ROP Driving Licenses, Vehicle registration licenses- Reports e.g. Audit or Inspection reports- Minutes e.g. HSE Meetings, Driver Forums, Toolbox Talks

Documents need to be updated and introduced via a process in order to apply quality assurance, with responsibilities assigned for document custodians. Section 5 of Chapter 3 of the PDO HSE Management System Manual describes this process for HSE documents in more detail.

4.4 Hazards and Effects Management Process (HEMP)

In order to manage HSE hazards they must be identified and assessed. Only by doing so can the appropriate controls be put in place to manage the hazards and reduce the risk of a Road Traffic Accident (RTA) occurring. Road Transport HSE hazards have been identified and assessed is and are presented in Chapter 5 of this HSE case.

The hazards and threats that could cause have been listed in chapter 5 according to the general area of road transport they fall into:

Driver Vehicle Load in/on vehicle Road and Environment Other Road User Other

The HSE Critical activities that are required to ensure the controls/barriers are kept in place are listed in Chapter 6 of this HSE case.

4.5 Planning and Procedures

PlanningPlanning forms an essential part of the Road Transport HSE Management System. To operate vehicles and drivers safely a planning effort is required at all times. Planning starts at Corporate level in PDO with the PDO Corporate HSE Plan which sets out the company’s Strategic Objectives and Performance Targets and is rolled out into the Contracting Community via their Contract specific HSE Plans. Road Safety is a standing item in the yearly PDO Corporate HSE Plans. For the latest PDO Corporate HSE Plan see the Corporate HSE web pages ( http://sww1.pdo.shell.om/dept/cd/csm/default.asp ).

Road transport operations planning is required at many levels. Examples include:

Kilometre reduction:Less kilometres driven means less exposure to RTA’s. To reduce kilometres driven means effective planning to identify alternatives to road transport. To reduce kilometres takes a planning effort to identify suitable alternatives to driving. PDO’s Logistics department (TLM) is the main driver behind this process.

Night Driving:The avoidance of night driving by effective operational planning.

Safe Journey Management (SJM):SJM is a fundamental part of this process is a Safe Journey Plan which contains details of the journey, vehicle and driver. See SP-2000 Appendix III – ‘Safe Journey Management’ for further details. Part of this is a plan to ensure the driver takes adequate rest breaks en route.


http://sww1.pdo.shell.om/dept/cd/csm/default.asp


PDO asset teams and Contractors must develop asset specific HSE plans and procedures to manage Road Transport.

ProceduresThe PDO HSE Management System Manual (CP-122) states that “all HSE-critical activities and their supporting tasks should have written procedures or work instructions in place. If these are to be effective, they should be simple, unambiguous, understandable and relevant”.

In terms of road transport activities procedures should cover all aspects of loading and operating vehicles. At a corporate level these are documented in - SP-2000 (Road Transport HSE Specification)- SP-2001 (HSE Specification Load Safety and Restraining).

4.6 Implementation and Monitoring

This element is the operational part of the Road Transport HSE Management System. Supervisors responsible for road transport operations have an essential role to play in ensuring that all procedures and work instructions are complied with and that hazard controls are fully implemented.

ImplementationThe Road Transport HSE Management System will not be effective unless the controls identified for the various hazards and threats are fully implemented and their continued effectiveness monitored.

The “Controls Master List” presented in chapter 6 contains a breakdown of HSE Critical Tasks for both PDO at Corporate level and the User (the department or organisation directly responsible for supervising road transport operations). These tasks explain exactly what needs to be implemented to ensure the controls/barriers are kept in place.

MonitoringMonitoring falls into two categories: Pro-active and reactive performance monitoring.

Pro-active monitoring means providing information on the implementation of the RT-HSE-MS and meeting objectives and targets. Pro-active monitoring provides information on the implementation of risk control measures and therefore the adequacy of measure in place to prevent incidents from occurring.

Examples of Pro-Active Monitoring:

Feedback of PDO Corporate HSE Plan achievement against target for road safety action items

Supervisors checking compliance with SP-2000/2001 as part of their normal duties – this is the primary defence in the prevention of RTA’s. Supervisors have a key role to ensure drivers, vehicles, journeys, loads and passengers all meet the legal requirements of the Sultanate of Oman, and all PDO road safety requirements – before journeys commence.

Road Safety Monitoring Team roadside checks Assessments of Contract HSE Plan implementation Daily vehicle inspections and annual RAS inspections

Reactive monitoring is the collation of data and information from RTA Investigation Reports and from statistics compiled on near misses, injury or ill-health amongst drivers, damage to assets or the environment.

Examples of Reactive Monitoring

Road Traffic Accident Investigations Journey Management Rate Lost Time Incident statistics Near Miss information Occupational Illness frequency



Corrective ActionMonitoring implementation must be followed up with corrective action, where it is needed. Supervisors who identify a problem with a driver or a vehicle must act swiftly to rectify the problem before the journey starts. This could mean a Supervisors notices a vehicle has defective tyres as it is about to leave the yard, or that a load is not secured properly. Timely action is essential. Non-compliances must be corrected before the activity carries on, otherwise an accident may occur. It cannot be emphasised enough that Supervisors are the key people in ensuring that HSE controls are in place before work starts, and that those controls are in place for the duration of the activity. The PDO ‘STOP’ (Safety Training Observation Programme) technique is one of the tools Supervisors have in maintaining HSE standards.

Incident ReportingRoad traffic accidents have to be reported by Omani law to the Royal Oman Police. This is a legal requirement that shall be observed. PDO also require road traffic accidents to be reported as part of the in-house incident reporting procedure (PR-1418).

4.7 Audit

All management systems need to be reviewed to assess their effectiveness. Audit is the main tool in assessing HSE controls defined as part of a management system. Auditing activity on the RT-HSE-MS in PDO includes:

Corporate Road Transport HSE MS Audits carried out by third parties e.g. Shell Safe Journey Management system audits (SP-2000 Appendix III requires SJM audits to be

carried out every two years, and verified every six months) Audits against Contractor HSE Plans, which would include road transport HSE

Management. Road Safety Monitoring Team (RSMT) audits on contractor transport operations Audit of RAS (Roadworthiness Assurance Scheme) Inspection companies.

At operational level routine inspections support the audit activity. These inspections would include:

Daily vehicle inspections Workshop inspections SJM compliance inspections

Audits should only be undertaken by personnel competent to do so and the results reported to management – who must take corrective action on any weakness or deficiency identified.

4.8 Review

Management must review the RT-HSE-MS periodically to ensure that it is working effectively. This means PDO and Contractor Management at a senior level. The review should consider factors such as:

Possible changes in the legal requirements for road traffic in Oman or changes in the operating environment, such as re-organisations

Contractual changes Audit findings Incident investigation findings and recommendations Implementation of HSE risk control measures and performance monitoring results The continuing suitability of Strategic Objectives for Road Safety performance



Contract Holders will meet with their contractors on a regular basis in order to review the implementation of the Contract HSE Plan, and in particular measures for road safety. This review typically will include:

Road Safety Monitoring Team reports on Contractor vehicles Numbers of staff trained (drivers, Supervisors, HSE Advisers and Safe Journey Managers) STOP cards generated for road safety related issues Vehicle condition Safe Journey Management



5 – Hazards and Effects Analysis Assessment: the “bow ties”.

5.1 The Bow Tie Diagram The hazard analysis model used in this HSE-Case is the so-called hazard bow tie. This model states that for a hazard (a vehicle at speed) there are a number of causes (threats)2 that may release the hazard. If/when a hazard is released there are a number of possible outcomes (consequences). Managing the hazard fully requires that all threats are suitably and sufficiently controlled by “controls” or “barriers3” and that suitable and sufficient recovery preparedness measures are in place for all consequences possible and foreseeable. Each step in developing this bow tie model is discussed below.

Building the Bow Tie (Fig 2 to 8)The first step is identification of the hazards. Hazards identification generally involves identifying the potential for harm (some form of energy) to people. For this Case the energy associated with a moving vehicle (kinetic energy) is the major hazard to be considered. The next step is to identify the 'Top Event' or hazardous situation that is associated with the initial loss of control of the hazard. For example if the Driver loses control of his vehicle it might collide with another vehicle. This releases the vehicle’s kinetic energy which can subsequently be “used” for damaging the vehicles and injuring the people in the vehicles.

Figure 2 depicts the hazard and its top event.

2 A threat in the context of this document is something that could potentially cause the release of a hazard and result in an incident

3 To prevent a threat or combination of threats ultimately resulting in the release of a hazard, some kind of countermeasures are necessary. These measures are called barriers.


HazardTop Event

Vehicle at Speed

Collision

Fig. 2


The next step is to identify the threats or potential causes of the top event. For instance a slippery road could cause the loss of control of the vehicle and release the hazard resulting in the top event, a collision. In Figure 3 this threat is shown.

The next step is to identify consequences that could possibly arise from the top event. For the top event “vehicle collision”, the consequences could be vehicle damage, injured vehicle occupants, injured pedestrians, etc. In Figure 4 one of the possible consequences is shown.


ThreatVehicle at

Speed

CollisionRoad Surface

Slippery

Threat

Fig. 3

Consequence

Vehicle at Speed


Slippery

Threat

Driver Injured

Consequence

Fig. 4


The next step is to find which measures (controls/barriers) are in place to prevent the threat from releasing the hazard, these measures are called barriers. To prevent a hazard from releasing all threats must be controlled or eliminated. Most hazards have many threats that could result in a release.

An example of a barrier for the threat “Road Surface Slippery” is installation of ABS brakes, a special kind of brakes that makes it possible to brake on a slippery road. This is shown in Figure 5.

The following step is to establish which controls are in place to mitigating the consequence of releasing the hazard, i.e. the recovery4 preparedness measures for the hazard. This recovery preparedness measures is often called a barrier as well.

To provide recovery preparedness, sufficient measures must be in place to reduce the probability and mitigate the effects of all probable consequences5. An example of a recovery measure is wearing a seatbelt; it does not help to prevent an accident but when an accident happens it may prevent injuries. See Figure 6.

4 Measures aimed at reinstating or returning the situation to a normal operating condition are also called recovery preparedness measures.5 Should the barriers fail to prevent or avoid the release of a hazard then some kind of counter measures are required to limit the consequences of the hazardous event or effect.


Recovery

Vehicle at Speed


Slippery

Threat

Driver Injured

ConsequenceABS Brakes

Seatbelt

Fig. 6

Control

Vehicle at Speed


Slippery

Threat

Driver Injured


Fig. 5


The next step is now to identify which factors may cause the barriers to be less effective. Both the barriers that prevents the threat from releasing the hazard (left hand side bow tie) and the barriers that prevent escalation of the top event (right hand side) may be made less effective by so-called escalation factors. An example of escalating factors is poor maintenance causing the ABS brakes to fail when they are needed. Another example is the Driver is not wearing seatbelts. Both escalating factors are shown in Figure 7.

Finally the bow tie can be completed by adding controls for the escalation factors, so measures that prevent the escalation factors from making the barriers ineffective. These controls are called escalation controls. An example of an escalation control is to have regular unannounced checks on the quality of vehicle maintenance. This escalation control is shown in Figure 8.

The example given in this figure is a very simple one. In almost all real cases there would be several threats and consequences, each with a number of controls, escalation factors and escalation controls.


Vehicle at Speed


Slippery

Threat

Driver Injured


Seatbelt

Maintenance Insufficient

Escalation Facto

Not put on.

Escalation Facto

Inspection of Maintenance

Escalation Control

Fig. 8

Vehicle at Speed


Slippery

Threat

Driver Injured


Seatbelt

Maintenance Insufficient

Escalation Facto

Not put on.

Escalation Facto

Fig. 7


5.2 The Road Transport Bow Tie

In this HSE case only ONE “top-event“ is considered: The Road Traffic Accident (RTA). This can be a collision with/run-over of objects (pedestrians, animals, walls, etc), single vehicle incidents without collision (eg: a rollover), or collisions with multiple vehicles (head on collision, etc). The “hazard” is always “the vehicle at speed”.

In the following pages the 35 identified threats and associated 105 controls are presented. The threats are grouped as per their “cause” in the following 6 headings:

Threats are caused by:

1. Driver2. Vehicle3. Load in/on vehicle4. Road and Environment5. Other Road User6. Other

In order to make the tables more readable first the “left hand side” of the bow tie will be presented: the threats that cause the RTA and the controls/barriers to prevent this.This is followed by the “right hand side” of the bow-tie: the consequences of an RTA and the controls/barriers that reduce them (also called “recovery controls”).

The bowtie tables presented are the heart of this HSE case. Together they represent the full PDO road transport HSE program (with a heavy emphasis on Safety)..

The 35 “threats” in the bowties have been evaluated as a HIGH, MEDIUM or LOW risk. This evaluation was done in qualitative manner only and is not based on “hard facts”. An example of this is: “Speed” is rated as “High” whereas “Alcohol and drugs” are rated as low. The effect of both threats is the same: a road accident. Speed however plays a role in some 50% of the vehicle incidents in Oman. Alcohol & drugs is a relatively little occurring threat (2-3% of the cases as per ROP figures).




5.2.1 The Road Transport Bow Tie: Threats caused by “the Driver”High level: 10 threats


Consequence

Driver or passengerfatality/LTI

Consequence

Third party fatality/LTI

H-08.01(1) On landtransport (driving)

Loc: Road TransportEvent: Accident caused

by Driver

Threat

Driver under theinfluence of alcohol,drugs or medicine

Threat

Driver vision affected:external reasons (glare,stickers, maneuvering)

Threat

Driver physically unfit

Threat

Driver mental stressleading to loss of

concentration

Threat

Driver poorvision/eyesight

Threat

Driver loss ofconcentration/braincramp

(GSM/radio/mental)

Threat

Driver lack of competence(skill/knowledge)

Threat

Driver fatigue

Threat

Driver excessive speedfor conditions

Threat

Driver poor behaviour,wilful misconduct

(Reckless manouevres)


The Road Transport Bow Tie: Threats caused by “the Driver”10 threats and their associated controls (see table on following pages for improved readability).


H-08.01(1) Onland transport

(driving)

Loc: RoadTransport

Event:Accidentcaused byDriver

C88: Warning labels onmedications (when itcauses drowsiness)

C28: SP-2000: Removevehicle keys when vehicle

is parked or leftunattended

C70: Suspend drivingbetween 2 a.m. and 4

a.m. on permitted nightdriving operations

C74: Maximum age fordrivers

C100: Driver complaintfeedback mechanism

C52: Traffic calminghardware (speed bumps,

rumble strips)

C15: SP-2000: Reversingalarms on HGV & buses

C20: SP-2000: SafeJourney Management

Procedures

C18: SP-2000: LV'sregistered after

1/Sept/2001 chall befitted with ABS brakes

C7: SP-2000: 2 yearlyEye Test Included in

DDC-6 course

C87: Records ofdistribution of medicinesby company Doctor/Male

nurse

C86: Health & fitnessprogrammes for drivers

C12: SP-2000: Radiocassette player fitted and

working

C80: Buddy passenger &STOP feedback

C6: SP-2000: Eye testprior to attending

DDC-1/2 course

C101: Banksman/Helperfor large/heavy vehicles

(DDC/2)

C79: Speed monitoring(RSM/ROP)

C99: RTA briefing packsfeedback to all drivers

C85: Road side signs

C39: Formal competencerequirements defined for

different driver/vehicletypes

Threat

Driver poorvision/eyesight


Procedures

C82:Pre-employmentcompetence test forprofessional drivers


Procedures

C1: SP-2000: DDC-1/2Defensive Driving

Training adressingbehaviour, att itude and

C58: Vehicles kept clean

C78: Road safetycampaigns (posters etc.)both in house PDO and at

national level

C83: Ramadan rules forrest and fat igue

C65: Drivers with highself esteem

C10: SP-2000: Driver wellrested - drive/rest and

sleep/shift patternsdefined and adhered to

C41: Alcohol and drugspolicy & campaigns


national level

C14: SP-2000: Speedlimiter requirements on

all veh icle types

C42: SP-1234: Use of sunglasses in strong glare

C53: Vehicle appropriatefor task ( load, journey &

road condit ions)


national level

C48: Driver well fed

C84: Driver welfare

C77: ROP Traffic Law: jailterms/penalties for

reckless driving

Threat

Driver under theinfluence of

alcohol, drugs or

Threat

Driver visionaffected: externalreasons (glare,

C47: SP-1230: 2 yearlymedical for all staff

(including drivers)

C34: SP-2000: Nightdriving restrict ions

C51: IVMS-monitor andDMS (not yet in SP-2000)

C76: Daily drivers toolboxmeeting


C32: SP-2000: "No GSM"rules (hands-on &

hands-off)

C75: Driver's forum/peergroups sessions/HSE

meetings

C9: SP-2000: Medicalexamination every twoyears for professional

drivers

C40: Clear and wellcommunicted rules (ROP

& PDO)


C46: Stress guidanceavailable to

drivers/supervisors

C51: IVMS-monitor andDMS (not yet in SP-2000)

C21: SP-2000: Maximumspeed limits for different

road types & signs forlower limits

C43: Potable wateravailable

Threat

Driver physicallyunfit

C50: Use professionaldrivers

C81: Drive inconvoy/group

C39: Formal competencerequirements defined for

different driver/vehicletypes

C50: Use professionaldrivers

C12: SP-2000: Radiocassette player fitted and

working

C13: SP2000: Airconditioning in all vehicles

Threat

Driver excessivespeed for

conditions

Threat

Driver loss ofconcentration/bra

incramp

C45: Drivers supervisedby qualified staff and clear

reporting lines defined


C38: Penalt ies forbreaking rules: violation

letter MD

C5: SP-2000:DDC-6Yearly professionalassessment drive

Threat

Driver mentalstress leading to

loss of



C49: Supervisors awareof heat stress and current

temperatures

C75: Driver's forum/peergroups sessions/HSE

meetings

Threat

Driver lack ofcompetence

(skill/knowledge)


Procedures

C37: Incentives fordesired behaviour

C10: SP-2000: Driver wellrested - drive/rest andsleep/shift patterns

defined and adhered to

C40: Clear and wellcommunicted rules (ROP

& PDO)

Threat

Driver fatigue

C8: SP-2000: 21 yrsminimum age for drivers

C36: RSMTMonitoring/coaching

C38: Penalt ies forbreaking rules: violation

letter MD



Threat

Driver poorbehaviour, wilful

misconduct


The Road Transport Bow Tie: Threats caused by “the Driver”10 threats and their associated controls in table format for improved readability.

Group

Threat Risk

Control 1 Control 2 Control 3 Control 4 Control 5 Control 6 Control 7 Control 8 Control 9

1 Driver Driver poor behavior, willful misconduct (reckless maneuvers)

H C1: SP-2000: DDC-1/2 Defensive Driving Training addressing Behaviour, Attitude and DD skills

C38: Penalties for breaking rules: violation letter MD

C36: RSMT Monitoring/Coaching

C8: SP-2000: 21 yrs minimum age for drivers

C40: Clear and well communicated rules (ROP & PDO)

C37: Incentives for desired behaviour (Hearts and Minds)

C75: Drivers Forum/Peer Groups sessions/HSE meetings

C41: Alcohol and drugs policy & campaigns

C50: Use Professional drivers

Control 10 Control 11 Control 12 Control 13 Control 14 Control 15

C51: In Vehicle Monitoring System( IVMS) - and Driver Merit System (DMS)

C76: Daily drivers toolbox/tailgate meeting

C77: ROP Traffic Law: jail terms/penalties for reckless driving

C78: Road Safety campaigns (posters, etc) both in-house PDO and at National level

C80: Buddy passenger & STOP feedback

C28: SP-2000: Remove vehicle keys when vehicle is parked or left unattended

2 Driver Driver excessive speed for conditions

H C81: Drive in convoy/group

C21: SP-2000: Maximum speed limits for different road types & signs in place to denote lower limits.

C14: SP-2000: Speed Limiter requirements on all vehicle types

C51: In Vehicle Monitoring System( IVMS) - and Driver Merit System (DMS)

C20: SP-2000: Safe Journey Management Procedures

C79: Speed monitoring (RSMT/ROP)

C52: Traffic calming hardware (speed bumps, rumble strips)

3 Driver Driver fatigue H C10: SP-2000: Driver well rested - drive/rest and sleep/shift patterns defined and adhered to.


C49: Supervisors aware of heat stress and current temperatures


C13: SP-2000: Air Conditioning in all vehicles

C43: Potable water available

C34: SP-2000: Night driving restrictions


C83: Ramadan rules for rest and fatigue

Control 10 Control 11 C12: SP-2000:

Radio- cassette player fitted and working

C70: Suspend driving between 2am and 4am, on permitted night driving operations

4 Driver Driver lack of competence (skill/knowledge)

M C1: SP-2000: DDC-1/2 Defensive Driving Training addressing Behaviour, Attitude and DD skills

C5: SP-2000: DDC-6 Yearly professional assessment drive

C39: Formal competence requirements defined for different driver/vehicle types




C82: Pre-employment competence test for professional drivers.

C99: RTA briefing packs feedback to all drivers

C18: SP-2000: Light Vehicles registered after 1/Sept/2001 shall be fitted with ABS brakes

5 Driver Driver loss of concentration/braincramp (GSM/radio/mental)

M C12: SP-2000: Radio- cassette player fitted and working


C32: SP-2000: "No GSM" rules (hands-on & hands-off)

C84: Driver welfare

C1: SP-2000: DDC-1/2 Defensive Driving Training addressing Behaviour, Attitude and DD skills

C85: Road side "Boredom Breakers"




Group

Threat Risk

Control 1 Control 2 Control 3 Control 4 Control 5 Control 6 Control 7 Control 8 Control 9

6 Driver Driver poor vision/eyesight

M C6: SP-2000: Eye test prior to attending DDC-1/2 course

C7: SP-2000: 2 yearly Eye Test included in DDC-6 course

7 Driver Driver mental stress leading to loss of concentrations

M C45: Drivers supervised by qualified staff and clear reporting lines defined


C46: Stress guidance available to drivers and driver supervisors


C53: Vehicle appropriate for task (load, journey & road conditions)

C65: Drivers with high self esteem


C100: Driver complaint feedback mechanism

8 Driver Driver physically unfit M C9: SP-2000: Medical examination every two years for professional drivers

C47: SP-1230: 2 yearly medical for all staff (incl drivers)

C48: Driver well fed C10: SP-2000: Driver well rested - drive/rest and sleep/shift patterns defined and adhered to.

C86: Health and Fitness programs for drivers

C74: Maximum age for drivers

9 Driver Driver vision affected: external reasons (glare, stickers, maneuvering)

L C42: SP-1234: Use of Sun Glasses in strong glare


C101: Banksman/Helper for large/heavy vehicles (DDC/2)

C15: SP-2000: Reversing Alarms on HGV & Buses

10

Driver Driver under influence of alcohol, drugs or medicine

L C41: Alcohol and drugs policy & campaigns


C87: Records & distribution of medicines by Company Doctor/Male nurse

C88: Warning labels on medication (when it creates drowsiness)



5.2.2 The Road Transport Bow Tie: Threats caused by “the Vehicle”High level: 4 threats


Consequence


Consequence




by Vehicle

Threat

Vehicle inappropriate fortask

Threat

Vehicle in poorcondition/maintenance

(minormaintenance/checks): tire

Threat

Vehicle in poorcondition/maintenance(major maintenance)

Threat

Vehicle poor tires


The Road Transport Bow Tie: Threats caused by “the Vehicle”4 threats and their associated controls (see table on following pages for improved readability).




by Vehicle

C20: SP-2000: Safe JourneyManagement Procedures

C22: SP-2000: Pre-start up RASvehicle inspection

C55: Tire condition & pressurechecked during daily checks

C56: Defect reporting system used bydrivers

C45: Drivers supervised by qualifiedstaff and clear reporting lines defined

C23: SP-2000: Annual vehicleinspection (RAS sticker)

C36: RSMT Monitoring/coaching

C54: SP-2000: Tires - drivers trainedin correct tire changing methods

C11: SP-2000: Vehicle specificationsfor vehicle and road type

C26: SP-2000: Vehicle daily checks bydriver (RAS)

C36: RSMT Monitoring/coaching

C17: SP-2000: Tire pressure markedon wheel arches

Threat

Vehicle in poorcondition/maintenance

(minormaintenance/checks): tire

C53: Vehicle appropriate for task(load, journey & road conditions)

C27: SP-2000: Vehicle modificationsapproved by vehicle manufacturer

C16: SP-2000: Tires specification andselection as per manufacturer and

SP-2000

Threat

Vehicle inappropriate fortask

Threat

Vehicle poor tires

C26: SP-2000: Vehicle daily checks bydriver (RAS)

C56: Defect reporting system used bydrivers

C25: SP-2000: Vehicle maintained tomanufacturers recommendations

(RAS)

C24: SP-2000: Vehicle regularinspection and maintenance (RAS

monthly inspection)

Threat

Vehicle in poorcondition/maintenance(major maintenance)


The Road Transport Bow Tie: Threats caused by “the Vehicle”4 threats and their associated controls in table format for improved readability.

Group Threat Risk Control 1 Control 2 Control 3 Control 4 Control 5 Control 6 Control 7 Control 8

11 Vehicle Vehicle poor tires M C16: SP-2000: Tyre specification and selection as per manufacturer and SP-2000

C17: SP-2000: Tyre pressure marked on wheel arches

C54: Tyres - drivers trained in correct wheel changing methods

C55: Tyre condition & pressure checked during daily checks

12 Vehicle Vehicle in poor condition/maintenance (major maintenance)

M C24: SP-2000: Vehicle regular inspection and maintenance (RAS monthly inspection)

C25: SP-2000: Vehicle maintained to manufacturers recommendations (RAS)

C56: Vehicle Defect reporting system used by drivers

C26: SP-2000: Vehicle daily checks by driver (RAS)

C27: SP-2000: Vehicle modifications approved by vehicle manufacturer


C23: SP-2000: Annual Vehicle inspection (RAS sticker)

C22: SP-2000: Pre-start up RAS Vehicle Inspection

13 Vehicle Vehicle in poor condition or maintenance (minor maintenance/checks): tire change, oil/water check, battery acid, hot parts, rotating parts, hydraulic pressure

M C26: SP-2000: Vehicle daily checks by driver (RAS)



14 Vehicle Vehicle inappropriate for task L C53: Vehicle appropriate for task (load, journey & road conditions)

C11: SP-2000: Vehicle specifications for vehicle & road type

C45: Drivers supervised by qualified staff and clear reporting lines defined




5.2.3 The Road Transport Bow Tie: Threats caused by “the Load in or on the vehicle”High level: 5 threats


Consequence


Consequence




by Load in/onvehicle

Threat

Passengers as "load"

Threat

Oversized loads

Threat

Loads not correctlysecured/dropping off

Threat

Bulk liquids movableweight

Threat

Overloaded/instabilityweight & distribution


The Road Transport Bow Tie: Threats caused by “the Load in or on the vehicle”5 threats and their associated controls (see table on following pages for improved readability).


H-08.01(3) Onland transport

(driving)

Loc: RoadTransport

Event:Accidentcaused byLoad in/on

C1: SP-2000: DDC-1/2Defensive DrivingTraining adressing

behaviour, attitude and

C92: Training andcompetence assurance on

loading vehicles andsecuring loads

C64: On road load andvehicle checks by driver

en-route

C33: SP-2000: Rigpre-mobilisationinspection and

rectification, and pre

C23: SP-2000: Annualvehicle inspection (RAS

sticker)

C4: SP-2000: DDC-5training for bus drivers

C91: SP-XXXX COP forloading vehicles and

securing loads



C93: Provide adequateload securing equipmentand inspect this material


C89: ROP Road sidechecks (enforcement)

C92: Training andcompetence assurance on

loading vehicles andsecuring loads

C3: SP-2000: DDC-4training for tanker drivers

C90: ROP Loadrestrictions (traffic law)

C94: Passengers not todistract drivers


C19: SP-2000: Tankerspecifications (Center ofgravity, Skids on min 2.8

m wide trailors, tank

C91: SP-XXXX COP forloading vehicles and

securing loads

C61: Qualified supervisorchecks loading before

start of journey

Threat

Bulk liquidsmovable weight

C35: SP-2000: All vehicleoccupants to wear

seatbelts


start of journey


C53: Vehicle appropriatefor task (load, journey &

road conditions)

Threat

Passengers as"load"

C63: Provide escortseither from ROP of

company dependent ontraffic regulations, load

Roof-racks only used inspecial circumstances,weight limit imposed


C90: ROP Loadrestrictions (traffic law)



start of journey

Threat

Oversized loads

Threat

Loads notcorrectly

secured/dropping

C60: Weigh bridges:check that vehicle is not

overloaded

C53: Vehicle appropriatefor task (load, journey &

road conditions)

Threat

Overloaded/instability weight &

distribution


The Road Transport Bow Tie: Threats caused by “the Load in or on the vehicle”5 threats and their associated controls in table format for improved readability.

Group Threat Risk Control 1 Control 2 Control 3 Control 4 Control 5 Control 6 Control 7 Control 8 Control 9

15 Load in/on Vehicle

Overloaded/instability weight and distribution

M C53: Vehicle appropriate for task (load, journey & road conditions)

C60: Weigh bridges: check that vehicle is not overloaded

C61: Qualified supervisor checks loading before start of journey

C62: Roof-racks only used in special circumstances, weight limit imposed

C89: ROP Road side checks (enforcement)


C90: ROP Load restrictions (traffic law)

C91: SP-2001: Specification for loading vehicles and securing loads

C92: Training and competence assurance on loading vehicles and securing loads (supervisory & rigger/driver level)


Bulk liquids movable weight

M C19: SP-2000: Tanker specifications (Centre of Gravity, Skids on min 2.8 m wide trailers, tank baffles/compartments)

C3: SP-2000: DDC-4 training for tanker drivers




Loads not correctly secured/dropping off

M C89: ROP Road side checks (enforcement)



C91: SP-2001: Specification for loading vehicles and securing loads


C93: Provide adequate load securing equipment and inspection of this material

C64: Load and vehicle checks by driver during journey


Oversized loads M C90: ROP Load restrictions (traffic law)

C63: Provide escorts either from ROP or Company dependent on traffic regulations, load size





C33: SP-2000: Rig Pre-mobilisation , and pre move inspections (SP-2000 Convoy procedure)


Passengers as "load" M C35: SP-2000: All vehicle occupants to wear seatbelts

C94: Passengers not to distract drivers


C4: SP-2000: DDC-5 training for bus drivers




5.2.4 The Road Transport Bow Tie: Threats caused by “the Road and the Environment”High level: 11 threats


Consequence


Consequence




by Road andEnvironment

Threat

Wind forces

Threat

Off road driving hazards

Threat

Objects above road:height restrictions

Threat

Steep gradient (existing)

Threat

Heat & dehydrationleading to fatigue/loss of

concentration

Threat

Rain affecting roadsurface: slippery, wadis

Threat

Poor visibility (night)

Threat

Poor visibility (dust, fog,rain)

Threat

Obstructions: permanentor temporary

Threat

Poor maintenance ofroads

Threat

Poor design of roads &parking areas (PDO &

government)


5.2.4 The Road Transport Bow Tie: Threats caused by “the Road and the Environment”11 threats and their associated controls (see table on following pages for improved readability)




by Road andEnvironment


C1: SP-2000: DDC-1/2 DefensiveDriving Training adressing behaviour,

attitude and DD skills



C30: SP-2000: Headlights switched onand high intensity rear lights for

graded roads

C21: SP-2000: Maximum speed limitsfor different road types & signs for

lower limits



C71: Water levels marked on poles atwadi crossings. Do not cross if level is

over mark (ERD)

C13: SP2000: Air conditioning in allvehicles


C103: Pre-start up inspection byexpert team of new roads prior to

release for use

C73: Procedure for permits to passbelow power-lines



C6: SP-2000: Eye test prior toattending DDC-1/2 course

C78: Road safety campaigns (postersetc.) both in house PDO and at

national level



national level



C97: Temporary road signs: warningspoor road conditions & road works

C97: Temporary road signs: warningspoor road conditions & road works

C63: Provide escorts either from ROPof company dependent on traffic

regulations, load size

C102: Road detailed design review byexpert teams prior to release for

construction

C68: Halt all traffic during adverseweather conditions - close roads

Threat

Wind forces

C11: SP-2000: Vehicle specificationsfor vehicle and road type

C7: SP-2000: 2 yearly Eye TestIncluded in DDC-6 course


C69: Clear sign posting of permanenthazards (steep gradients etc.)

C90: ROP Load restrictions (trafficlaw)

C96: Preset road inspection programfor different road types and classes


C66: Road design & construction tolaid down standards

C2: SP-2000: DDC-3 training gradedand off-road

C24: SP-2000: Vehicle regularinspection and maintenance (RAS

monthly inspection)

Threat

Obstructions: permanentor temporary

Threat

Poor design of roads &parking areas (PDO &

government)

C2: SP-2000: DDC-3 training gradedand off-road

C95: Road condition feedback formand corrective action system




C34: SP-2000: Night drivingrestrictions



C31: SP-2000: Dust code forovertaking and oncoming vehicles

C53: Vehicle appropriate for task(load, journey & road conditions)

Threat


Threat

Heat & dehydrationleading to fatigue/loss of

concentration

Threat

Poor visibility (dust, fog,rain)

Threat


C72: Overhead goal post heightmarkers


national level

C67: Maintenance of roads tostandard (ERD ??)


Threat

Objects above road:height restrictions

Threat


Threat

Rain affecting roadsurface: slippery, wadis

Threat

Poor maintenance ofroads


5.2.4 The Road Transport Bow Tie: Threats caused by “the Road and the Environment”11 threats and their associated controls in table format for improved readability.

Group Threat Risk Control 1 Control 2 Control 3 Control 4 Control 520 Road and

EnvironmentPoor design of roads & parking area's (PDO & Government)

M C66: Road design & construction to standards (ERD's). Review ERDs as necessary.

C102: Road detailed design review by expert teams prior to release for construction

C103: Pre-start up inspection by expert team of new roads prior to release for use (Road Pre start-up audit)

21 Road and Environment

Poor maintenance of roads

M C67: Maintenance of roads to standard (ERD)

C95: Road condition feedback form and corrective action system

C96: Preset road inspection program for different road types and classes

C97: Temporary road signs: warnings poor road conditions & road works



Obstructions: permanent or temporary

M C69: Clear sign posting of permanent hazards (steep gradients, etc)




Poor visibility (dust, fog, rain )

M C31: SP-2000: Dust code for overtaking and oncoming vehicles

C2: SP-2000: DDC-3 training graded and off-road


C30: SP-2000: Headlights switched on and high intensity rear lights for graded roads



M C34: SP-2000: Night driving restrictions


C6: SP-2000: Eye test prior to attending DDC-1/2 course




Group Threat Risk Control 1 Control 2 Control 3 Control 4 Control 525 Road and

EnvironmentRain affecting road surface: slippery, wadis

M C78: Road Safety campaigns (posters, etc) both in-house PDO and at National level



C68: Halt all traffic during adverse weather conditions-close roads

C71: Water levels marked on poles at wadi crossings. Do not cross if level is over mark (ERD).


Heat & dehydration leading to fatigue/loss of concentration







L C69: Clear sign posting of permanent hazards (steep gradients, etc)


C24: SP-2000: Vehicle regular inspection and maintenance (RAS monthly inspection)




Objects above road: height restrictions

L C72: Overhead goal post height markers

C69: Clear sign posting of permanent hazards (steep gradients, etc)



C73: Procedure for permits to pass below power-lines



L C2: SP-2000: DDC-3 training graded and off-road



C21: SP-2000: Maximum speed limits for different road types & signs in place to denote lower limits.


Wind forces L C1: SP-2000: DDC-1/2 Defensive Driving Training addressing Behaviour, Attitude and DD skills




5.2.5 The Road Transport Bow Tie: Threats caused by “Other Road Users”High level: 3 threats


Consequence


Consequence




by Other RoadUser

Threat

Pedestrian behaviour: invillages, in workshops,sleeping on and around

the vehicle

Threat

Other vehicle driver poorbehaviour (reckless,speed, unexpected

moves

Threat

Animals (camels, goats,donkeys, etc.)


5.2. 5 The Road Transport Bow Tie: Threats caused by “Other Road Users”3 threats and their associated controls (see table on following pages for improved readability)




by Other RoadUser

C29: SP-2000: Resting under vehiclesor trailers is prohibited

C59: Awareness of Road Hazards bylocal communities, road safety

educational programmes

C34: SP-2000: Night drivingrestrictions




national level

C98: Goverment cooperation andlobby for improving road safety

standards in Oman


national level


national level



Threat

Pedestrian behaviour: invillages, in workshops,sleeping on and around

the vehicle

Threat

Animals (camels, goats,donkeys, etc.)



Threat

Other vehicle driver poorbehaviour (reckless,speed, unexpected

moves


5.2.5 The Road Transport Bow Tie: Threats caused by “Other Road Users”3 threats and their associated controls in table format for improved readability.

Group Threat Risk Control 1 Control 2 Control 3 Control 431 Other

Road User

Other vehicle driver poor behavior (reckless, speed, unexpected moves)



C98: Government cooperation and lobby for improving road safety standards in Oman

C59: Awareness of Road Hazards by local communities, road safety education programs

32 Other Road User

Pedestrian behavior: in villages, in workshops, sleeping on and around the vehicle.



C29: SP-2000: Resting under vehicles or trailers is prohibited

33 Other Road User

Animals (camels, goats, donkeys, etc)






5.2.6 The Road Transport Bow Tie: Threats caused by “Other Causes”High level: 2 threats


Consequence


Consequence



Loc: Road TransportEvent: Other accident

cause (Misc.)

Threat

Poor supervision/contractmanagement (indirect

threat)

Threat

Logistics/transportplanning: excess

kilometers/exposure


The Road Transport Bow Tie: Threats caused by “Other Causes”2 threats and their associated controls (see table on following pages for improved readability)




cause (Misc.)

C105: Compliance with contractmanagement procedures: pre-qual,

pre-start up, etc.

C44: Fly instead of driving kilometerexposure

Threat


threat)

C104: Logistics strategies resulting inkm reduction

Threat


kilometers/exposure


The Road Transport Bow Tie: Threats caused by “Other Causes”2 threats and their associated controls in table format for improved readability.

Group Threat Risk Control 1 Control 234 Other Logistics/transport

planning: excess kilometers/exposure

M C104: Logistics strategies resulting in km reduction

C44: Fly instead of driving: reduce driving kilometre exposure

35 Other Poor supervision/contract management (indirect threat)

M C105: Compliance with contract management procedures: pre-qual, pre-start up, etc



5.2.7 The Road Transport Bow Tie: “Consequences” of an RTA and “Recovery” controlsHigh level: 2 consequences


Consequence


Consequence




cause (Misc.)

Threat


threat)

Threat


kilometers/exposure

Road Accident


The Road Transport Bow Tie: “Consequences” of an RTA and “Recovery” controls2 consequences and their associated barriers/controls (see table on following pages for improved readability)


Consequence


C200: Fuel containers purpose built,metallic, red, carried outside vehicle,

groundedC35: SP-2000: All vehicle occupants to

wear seatbeltsC208: SP-2000: Rollover bars in all

LV'sC207: SP-2000: Cargo net/rack

separating luggage from passengers

Consequence


C202: SP-2000: Fire extinguisher ineach vehicle

C206: Emergency Response PlansGovernment

C204: First Aid training by allprofessional drivers

C205: Emergency Response PlansPDO

C203: SP-2000: First Aid kit in eachvehicle

C204: First Aid training by allprofessional drivers

C206: Emergency Response PlansGovernment

C203: SP-2000: First Aid kit in eachvehicle

C205: Emergency Response PlansPDO

C202: SP-2000: Fire extinguisher ineach vehicle

C209: SP-2000: No bull bar allowed

C201: SP-2000: Airbags for driver andfront seat passenger (LV registered

after 01/09/2001



cause (Misc.)


The Road Transport Bow Tie: “Consequences” of an RTA and “Recovery” controls2 consequences and their associated barriers/controls in table format for improved readability.

Group Consequence Risk Control 1 Control 2 Control 3 Control 4 Control 5 Control 61 Conse-

quenceDriver or Passenger fatalaty/LTI

H C201: SP-2000: Airbags for driver and front seat passenger (LV registered after 1/Sept/2001)

C202: SP-2000: Fire extinguisher in each vehicle

C203: SP-2000: First Aid Kit in each Vehicle

C204: First Aid Training to all professional drivers

C205: Emergency Response Plans PDO

C206: Emergency Response Plans Government

Control 7 Control 8 Control 9 Control 10C207: SP-2000: Cargo net/rack separating luggage from passengers

C208: SP-2000: Rollover bars in all LV's

C35: SP-2000: All vehicle occupants to wear seatbelts

C200: Fuel containers purpose built, metallic, colour coded, carried outside vehicle, grounded

Group Consequence Risk Control 1 Control 2 Control 3 Control 4 Control 5 Control 62 Conse-

quenceThird party fatality/LTI

H C209: SP-2000: No bull bar allowed (SP-2000)




C204: First Aid Training to all professional drivers



PDO Road Transport HSE Case6. Road Transport HSE Critical Tasks

This chapter describes the HSE Critical tasks/activities that are required to ensure that the controls/barriers listed in chapter 5 are in place. The tables below list 117 controls. For each control two HSE Critical tasks are defined:

At Corporate Level: This is the PDO corporate organization (or in case of a Contractor using the HSE case: the corporate origination of tat Company).

At a User Level: Because Road Transport is executed by so many different parties it is NOT possible to identify responsible parties in specific terms. Generic roles are described. Not all controls will apply to every user.

It is the responsibility of the user of this case to define who specifically in his organization is responsible for the HSE Critical Tasks defined on each control. It is suggested that the user amends the tables below to make them specific for his organization.

Cont No.

Control Description HSE Critical Task: Corporate

Responsible Party:

Corporate

TaskCritical H,M,L

HSE Critical Task: HSE Case User Responsible Party:

Case User

Task Crit H,M,L

C1 SP-2000: DDC-1/2 Defensive Driving Training addressing Behaviour, Attitude and DD skills

Quality Control of Course Delivery - Management of DDC Contract, Approval of Instructors, Audit and Review of PDO Approved Course Providers, mediation in disputes, updating course content and distributing updates to approved Course Providers. Liaison with ROP as necessary.

Corporate Road Safety Advisor

H 1) Ensure that all eligible personnel undertake training as relevant for vehicle/road type. 2) After training and assessment ensure that drivers hold valid PDO driving permit for vehicle/road type. 3) Exercise Defensive Driving techniques as taught on DDC programme at all times when operating vehicles.

1) + 2) Supervisors/Managers

3) Drivers,

H

C2 SP-2000: DDC-3 training graded and off-road





3) Drivers,

H

C3 SP-2000: DDC-4 training for tanker drivers





3) Drivers,

H


PDO Road Transport HSE CaseCont No.


Responsible Party:

Corporate

TaskCritical H,M,L


Case User

Task Crit H,M,L

C4 SP-2000: DDC-5 training for bus drivers





3) Drivers,

H

C5 SP-2000: DDC-6 Yearly professional assessment drive

Set criteria for annual professional assessment drive and ensure criteria are being met fairly and transparently by approved DDC Providers




3) Drivers,

H

C6 SP-2000: Eye test prior to attending DDC-1/2 course

Include in DDC-01 and DDC-02 courses for each driver .-eye test as specified by PDO Medical Dept.Confirm compliance in annual audits


M 1) Ensure Course Participants who fail the vision test are referred to an Optician. Provide corrective eye wear if required.. 2) Wear corrective eyewear as necessary at all times when driving vehicles.

1) Supervisors/Managers

2) Drivers,

H

C7 SP-2000: 2 yearly Eye Test included in DDC-6 course

Include in DDC-06 courses for each driver every 2nd year.-eye test as specified by PDO Medical Dept.Confirm compliance in annual audits


M 1) Ensure Course Participants who fail the vision test are referred to an Optician. Provide corrective eye wear if required.. 2) Wear corrective eyewear as necessary at all times when driving vehicles.

1) Supervisors/Managers

2) Drivers,

H

C8 SP-2000: 21 yrs minimum age for drivers

Review as necessary minimum age for driver rule in SP-2000 . Advise PDO line and Contractors on application of rule.

Corporate Road Safety Adviser CSM15 Head of Safety Systems and Road Safety CSM1

M Any person under the minimum age shall not be permitted to operate vehicles on PDO operational activities. Drivers shall declare their age honestly.

Responsible Supervisors and Drivers.

H

C9 SP-2000: Medical examination every two years for professional drivers

PDO medical staff to define content of medical examination and specify in standard.. Ensure examination is in line with PDO Medical Standards through audit

PDO Medical Department (MCO)

M Ensure that all professional drivers undergo medical examination as specified and keep appropriate records

Responsible Supervisors and Drivers.

H

C10 SP-2000: Driver well rested - drive/rest and sleep/shift patterns defined and adhered to.

Review definition of rest/duty periods in SP-2000 and update as necessary. Liase with PDO Occupational Health staff as necessary for Omani Labour Law/PDO Baseline Matrix content. Provide input into Incident Investigation where driver fatigue may be a causal factor. Awareness campaigns annually

Corporate Road Safety Adviser Head of PDO Safety Systems and Road Safety PDO Occupational Health Section

M Ensure compliance with driver rest patterns as defined in SP-2000. Drivers shall responsibly observe rest periods at an individual level. Communicate to Supervisors and Drivers importance of avoiding fatigue via HSE Meetings and distribution of relevant information. Drivers shall report to Supervisors instances when they are fatigued to the point that operating a vehicle would pose a risk. Supervisors shall intervene as necessary to prevent fatigued drivers operating vehicles. Apply safe Journey Management procedures.

Responsible Supervisors and Drivers. Safe Journey Managers

H




Responsible Party:

Corporate

TaskCritical H,M,L


Case User

Task Crit H,M,L

C11 SP-2000: Vehicle specifications for vehicle & road type

Maintain current standards for vehicle specification according to ROP Traffic Law/Shell Group Standards and PDO requirements and update SP-2000 as necessary when standards are revised or renewed.

Corporate Road Safety Adviser

M Ensure that the correct vehicle is selected and used according to activity and road type. Drivers shall not operate vehicles they know to be incorrect for task/road.

Responsible Supervisors, Drivers.

H

C12 SP-2000: Radio- cassette player fitted and working

Maintain current PDO requirement for radio cassette in vehicles used on PDO business and update SP-2000 as necessary when standard is revised or renewed.


L Ensure radio cassette is fitted and working during daily vehicle inspection. Corrective action shall be taken immediately where units are found to be defective. Drivers shall report defective units to Supervisors for timely follow up action.


M

C13 SP-2000: Air Conditioning in all vehicles

Maintain current PDO requirement for air conditioning in vehicles used on PDO business and update SP-2000 as necessary when standard is revised or renewed.


L Ensure air conditioning is fitted and working during daily vehicle inspection. Corrective action shall be taken immediately where units are found to be defective. Drivers shall report defective units to Supervisors for timely follow up action. During periods of intense summer heat no authorisation of long journeys in vehicles with defective air conditioning.

Responsible Supervisors, Drivers, Safe Journey Managers.

M

C14 SP-2000: Speed Limiter requirements on all vehicle types

Maintain current PDO requirement for speed limiters fitted on applicable vehicles used on PDO business and update SP-2000 as necessary when standard is revised or renewed. Ensure approved RAS Inspection agencies and RSMT are fully appraised on changes to requirement. Provide advice as necessary to PDO line and Contractors as to appropriate speed limiting devices to fit and differing requirements per location/road type.


M Ensure that speed limiting devices are fitted and working as appropriate on all relevant vehicles. . Conduct periodic Safety checks per SP-2000 Roadworthiness Assurance Standards to ensure speed limiters are fitted and working as necessary. Vehicles shall not be used unless appropriate devices, per SP-2000 requirements are fitted. Tampering with speed limiters shall be subject to disciplinary action as per agreed disciplinary procedures/Consequence management .

Responsible Managers Supervisors, Drivers,Vehicle Maintenance staff

H

C15 SP-2000: Reversing Alarms on HGV & Buses

Maintain current PDO requirement for reversing alarms for HGV's and buses used on PDO business and update SP-2000 as necessary when standard is revised or renewed.


L Ensure reversing alarms are fitted and working during daily vehicle inspection. Corrective action shall be taken immediately where units are found to be defective. Report defective units to Supervisors for timely follow up action. Do not authorise vehicles with defective reversing alarms for use.

Responsible Supervisors, Drivers, Safe Journey Managers.

M




Responsible Party:

Corporate

TaskCritical H,M,L


Case User

Task Crit H,M,L

C16 SP-2000: Tyre specification and selection as per manufacturer and SP-2000

Ensure specifications for tyres contained in SP-2000 are current and up-to-date for ROP Traffic Law/Shell Group and PDO requirement. Provide further advice to PDO line and Contractors as necessary. Provide specialist input into RTA Investigation where defective tyres may be a causal factor. Liase with vehicle and tyre dealerships in Oman for current advice on tyres as necessary.


M Purchasing and fitting of tyres specifically controlledto meet requirements(manufacturers/terrain/load

Manager/Fleet maintenancesupervisor

H

C17 SP-2000: Tyre pressure marked on wheel arches

Update SP-2000 requirements for tyre pressures to be displayed on vehicle wheel arches in accordance with any changes to tyre requirements as per C16 above


L Responsible Supervisors and drivers shall ensure that tyre pressures are displayed on vehicles . HSE Advisers shall monitor compliance as part of routine inspection/audit programme.

Responsible Supervisors and Drivers. HSE Advisers.

MH

C18 SP-2000: Light Vehicles registered after 1/Sept/2001 shall be fitted with ABS brakes

Ensure specifications for Anti-Lock Brakes contained in SP-2000 are current and up-to-date for ROP Traffic Law/Shell Group and PDO requirement. Liase with vehicle dealerships in Oman for current advice on ABS availability and provide information to PDO Contract Holders and Contractors as necessary.


L Ensure that all vehicles used on PDO Contracts meet vehicle safety requirements including ABS brakes on Light Vehicles registered after 1st September 2001. Monitor compliance as part of routine inspection/audit programme on contracts.

Responsible supervisors

H

C19 SP-2000: Tanker specifications (Centre of Gravity, Skids on min 2.8 m wide trailers, tank baffles/compartments)

Maintain standard in SP-2000 - amend as necessary in accordance with changes to ROP/Shell Group standards.


M Ensure that all tanker vehicles used on contracts shall meet standards defined in SP-2000.

Responsible Supervisors

H

C20 SP-2000: Safe Journey Management Procedures

Maintain SJM Procedures in SP-2000 and update/review as necessary. Advise PDO Line and Contractors on updates. Provide specialist input into RTA investigation where inadequate Journey Management may be a contributory factor. Safe Journey Managers training in place and quality controlled annually.


M All relevant journeys (as defined in Safe Journey Management Procedures) shall be authorised by trained, competent and authorised Safe Journey Managers. Drivers shall carry Safe Journey Plans for all relevant journeys and comply with rest breaks, route planning and contact points as described. Authorising Persons shall periodically check compliance with SJM Procedures as per schedule in SP-2000 Appendix III.

Authorising Persons, Safe Journey Managers, Drivers.

H




Responsible Party:

Corporate

TaskCritical H,M,L


Case User

Task Crit H,M,L

C21 SP-2000: Maximum speed limits for different road types & signs in place to denote lower limits.

General speed limits for vehicle type are set in SP-2000. Signs (complying with ERD-89-01) shall be displayed showing limits . Review as necessary.

Corporate Road Safety Adviser CFDH for Civil Engineering

L All drivers shall comply with stated speed limits (both PDO and National) but shall driver at lower speeds than those stated when weather/road conditions dictate. Safe Journey Managers shall remind drivers of speed limits and warn of weather/road conditions where necessary. Responsible Supervisors shall ensure drivers comply with speed limits when they are in the vehicle. Road asset Managers to ensure installation and maintenance of correct speed signs.

Responsible Supervisors, Safe Journey Managers, Drivers, Road Asset Owners

H

C22 SP-2000: Pre-start up RAS Vehicle Inspection

Set standards and criteria for pre-start up RAS Inspections and monitor implementation and QA by approved RAS agencies, and compliance by users via RSMT.


M Ensure that all vehicles intended for use undergo RAS Pre-start inspection as prescribed in SP-2000 Appendix II. Compliance to be monitored

Contract Managers, Responsible Supervisors, Contract Holders

H

C23 SP-2000: Annual Vehicle inspection (RAS sticker)

Set standards and criteria for RAS Annual Vehicle Inspections and monitor implementation and QA by approved RAS agencies, and compliance by users via RSMT.


M Ensure that all vehicles used on contract undergo Roadworthiness Assurance (RAS) Annual Vehicle Inspection as prescribed in SP-2000 Appendix II. Prior to every journey ensure vehicles are in compliance with RAS

Contract Managers, Responsible Supervisors, Safe Journey Managers, drivers, Maintenance supervisors

H

C24 SP-2000: Vehicle regular inspection and maintenance (RAS monthly inspection)

Set standards and criteria for RAS routine Vehicle Inspections and maintenance and monitor implementation and QA by approved RAS agencies, and compliance by users via RSMT.


M Ensure that all vehicles used on contract undergo RAS monthly Vehicle Inspection as prescribed in SP-2000 Appendix II and that any defects reported are followed-up and closed out immediately. Prior to every journey ensure vehicles are in compliance with RAS

Contract Managers, Responsible Supervisors, Safe Journey Managers, drivers, Maintenance supervisors

H

C25 SP-2000: Vehicle maintained to manufacturers recommendations (RAS)

Set RAS required routine vehicle maintenance standards in accordance with vehicle manufacturer recommendations


M Contract Managers and Responsible Supervisors shall ensure that all vehicles used on contract are maintained in accordance with manufacturers recommendations and defects are closed out..

Contract Managers, Responsible Supervisors, Vehicle Maintenance Supervisors

H

C26 SP-2000: Vehicle daily checks by driver (RAS)

Provide guidance and template in SP-2000 for daily vehicle checks. Monitor compliance via RSMT spot checks.


M Ensure that drivers carry out daily vehicle checks as required and that defects are reported and closed out, where necessary before the vehicle is used.

Responsible Supervisors, Safe Journey Managers, Drivers

H

C27 SP-2000: Vehicle modifications approved by vehicle manufacturer

Maintain clear guidance in SP-2000 on requirement for vehicle manufacturer approval for any vehicle modification. Provide further advice and clarification as necessary.


M Ensure that vehicle modifications where carried out, are approved by manufacturer. Ad hoc modifications to vehicles shall not be allowed.

Vehicle Maintenance Supervisors

H




Responsible Party:

Corporate

TaskCritical H,M,L


Case User

Task Crit H,M,L

C28 SP-2000: Remove vehicle keys when vehicle is parked or left unattended

Maintain requirement in SP-2000 and monitor compliance by user via RSMT spot checks in-field. Conduct awareness campaigns.


L Ensure that ignition keys are removed from vehicles when parked or left unattended.


M

C29 SP-2000: Resting under vehicles or trailers is prohibited



L Drivers shall not rest under trailers or vehicles. Ensure drivers are aware of this rule. Safe Journey Managers and Driver Forums shall remind drivers of this rule

Responsible Supervisors, Safe Journey Managers, Drivers,

M

C30 SP-2000: Headlights switched on and high intensity rear lights for graded roads

Maintain requirement in SP-2000 and monitor compliance by user via RSMT spot checks in-field. Conduct awareness campaigns


L Switch on headlights and high intensity rear lights and ensure lights are on at all times when driving on graded roads. Rules for driving on graded roads shall be reiterated during HSE Meetings, Driver Forums and Toolbox Talks. Safe Journey Managers shall also remind drivers on departure for journeys on graded roads.

Drivers, Responsible Supervisors, Safe Journey Managers

M

C31 SP-2000: Dust code for overtaking and oncoming vehicles



H Do not overtake in dust. Observe the 'dust code' at all times when driving on graded roads. The dust rule shall be reinforced via tool box talks, Driver forums, and in HSE Meetings. Remind drivers of rule on departure for journeys on graded roads.


H

C32 SP-2000: "No GSM" rules (hands-on & hands-off)

Maintain requirement in SP-2000 and monitor compliance by user via RSMT spot checks in-field. Reiterate advice via Driver Forums etc. Monitor and update PDO rule in accordance with ROP Traffic Regulations. Conduct awareness campaigns.


M Drivers shall not use GSM's whilst driving. Ensure compliance with rule when traveling. Drivers who contravene rule shall be subject to agreed disciplinary procedures. HSE Advisers and Safe Journey Managers shall reinforce rule through daily journey instructions. Conduct, HSE Meetings and tool box talks on the rules..


H

C33 SP-2000: Rig Pre-mobilisation , and pre move inspections (SP-2000 Convoy procedure)

Maintain and update requirements in SP-2000 and liase with PDO Well Engineering/Logistics Departments to ensure consistency in drilling and logistics operations

Corporate Road Safety Adviser , Well Engineering (TWM/11) and TLM

M Comply with SP-2000 Appendix IV - Convoy Movements at all times when the rules apply. Ensure rig-move contractors are fully briefed as to the Convoy Movements requirement and have the necessary equipment for compliance.

Contract Holder, Rig-Supervisors Rig Move Supervisors, Rig move drivers

H

C34 SP-2000: Night driving restrictions

Maintain standard in SP-2000. Provide further advice and clarification as necessary on permissible night driving. Review and Update standard as necessary. Conduct awareness campaigns.


H Ensure that the PDO night driving rules are applied at all times. Night driving shall only be allowed in accordance with the exemptions specified in SP-2000 section 2.2.6. Drivers shall abide by the rules.

Responsible Supervisors, Safe Journey Managers, Journey Authorisers, Contract Holders. Area Co-coordinators/Department Heads where authorisation is needed for night driving. drivers.

H




Responsible Party:

Corporate

TaskCritical H,M,L


Case User

Task Crit H,M,L

C35 SP-2000: All vehicle occupants to wear seatbelts

Maintain rule in SP-2000 and promote at each appropriate opportunity, during Drivers Forums and LTI Free Clubs and initiatives. Conduct awareness campaigns.


H All vehicle occupants shall wear seatbelts at all times when traveling. Drivers shall not start the vehicle and embark on journey until all vehicle occupants have secured their seatbelts. Responsible Supervisors shall ensure rule is observed at all times. Senior Managers and Contract Holders shall set the example by always wearing their seatbelt.

Drivers,Passengers H

C36 RSMT Monitoring/Coaching

Manage RSMT contract and liase with RSMT Coastal based Team Leader to ensure RSMT activities are in line with Corporate requirement.


M RSMT coaches and mentors drivers in good driving behaviour and promote understanding of roadworthiness of vehicles. Drivers and Responsible Supervisors shall respond to RSMT reports and correct reported deficiencies. Contract Holders to review monthly RSMT reports with contractor Management..

RSMT, drivers,Contract Holders Responsible Supervisors

H

C37 Incentives for desired behaviour (Hearts and Minds)

Provide guidance and Awareness Campaigns where appropriate for incentives.

Corporate Road Safety Adviser and CSM/7Hearts and Minds Planner

M Execute incentive schemes for drivers Responsible Supervisors, Contract Managers and Contract Holders

M

C38 Penalties for breaking rules: violation letter MD

Set guidance on appropriate action to take in the event of non-compliance with PDO road safety requirement ie. Consequence Management. Mediate in disputes.

CSM / HRR H Impose penalties on individuals who willfully contravene road safety rules. Penalties shall only be imposed after a full and fair investigation and in strict accordance with agreed disciplinary process, and on a case-by-case basis. Human Resources input shall be sought. Contractors to have a Consequence Management process.

Contract Managers, Responsible Supervisors, with Human Resources Personnel input.

H

C39 Formal competence requirements defined for different driver/vehicle types

Set minimum competence standards for drivers..


H Ensure that Drivers meet prescribed minimum competency standards for specific driving environments..

Contract Holders and Contract Managers, Responsible supervisors.

H

C40 Clear and well communicated rules (ROP & PDO)

Update SP-2000/SP-2001 as required and communicate contents to PDO and Contractor personnel. Conduct awareness campaigns.


H Via everyday communication, HSE Meetings and Tool Box Talks clearly communicate relevant ROP Traffic Law and PDO Road Safety Rules to drivers.


H

C41 Alcohol and drugs policy & campaigns

Develop campaigns to raise awareness of hazards associated with driving under influence of alcohol or drugs. relevant parties to ensure cultural suitability of campaigns before roll-out.

Corporate Road Safety Adviser PDO Medical/Occupational Health personnel (MCO/CSM3)

L Communicate the PDO Alcohol and Drugs Policy via HSE Meetings, Driver Forums and Toolbox Talks. Do not operate vehicles when under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Male Nurses and Company Doctors shall provide further advice and assistance as necessary.

Responsible Supervisors, Safe Journey Managers, drivers, Male Nurses, Company Doctors

M

C42 SP-1234: Use of Sun Glasses in strong glare



L Ensure drivers are provided with appropriate sunglasses (meeting required International Standards) for use when driving in strong sunlight. Drivers shall wear sunglasses when needed.

Responsible Supervisors, Drivers

M




Responsible Party:

Corporate

TaskCritical H,M,L


Case User

Task Crit H,M,L

C43 Potable water available Conduct awareness campaigns. Corporate Road Safety Adviser

L Ensure that drivers have an adequate supply of potable drinking water at camp and also on board vehicles. Safe Journey Managers shall check with drivers that adequate drinking water is on board before driver embarks on journey.

Responsible Supervisors, Drivers, Safe Journey Managers

M

C44 Fly instead of driving: reduce driving kilometre exposure

Develop and set commuting Policy Head Logistics CFDH

H Adhere to Commuting policy and ensure that wherever practicable staff fly from Coast to Interior locations in order to reduce road kilometers and therefore RTA exposure. Monitor commuting on contracts to ensure rule is observed.

Contract Holders, Contract Managers, Responsible Supervisors, safe Journey Managers and journey Authorisers

H

C45 Drivers supervised by qualified staff and clear reporting lines defined

Develop competence standards for Transport Supervisors and maintain assurance that standards are met - see C40 above. Provide courses for remedial action during 2003.


H See C40 above. Ensure Supervisors with a responsibility to manage road transport operations and drivers shall be competent and equipped with the basic skills to effectively discharge their responsibilities.

Contract Holders and Contract Managers.

H

C46 Stress guidance available to drivers and driver supervisors

Ensure Transport Supervisors are made aware of stress related effects on driving via SP-1230. Provide advice via Driver Forums and input into RTA Investigation where stress may be a causal or contributory factor. Conduct awareness campaigns.

PDO Occupational Health Section CSM3 and Medical dept.

M Responsible Supervisors shall be aware of the effects of stress on personnel and shall intervene when it is apparent that individuals' behaviour is adversely affected by stress. In extreme cases drivers shall be assigned non-driving duties. Company Doctors and Male Nurses shall identify stress related conditions in drivers that present to them and suspend them from driving duties where necessary.

Responsible Supervisors, Company Doctors, Male Nurses

M

C47 SP-1230: 2 yearly medical for all staff (incl drivers)

Review SP-1230 as required. Audit compliance.

PDO Occupational Health Section (CSM3)

M Ensure all staff undergo medical examinations as per SP-1230 at specified intervals. In cases where individuals are identified as suffering from health conditions which could reduce their ability to operate a vehicle safely, they shall be assigned non-driving duties.

Responsible Supervisors, Company Doctors, Male Nurses

H

C48 Driver well fed Conduct awareness campaigns. PDO Occupational Health Section (CSM3)

M A balanced, nutritional diet shall be available for drivers when on duty. Ensure food or funds to purchase food on the journey is provided to drivers. Conduct inspections and audits.

Responsible Supervisors, Safe Journey Managers

M

C49 Supervisors aware of heat stress and current temperatures

Ensure Transport Supervisors are made aware of heat stress related effects on driving via SP-1230. Provide advice via Driver Forums, road safety and summer HSE initiatives. Conduct awareness campaigns.


M Responsible Supervisors and Safe Journry Managers shall be aware of the effects of heat stress and shall ensure that drivers are also aware of the effects. Where Supervisors identify drivers suffering from the effects of heat stress they shall intervene and prevent driving until the condition improves.

Responsible Supervisors, Safe Journey Managers drivers, Company Doctors, Male Nurses

M

C50 Use Professional drivers

Communicate clear PDO requirement through SP-2000 of using 'Professional Drivers' - clearly define the term. Monitor via RSMT spot checks.


L Review transport requirements and appoint professional drivers to assigned driving duties.


M




Responsible Party:

Corporate

TaskCritical H,M,L


Case User

Task Crit H,M,L

C51 In Vehicle Monitoring System( IVMS) - and Driver Merit System (DMS)

Set IVMS and DMS strategies Corporate Road Safety Adviser

M Implement IVMS/DMS strategies Road asset owners M

C52 Traffic calming hardware (speed bumps, rumble strips)

Identify areas of increased risk in PDO locations (MAF/RAH and field) and implement traffic calming hardware as necessary.

CFDH Roads M Review and implement traffic calming measures on owned roads

Drivers M

C53 Vehicle appropriate for task (load, journey & road conditions)

Produce, publish and maintain in SP-2000 & SP-2001 clear guidance on which vehicles are appropriate for specific tasks, loads and road conditions


M Ensure the correct vehicles for load and task are available for use. Responsible Supervisors and Safe Journey Managers hall ensure those vehicles are used for the appropriate task.

Contract Managers, Responsible Supervisors.Safe Journey Managers

H

C54 Tyres - drivers trained in correct wheel changing methods

Conduct awareness campaigns. Corporate Road Safety Adviser

L Responsible Supervisors shall ensure that all drivers are equipped with the basic skills to enable them to change a wheel.


M

C55 Tyre condition & pressure checked during daily checks

Requirement of daily checks per RAS. Conduct awareness campaigns.


M Check tyre condition and pressure as part of routine daily vehicle inspections. Where defects are identified they shall be reported to Responsible Supervisors and corrective action shall be taken by Mechanics before the vehicle is driven. Tyre condition and type shall be checked during daily vehicle inspections by drivers, and roadside checks by RSMT. Vehicles with defective and/or incorrect tyres shall not be used until corrective action has been taken. Drivers shall report defective tyre conditions to Supervisors for immediate action.

Drivers, Responsible Supervisors, Vehicle Maintenance staff

H

C56 Vehicle Defect reporting system used by drivers

Monitor implementation of vehicle defect reporting system via RSMT periodic inspections and audits on PDO/Contractor road transport facilities.Conduct awareness campaigns.


M Report all vehicle defects to Responsible Supervisors. Reports shall be recorded. Corrective action shall be taken and also recorded, signed off by Responsible Supervisor and Mechanic once completed.

Drivers, Responsible Supervisors, Vehicle Maintenance Staff

H

C57 Vehicle electrical installation modifications confirmed by professional: correct fuses, protected from water, colour coded wiring.

Conduct awareness campaigns. Corporate Road Safety Adviser

L Ensure electrical modifications are checked by a competent electrician and the check recorded and signed by the electrician.

Vehicle Maintenance Staff

M




Responsible Party:

Corporate

TaskCritical H,M,L


Case User

Task Crit H,M,L

C58 Vehicles kept clean Clear guidance set and advice available to PDO and Contractors. RSMT to monitor via road side checks.Conduct awareness campaigns.


L Ensure vehicles are clean at the start of each day. Responsible Supervisors shall not allow a significantly dirty vehicle to leave the yard before it is cleaned.

Drivers, Responsible Supervisors

M

C59 Awareness of Road Hazards by local communities, road safety education programs

Campaign to raise awareness of road safety hazards amongst local communities by PDO.


M Identify potential interfaces with local communities for each operation and structure campaign accordingly.

Asset and Operations Managers

L

C60 Weigh bridges: check that vehicle is not overloaded

Clear standards on permissible weight and loads on vehicles included in SP-2001 and communicated to relevant parties


M Ensure that (where appropriate e.g. HGVs) vehicles are weighed on a weigh bridge to ensure vehicles are not overloaded before starting journey. Ensure rule is followed.

Drivers, Responsible Supervisors and safe Journey Managers.

H

C61 Qualified supervisor checks loading before start of journey

Set loading and restraint standards in SP-2001


H All large loads shall be checked by a competent Responsible Supervisor before journey starts. Supervisors shall check for load restraint and load security. No vehicle shall start journey until load is confirmed as being securely restrained.

Responsible Supervisor

H

C62 Roof-racks only used in special circumstances, weight limit imposed

Clear standards on permissible weight and loads on vehicles included in SP-2001 and communicated to relevant parties


L Comply with manufacturers load limitations (for load weight and roof rack)

Responsible Supervisor, Driver

L

C63 Provide escorts either from ROP or Company dependent on traffic regulations, load size

Define clearly in SP-2001 which loads require ROP/PDO escorts whilst in transit. Provide further advice to PDO/Contractors as required.


L Provide escort per SP-2001 Responsible supervisor

H

C64 Load and vehicle checks by driver during journey

Clear standards included in SP-2001. RSMT to check as part of routine roadside assessment


M Periodically check the security of their load and vehicle during journey. The checks may be combined with necessary rest breaks for the Safe Journey Plan.

Drivers, Safe Journey Managers

H

C65 Drivers with high self esteem

Manage IVMS and DMS. Promote driving as a 'profession' and communicate to drivers the importance of responsible driving behaviour.


M Responsible Supervisors shall promote driving as a professional task integral to business success, in order to maintain high self-esteem amongst the driving population. Driver Merit System can be utilised by Contract Managers and Responsible Supervisors to reward good driving and improve morale and self-esteem.

Contract Managers, Responsible Supervisors.

M

C66 Road design & construction to standards (ERD's). Review ERDs as necessary.

All roads constructed on PDO Concession areas to standard as defined in relevant ERD 17-01.

CFDH Civil Engineering.

H Ensure that all roads constructed within their location/asset are constructed to applicable standards as specified in ERD 17-01

Asset Managers H




Responsible Party:

Corporate

TaskCritical H,M,L


Case User

Task Crit H,M,L

C67 Maintenance of roads to standard (ERD)

All roads on PDO Concession areas maintained to standard as defined in ERD 17-01

CFDH Civil Engineering. Oil Directorates.

H Ensure that all roads maintained within their location/asset are constructed to applicable standards as specified in ERD 17-01

Asset Managers H

C68 Halt all traffic during adverse weather conditions-close roads

Initiate seasonal campaigns to raise awareness of weather hazards (shamal, rain etc). Emphasise to PDO and Contractor staff that workstops if weather conditions are not safe enough to drive.


M Halt traffic movements when conditions make driving particularly hazardous e.g. shamal, heavy rain, fog

Area Co-ordinators, PDO HSE Advisers, Safe Journey Managers

H

C69 Clear sign posting of permanent hazards (steep gradients, etc)

Set signage standards CFDH Civil Engineering.

M Ensure that all sign posting and warning of permanent hazards comply with standards as specified in ERD 89-01 and are maintained report missing or defective signs

Asset Managers, drivers

M

C70 Suspend driving between 2am and 4am, on permitted night driving operations

Review need to amend current rules in SP-2000


M Permit night driving only according to the provisions of SP-2000 Section 2.2.6 'Night Driving'. Wherever practicable suspend night driving activities between 0200 and 0400 hours.

Journey Authorisers and Safe journey Managers

H

C71 Water levels marked on poles at wadi crossings. Do not cross if level is over mark (ERD).

Set standard for markings of poles and conduct awareness campaigns

CFDH Civil Engineering.Corporate safety advisors .

M Do not cross running wadis when the water level has risen above the danger level on the warning poles. Reinforce the rule at the start of journeys during periods of wet weather.

Safe Journey Managers, drivers

H

C72 Overhead goal post height markers

All goal post height markers where OH power lines cross roads shall meet relevant ERD/Specifications

CFDH Electrical Engineering/Civil Engineering

L Ensure OH Power Line markers ('goal posts') are in place meet standard.

Asset Managers, H

C73 Procedure for permits to pass below power-lines

Permit to Work/ESOP procedures in place

CFDH Electrical Engineering

M Obtain the necessary permit to allow traffic (where required) to pass underneath overhead lines. Comply with Permit

Responsible Supervisor, Drivers

H

C74 Maximum age for drivers

Clear standard set and stated in SP-2000 for maximum drivers' age with reasons for rule

Corporate Road Safety Adviser.

M Remove overage drivers. Responsible Supervisors,

M

C75 Drivers Forum/Peer Groups sessions/HSE meetings

Provide support and representation as necessary to driver forums etc set up at a local level. Provide resources (posters, promotional material) and guidance.

Corporate Road Safety Adviser.

M Hold Driver Forums (and similar themed meetings where appropriate) HSE Meetings and other road safety initiatives as necessary. Fully participate and circulate information from the meetings to other staff who may not have attended.

Drivers, Responsible Supervisors, Contract Managers, Contract Holders safe Journey Managers

M

C76 Daily drivers toolbox/tailgate meeting

Run Awareness campaigns-produce Toolbox prompt cards etc


M Hold daily toolbox/tailgate meetings. Ensure and record attendance

Drivers, Responsible Supervisors,

H




Responsible Party:

Corporate

TaskCritical H,M,L


Case User

Task Crit H,M,L

C77 ROP Traffic Law: jail terms/penalties for reckless driving

Distribute information, and campaign awareness materials, to PDO and Contracting Community on current ROP regulation and penalties for contravention of traffic laws


L Cascade to drivers Responsible supervisors and drivers

M

C78 Road Safety campaigns (posters, etc) both in-house PDO and at National level

Provide input and resources for road safety campaigns and liase with external agencies (ROP, BP, Al Maha etc) on content and distribution of materials to target groups.

Corporate Road Safety Adviser 151. PDO External Affairs Department.:HXM

H Participate as necessary in road safety campaigns and the distribution of promotional road safety material to the driving population.

Contract Managers, Responsible Supervisors, HSE Advisers, drivers

H

C79 Speed monitoring (RSMT/ROP)

Planned campaigns to monitor speed in PDO concession areas shall be set and implemented. Liaison between PDO and ROP shall take place to ensure consistency with Oman Traffic policy. Follow up with distribution of results of speed monitoring campaigns to PDO/Contracting Community (and ROP as appropriate) and relevant third parties (e.g. Shell Marketing, BP etc) shall take place.


M Reinforce the importance of complying with speed limits in HSE Meetings and toolbox talks. Participate in campaigns to combat speeding as appropriate. Conduct Speed monitoring Campaigns in each Area. Violators to be treated per Consequence Management rules.

Responsible Supervisors, Contract Managers, HSE Advisers.

H

C80 Buddy passenger & STOP feedback

Conduct awareness campaigns. Corporate Road Safety Adviser and CSM/7Hearts and Minds Planner

L Provide (when appropriate) feedback to drivers regarding driver behaviour (positive and negative). Use the STOP programme as a tool to collect data and to improve driver behaviour.

Passengers, Responsible Supervisors

H

C81 Drive in convoy/group Maintain Convoy Movements Procedure (Appendix IV SP-2000) and ensure procedure is applied to all relevant operations. Update procedure in line with ROP/Shell Group requirement as necessary


L Implement the standards contained in SP-2000 Appendix IV 'Convoy Movements' where operations require. Comply with the requirements on speed/distance/vehicle breakdown etc.

Contract Managers, Responsible Supervisors, Safe Journey Managers Drivers

H

C82 Pre-employment competence test for professional drivers.

Introduce a basic test of driving abilityand personality profiling, for professional drivers before employment. Update SP-2000 to incorporate rule when introduced.


M Implement pre-employment driving competence test for individuals to be retained as professional drivers before appointment.


M




Responsible Party:

Corporate

TaskCritical H,M,L


Case User

Task Crit H,M,L

C83 Ramadan rules for rest and fatigue

Information material advising of additional rules for drivers rest hours during Ramadan shall be developed and distributed. Consult with relevant parties to ensure suitability of material before distribution.


M Observe additional rules for drivers during Ramadan. Do not authorise journeys for drivers obviously suffering from fatigue.


H

C84 Driver welfare Advise as necessary PDO line management and Contractors on application of rules for driver welfare (rest/food/water/shift patterns/recreational facilities in Interior locations). Liase with PDO Occupational Health staff as necessary for Omani Labour Law/PDO Baseline Matrix content.

Corporate Road Safety Adviser Occupational Health Section CSM/3

M Ensure drivers have access to a balanced diet, clean water, adequate rest periods and recreational facilities when on work days.

Responsible Supervisors,

H

C85 Road side "Boredom Breakers"

Provide strategies for road boredom breakers: Signs, coffee shops, etc


M Provide Road Boredom breakers per strategy. Asset Managers M

C86 Health and Fitness programs for drivers

Advise as necessary PDO line management and Contractors on application of rules for driver fitness programmes. Liase with PDO Occupational Health staff as necessary for Omani Labour Law/PDO Baseline Matrix content. In conjunction with PDO Occupational Health and Medical staff develop and distribute periodically promotional campaigns for driver fitness programmes.

. Occupational Health Section CSM/3.

M Ensure health promotion and fitness programmes are in operation to ensure drivers' wellness. Drivers to participate

Male Nurse, HSE Adviser and Company Doctor, Relevant supervisors, drivers.

M

C87 Records & distribution of medicines by Company Doctor/Male nurse

Maintain records of all medicines prescribed to drivers. Ensure Doctors/Male Nurses in Contracting Community are aware of requirement.

PDO Medical Department (MCO) Occupational Health CSM/3

M Retain accurate and current records of medicines kept on site, and also of any medicines given to drivers.

Male Nurse and Company Doctor

M

C88 Warning labels on medication (when it creates drowsiness)

Ensure that any medicines prescribed that may cause drowsiness are clearly labelled to that effect. In cases where there is a significant risk of driver reaction being impaired the Doctor/Male Nurse shall suspend the driver from duty for the course of medication.Conduct awareness campaign

PDO Medical Department (MCO)

M Ensure drivers are made aware of the any medicines prescribed which may cause drowsiness. Drivers prescribed medicines by doctors outside work shall ensure Supervisors and Male Nurse/Company Doctors are made aware of those medicines. Campaign to raise driver awareness.

Male Nurse, Company Doctor, Responsible Supervisors, Safe Journey Managers, Drivers

H




Responsible Party:

Corporate

TaskCritical H,M,L


Case User

Task Crit H,M,L

C89 ROP Road side checks (enforcement)

Liase with ROP representatives as necessary,and conduct awareness campaigns


M Lobby ROP to conduct roadside checks Asset Managers L

C90 ROP Load restrictions (traffic law)

Campaign to ensure that PDO and Contractor staff are aware of, and the need to comply with, ROP load restrictions at all times. Ensure current information in regard to ROP requirements for load and load security is available in SP-2001 (see C91)


M Comply with ROP Law on load and load restrictions at all times. In instances where clarification is needed as regards ROP legal requirement, further advice shall be sought from the PDO Corporate Road Safety Adviser


H

C91 SP-2001: Specification for loading vehicles and securing loads

SP-2001 'Specification for Loads and Load Restraints' shall be published, maintained and updated as necessary.


H Ensure that loads are secured and restrained according to the standards contained in SP-2001 'Loads and Load Restraints'. Ensure competence of site loading supervisors and drivers. Further ensure that the load is safe and secure prior to moving off and during stops during journey..

Relevant Supervisors, Loading supervisors and drivers

H

C92 Training and competence assurance on loading vehicles and securing loads (supervisory & rigger/driver level)

See C45 &C61. Formal competence standards shall be set and assurance programmes put in place for meeting those standards. All Transport Supervisors and drivers/riggers responsible for loading vehicles and securing loads shall undertake PDO approved training for the task.


M Ensure that all Supervisors responsible for controlling loads, loading operations and drivers have the required competency to safely discharge their duties

Contract Holders and Contract Managers.

H

C93 Provide adequate load securing equipment and inspection of this material

SP-2001 'Specification for" Load Safety and Restraining" shall specify approved types of load securing equipment. CSM /15 shall provide further advice to PDO/Contractor staff as required and represent CSM at driver/transport forums as necessary.


M Ensure that sufficient supplies of fit-for-purpose load securing and restraining equipment are available for use at all times by Supervisors and drivers. Load Restraining equipment shall be entered into an inventory and inspected by a competent third party at the required intervals per SP-2001 to ensure serviceable condition.

Relevant supervisors, transport managers

H

C94 Passengers not to distract drivers

Passengers travelling in vehicles shall not distract drivers. Promotional material shall be circulated to Contractor staff for use in HSE Meetings and Toolbox talks warning of the danger of distracting drivers whilst vehicles are in motion. Produce campaign material.


L Cascade awareness to passengers traveling on crew buses/light vehicles

Relevant supervisors. Passengers in vehicles

L




Responsible Party:

Corporate

TaskCritical H,M,L


Case User

Task Crit H,M,L

C95 Road condition feedback form and corrective action system

Road condition feedback system in place with action parties defined.

CFDH Roads, ONE/3, OSE/3

M Identify defective road conditions on PDO concession areas and report condition to the appropriate person using the recognised Road Condition Report Form

Driver, Responsible Supervisors

M

C96 Preset road inspection program for different road types and classes

All roads in PDO concession area shall be inspected on a planned basis, prioritised according to risk, use and road type (blacktop/graded)


H

C97 Temporary road signs: warnings poor road conditions & road works

Temporary road signs (in accordance with ERD-89-01)shall be erected where transient conditions cause hazards for road users. Transient conditions may be road maintenance works, other works increasing heavy plant movement on particular sections of road, weather conditions


H Act on temporary warning signs at all times Drivers H

C98 Government cooperation and lobby for improving road safety standards in Oman

PDO shall continue to co-operate with the government of the Sultanate of Oman in ongoing efforts to improve standards of road safety and awareness of road safety issues amongst the public.

Corporate Road Safety Adviser PDO External Affairs Department. PDO Managing Directors Committee

H

C99 RTA briefing packs feedback to all drivers

RTA briefing packs shall be distributed in order to highlight learning points from RTA's to all drivers. Briefing packs shall be distributed to Contract Holders for onward distribution to Contractors. Briefing packs shall be used during HSE Meetings, Toolbox talks and work stoppages.


H Disseminate information from RTA briefing packs to drivers through HSE Meetings, tool box talks and work stoppages.

HSE Advisers, Responsible Supervisors,

H

C100 Driver complaint feedback mechanism

Drivers shall have access to a confidential complaints process which allows feedback from operational driving staff to reach PDO Corporate Road Safety staff.


M Use the formal procedure for making justified complaints in regard to conditions of service, welfare, vehicle or equipment condition, driving behaviours. Investigate complaints and where necessary initiate corrective action.


M

C101 Banksman/Helper for large/heavy vehicles (DDC/2)

Banksmen or helpers shall be provided to assist drivers operating large vehicles transporting heavy loads . Requirement shall be described in SP-2000 'Road Transport'


L Provide a competent banksman/helper to assist drivers operating large or heavy vehicles

Contract Managers, Responsible Supervisors

H




Responsible Party:

Corporate

TaskCritical H,M,L


Case User

Task Crit H,M,L

C102 Road detailed design review by expert teams prior to release for construction

All roads constructed on PDO concession areas shall be reviewed at design stage by an expert team.


H

C103 Pre-start up inspection by expert team of new roads prior to release for use (Road Pre start-up audit)

All roads constructed on PDO concession areas shall be inspected by an expert team prior to being opened for use by traffic.


H

C104 Logistics strategies resulting in km reduction

See also C44 - TLM shall develop strategies intended to reduce kilometres driven to minimum.

CFDH-Logistics H Planning personnel and materials movements between Coast and Interior locations and between Interior locations, shall always consider kilometre reduction as the guiding principle.

Relevant supervisors,, transport supervisors, journey authorisers, safe journey managers

H

C105 Compliance with contract management procedures: pre-qual, pre-start up, etc

Contract Holdership Competency Scheme in place.

FPM M Ensure compliance with HSE Management procedures on contracts. Implement all agreed HSE standards and requirements and monitor compliance with Contract HSE Plan by inspections, audit and review. On a day-to-day basis advise Line Management on implementation and communication of HSE-MS including road safety

Contract OwnersContract Managers, Contract Holders,Contract Managers, Contract Site Representatives, HSE Advisers

M

C200 Fuel containers

purpose built, metallic, colour coded, carried outside vehicle, grounded

Specify fuel container type and permitted locations in SP-2000. RAS inspections and RSMT roadside checks shall confirm that those vehicles used in PDO operations which are fitted with fuel contaiers are compliant.


M Ensure all fuel containers fitted to vehicles meet the required specification as defined in SP-2000. Remove any container not meeting the requirements.

Responsible Supervisor

M

C201 SP-2000: Airbags for driver and front seat passenger (LV registered after 1/Sept/2001)

RAS start up inspections for new Light Vehicles registered after 1st September 2001 shall confirm that vehicles are fitted with airbags for driver/passenger. Vehicles not meeting requirement shall not be approved for use in PDO operations.


M Ensure that Light Vehicles procured and first registered after 1st September are fitted with driver/passenger airbags.

Contract Managers.Transport supervisors

H




Responsible Party:

Corporate

TaskCritical H,M,L


Case User

Task Crit H,M,L

C202 SP-2000: Fire extinguisher in each vehicle

Specify and review as requiredfire extinguisher requirements in SP-2000 vehicle specifications.-RAS inspections to confirm that vehicles are fitted with fire extinguishers appropriate for type of vehicle. Vehicles not meeting requirement shall not be approved for use in PDO operations. RSMT roadside checks shall monitor fitting and functionality of fire extinguishers.


M Ensure that all vehicles are fitted with a serviceable fire extinguisher appropriate for vehicle type, as specified in SP-2000. Serviceability of fire extinguishers shall be monitored by daily vehicle inspections. Fire extinguishers shall be inspected every twelve months by a competent inspection agency and certified.

Drivers, Relevant Supervisors,

H

C203 SP-2000: First Aid Kit in each Vehicle

Specify (SP-1230) and review as required vehicle first aid kit type and contents. RAS inspections shall confirm that vehicles are fitted with first aid kit. RSMT roadside checks shall monitor fitting and content of first aid kits.

Corporate Road Safety Adviser PDO Occupational Health staff shall advise on content of First Aid kits (CSM/31)

M Ensure that all vehicles are fitted with a serviceable first aid kit as specified in SP-1230. Monitor contents of first aid kits d by daily vehicle inspections, and also by regular inspections by HSE Adviser/Male NurseRe-fill as necessary..

Drivers, Relevant Supervisors, HSE Advisers, Male Nurse

H

C204 First Aid Training to all professional drivers

Provide a suitable course with objective that all professional drivers (PDO and Contractor) undergo a basic First Aid training course in order to equip them with the basic life preservation skills which may be necessary in the event of a Road Traffic Accident.

PDO Occupational Health Staff (CSM/31)

M Ensure that all professional drivers have successfully completed a basic emergency First Aid Course, approved by PDO. Records shall be kept and updated as necessary. Competency to use First Aid skills shall be tested periodically on emergency response exercises.

Contract Managers, Relevant supervisors, Drivers, HSE Advisers Male Nurses

M

C205 Emergency Response Plans PDO

PDO Emergency Response Plans shall include actions to be taken in the event of an RTA and those actions shall be practised as part of the annual Emergency Response programme.

Head PDO Emergency Response OIS

M Set and practice contract emergency response plans at a local level, including response to road traffic accidents. Where applicable PDO/Contractor Emergency Response Plans shall be practiced jointly to manage interfaces

Area Co-ordinators, Contract Managers, HSE Advisers

M

C206 Emergency Response Plans Government

PDO Emergency Response Plans shall include interfaces with ROP/Government and where appropriate ER drills shall involve government (and relevant third party) representatives.

Head of PDO Emergency Response. OIS.

M




Responsible Party:

Corporate

TaskCritical H,M,L


Case User

Task Crit H,M,L

C207 SP-2000: Cargo net/rack separating luggage from passengers

Specify requirement to separate passengers and luggage/goods compartments in SP-2000.RAS inspections shall confirm that vehicles are fitted with cargo storage area in vehicle from passenger accommodation. RSMT roadside checks shall confirm cargo nets/racks in place and fit for purpose.


M Ensure vehicles are fitted with cargo net/rack separating cargo/passenger accommodation per SP-2000. Ensure all loose items, e.g. tool boxes, water containers are secured in the cargo compartment prior to starting journey.


H

C208 SP-2000: Rollover bars in all LV's

Specify requirement for rollover bars/cages in SP-2000. Review as necessary.RAS inspections shall confirm that all light vehicles are fitted with rollover protection devices in compliance with SP-2000. RSMT roadside checks shall confirm rollover protection devices in light vehicles fit for purpose.


M Ensure light vehicles used ongraded or off-road on PDO Contracts are fitted with rollover protection device as specified in SP-2000 Appendix I 'Rollover Protection Devices'

Contract Managers relevant supervisors, drivers

H

C209 SP-2000: No bull bar allowed (SP-2000)

Specify in SP-2000 that bull bars are not permitted on PDO or contractor vehicles.RAS inspections and RSMT roadside checks shall confirm that vehicles used in PDO operations are not fitted with bull bars.


L Ensure vehicles fitted with a bull-bar are not used on PDO operations.

Contract Managers and Supervisors

M

C300 tyres - cages used when inflating tyres

Ensure via RSMT visits to Contractor premises and other scheduled inspections that all tyre inflation is undertaken with the tyre restrained in a suitable cage.

Corporate Road Safety Adviser/RAS Focal Point/RSMT Contract Holder CSM15 Head of PDO Safety Systems and Road Safety CSM1.

L Workshop Supervisors shall ensure tyre are inflated inside a suitable, fit-for-purpose cage at all times in order to protect staff in the event of an explosion. Workshop operatives shall observe rule at all times when inflating tyres.

Responsible Supervisor, Workshop Staff

H

C301 tyres - storage and fitting according to trade CoP

All tyres for supply and use on PDO vehicles shall be stored and fitted according to manufacturer recommendation/haulage industry Codes of Practice. RSMT to monitor during routine visits to transport facilities.

Corporate Road Safety Adviser/RAS Focal Point/RSMT Contract Holder CSM15 Head of PDO Safety Systems and Road Safety CSM1.

M Workshop/Transport Supervisors shall ensure all tyres are stored and fitted according to trade Codes of Practice. Further information if required shall be sought from tyre supplier/manufacturer or PDO Corporate Road Safety Adviser.

Responsible Supervisors, tyre Suppliers.

M




Responsible Party:

Corporate

TaskCritical H,M,L


Case User

Task Crit H,M,L

C302 Handrails and ladders fitted to tankers for safe access

Tankers shall be fitted with access equipment in accordance with SP-2000 section 3.7.1. RAS Inspections on tanker vehicles and inspections on Vacuum Tanker vehicles for the checking compliance with SP-1207 'Specification for Vacuum Tankers' shall ensure tanker vehicles comply with requirement.

Corporate Road Safety Adviser/RAS Focal Point/RSMT Contract Holder CSM15 Head of PDO Safety Systems and Road Safety CSM1. OTT/15 as CFDH for Vacuum Tankers.

L Supervisors with responsibility for overseeing tanker vehicle operations shall ensure the tanker is fitted with equipment for safe access to top of vehicle in accordance with SP-2000, section 3.7.1. Equipment shall be inspected periodically in order to maintain serviceable standard. Where defective equipment is identified by inspection, corrective action shall be taken before tanker vehicle is authorised for use.


H

C303 Hazchem signs placarding, shoc cards (SP-XXX)

All vehicles carrying hazardous goods shall be fitted with Hazchem placards in compliance with ROP and Shell Group Standards, and shall carry SHOC and TREM Cards for the materials on board.

Corporate Road Safety Adviser/RAS Focal Point/RSMT Contract Holder CSM15 Head of PDO Safety Systems and Road Safety CSM1. TKM (CFDH Production Chemistry)

H Supervisors and HSE Advisers responsible for overseeing vehicles transporting hazardous or flammable materials shall ensure that all such vehicles are fitted with appropriate warning/information placards (complying with ROP Civil Defense and PDO requirement), and that SHOC and TREM cards are carried applicable for the substances on board.

Responsible Supervisors, HSE Advisers

H

C400 Appropriate driver/helper PPE, footwear, coveralls etc (SP-2000) (control on escalator C-2)

All PPE provided and worn in PDO operations shall comply with SP-1234 (???) 'Specification for Personal Protective Equipment'. Operators and helpers shall be reminded of the importance of wearing PPE during HSE Meetings and Tool Box Talks. Briefing packs shall be distributed periodically after incidents/near misses where PPE rules were not observed fully.

Corporate Road Safety Adviser/RAS Focal Point/RSMT Contract Holder CSM15 Head of PDO Safety Systems and Road Safety CSM1. Contract Holders

M Supervisors shall ensure that all staff under their control are provided with, and trained in the use of, all Personal Protective Equipment necessary for the particular task/job. HSE Advisers and Supervisors shall reinforce the use of PPE in HSE Meetings, toolbox talks and routine supervisory contact. Where briefing packs are circulated featuring information concerning PPE they shall be used in HSE Meetings, tool box talks and work stoppages. Staff shall at all times observe rules for the use of PPE.

Responsible Supervisors, HSE Advisers, Staff

H




Responsible Party:

Corporate

TaskCritical H,M,L


Case User

Task Crit H,M,L

C401 Supervisors have access to route information-overpass heights, lane widths, obstructions en-route, roadworks, powerlines etc. (control on escalator C-9)

Information regarding route restrictions/temporary road works/significant fixed hazards shall be made available via the DtS webpage to relevant parties.

Corporate Road Safety Adviser/RAS Focal Point/RSMT Contract Holder CSM15 Head of PDO Safety Systems and Road Safety CSM1. Contract Holders

M Supervisors shall be responsible for updating themselves, Safe Journey Managers and the driving population with current information regarding road conditions, hazards, traffic conditions and road works. Information shall be communicated to drivers via tool box talks, Safe Journey Management, and normal supervisory contact. Drivers shall use information in order to reduce RTA during journeys.

Responsible Supervisors, Safe Journey Managers, Drivers

M



7. Remedial Action Plan

The following remedial action plan identifies controls from chapter 5/6 that are not yet in place at a corporate level in PDO. These controls require first to evaluated by CSM/15 Corporate Road Safety and will possibly be implemented after endorsement by HSE-IC.

Departments or Contractors using this Road Transport HSE Case will need to review the list of controls applicable to them and decided where there are gaps in their organization. Each user must make his specific remedial action plan.

In Vehicle Monitoring Systems: not yet in place. Being implemented on a small scale by TLM on selected High Risk Contractor vehicles. Units should be implemented Q1/2004. During 2004 a review should take place of this system for potential implementation on a larger scale

Supervisors responsible for goods vehicles must be competent to confirm that loads are safe, secured properly and not exceeding the maximum permitted weight before the start of the journey. Loads must be thoroughly checked to ensure they are secure before the journey starts.Competency Standards have not yet been set. A training course is not available.

Night Driving:The hours between 2am and 4am are when the human body is most susceptible to sleep due to Circadian Rhythms. Safe Journey Management planning should take account of this and where possible avoid driving activities within these hours.

First Aid Training to all professional drivers:Provide a suitable course with objective that all professional drivers (PDO and Contractor) undergo a basic First Aid training course in order to equip them with the basic life preservation skills which may be necessary in the event of a Road Traffic Accident

Driver complaint feedback mechanismDrivers shall have access to a confidential complaints process which allows feedback from operational driving staff to reach PDO Corporate Road Safety staff.

Road detailed design review by expert teams prior to release for constructionAll roads constructed on PDO concession areas shall be reviewed at design stage by an expert team.

Pre-start up inspection by expert team of new roads prior to release for use (Road Pre start-up audit)All roads constructed on PDO concession areas shall be inspected by an expert team prior to being opened for use by traffic.

Logistics strategies resulting in km reductionSee also C44 - TLM shall develop strategies intended to reduce kilometres driven to minimum.

Training and competence assurance on loading vehicles and securing loads (supervisory & rigger/driver level)See C45 &C61. Formal competence standards shall be set and assurance programmes put in place for meeting those standards. All Transport Supervisors and drivers/riggers responsible for loading vehicles and securing loads shall undertake PDO approved training for the task.

Pre-employment competence test for professional drivers.Introduce a basic test of driving abilityand personality profiling, for professional drivers before employment. Update SP-2000 to incorporate rule when introduced.



Maximum age for driversClear standard set and stated in SP-2000 for maximum drivers' age with reasons for rule

Drivers supervised by qualified staff and clear reporting lines definedDevelop competence standards for Transport Supervisors and maintain assurance that standards are met - see C40 above. Provide courses for remedial action during 2003.

Formal competence requirements defined for different driver/vehicle typesSet minimum competence standards for drivers..




Format of the “Hazards and Effects Analysis Assessment Sheets”

This appendix provides a more detailed description of the “Threats and Controls” defined in chapter 5. In addition escalation factors and controls are detailed (these have not been incuded yet in Chapter 5). The format of the tables in the following pages as follows:

H THREAT: Broad Description of Threat

More specific description of threat with justification as to why it is included in the Road Transport HSE Case

Impact on Threat Control: Brief description of control to minimise potential of threat to cause RTA

TC-Ref:T1-C1

C-Ref No:C1H M L

Specific description of control, with cross reference where appropriate to other relevant documents – in particular SP-2000, the PDO ‘Health, Safety and Environment Specification for Road Transport’

Corporate Implementation of this control User/Local Implementation of this control

Good Fair Poor Good Fair Poor

Assessment Corporate: Space to describe the implementation of the control by the “corporate”.

Assessment Local:Space to describe the implementation of the control by the individual user.

ESCALATIONFACTOR

Brief description of escalation factor – i.e. what event could add to original threat to increase the potential for an incident to occur or to increase the severity of the incident

TC Ref No:T4-C4-EC1

More specific description of escalation factor

Impact on Esc F Control: Brief description of control

TC-Ref:T10-C1EC1-C1

C-Ref No:C36H M L

More specific description of control – note that this may be the same as the description for the initial controlCorporate Implementation of this control User/Local Implementation of this control



Severity of Threat – High/Medium/Low

Impact of Control on Threat i.e. ability to reduce potential of threat to cause incident TC-Ref i.e. ‘Threat 1 – Control 1’

Overall Control Reference No.

Threat/Control/Escalation Factor Serial Number


Assessment Corporate: Space to describe the implementation of the control by “corporate”.

Assessment Local:Space to describe the implementation of the control by the individual user.



Appendix 1: Hazards and Effects Analysis Assessment Sheets

Driver Threat 1 – Driver Poor Behaviour

Excerpt from Threat/Control Spreadsheet

1 Driver 1.1 Driver poor behaviour, wilful misconduct (reckless manoeuvres)

H C1: SP-2000: DDC-1/2 Defensive DrivingTraining addressing Behaviour, Attitude and DD skills



C8: SP-2000: 21 yr. minimum age for drivers


C37: Incentives for desired behaviour




C51: IVMS-monitor and DMS (not yet in SP-2000)

C76: Daily drivers toolbox meeting

C77: ROP Traffic Law: jail terms/penalties for reckless driving

C78: Road Safety campaigns (posters, etc) both in house PDO and at National level


C28: SP-2000: Remove vehicle keys when vehicle is parked or left unattended



Section 1 – Driver – Threat/Control Assessment Sheets

H THREAT:T1 Driver

Driver poor behaviour, wilful misconduct (reckless manoeuvres)

Unsafe driver behaviour is the main cause of road traffic accidents. Drivers exhibiting unsafe behaviour are a threat to their own safety and also to third parties. Such behaviour can be as a result of lack of knowledge, from youth or inexperience, lack of training or of wilful disregard for defensive driving techniques.

Impact on Threat Control: DDC-1/2 Defensive Driving Training. (SP-2000)

TC-Ref:T1-C1

C-Ref No:C1H M L

The DDC-1/2 Defensive Driving Training courses addressing 2 elements: behaviour/attitude and defensive driving skills. The requirement is specified in SP-2000, Section 2, para 2.1 (iv).



Assessment Corporate: Assessment Local:

Impact on Threat Control: Penalties for breaking rules: violation letter MD.

TC-Ref:T1-C2

C-Ref No:C38H M L

MD Circular 8/00 published on the 7th August 2000 sets out the disciplinary process for non-compliance with safety rules and tampering with vehicle safety equipment. The document can be found on the Drive to Survive website.






Impact on Threat Control: Road Safety Monitoring/Coaching by the Road Safety Monitoring Team

TC-Ref:T1-C3

C-Ref No:C36H M L

The Road Safety Monitoring Team is responsible for random roadside checks on vehicles and drivers, visiting contractors and providing information and assistance to drivers and transport Supervisors. Contact CSM51.




Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: 21 yr. minimum age for drivers (Section 2, para 2.1 (i), SP-2000)

TC-Ref:T1-C4

C-Ref No:C8H M L

Young, inexperienced drivers are implicated in a high number of road traffic accidents. The minimum driver age in PDO operations has therefore been set as 21 years (note the minimum age for an ROP license is 17 years).




Impact on Threat Control: Clear and well communicated rules (ROP & PDO)

TC-Ref:T1-C5

C-Ref No:C40H M L

All PDO road safety rules are contained in the document SP-2000, ‘Health Safety and Environment Specification for Road Transport’ available on the PDO web or as hard copy from CSM5. ROP road traffic legislative rules are available from CSM5.






Impact on Threat Control: Incentives for desired behaviour TC-Ref:T1-C6

C-Ref No:C37H M L

To achieve good behaviours by drivers small rewards can be made to recognise compliance with rules, and for good driving. These rewards can as part of a campaign e.g. Drive to Survive or of local initiatives, or as part of a corporate Driver Merit system i.e. IVMS.




Impact on Threat Control: Drivers Forum/Peer Groups sessions/HSE meetings

TC-Ref:T1-C7

C-Ref No:C75H M L

Positive reinforcement for good driving behaviour can be made through driver's forums and HSE Meetings at a local level and via campaigns such as ‘Drive to Survive’.




Impact on Threat CONTROL:Alcohol and drugs policy & campaigns

TC-Ref:T1-C8

C-Ref No:C41H M L

The Health Specification SP-1233 ‘Smoking, Drugs and Alcohol’ provides information for the controls on alcohol abuse in the workplace. PDO’s approach to dealing with alcohol and drug abuse is described within the PDO booklet Alcohol and Drug Abuse - The Company’s Approach. Further information for Managers and Supervisors regarding identifying symptoms of alcohol abuse or drug misuse by employees, and how to deal with these instances, is provided in the PDO booklet Dealing With Alcohol Abuse in the Workplace.






Impact on Threat Control: Use Professional drivers TC-Ref:T1-C9

C-Ref No:C50H M L

Professional drivers are used in PDO operations. All drivers are designated by their job description purely as drivers and are given necessary training and competence assurance via the PDO Defensive Driving Programme. Professional drivers spend more time at the wheel, gathering experience and are therefore more competent to safely operate vehicles in PDO operations than ad-hoc drivers.




Impact on Threat Control: IVMS-monitor and DMS (not yet in SP-2000)

TC-Ref:T1-C10

C-Ref No:C51H M L

In Vehicle Monitoring Systems (IVMS) supported by the Driver Merit System (DMS) recognises and rewards positive driving behaviour whilst allowing management intervention to correct poor driver behaviour. Note: IVMS is currently being implemented and is not yet in SP-2000.




Impact on Threat Control: Daily drivers toolbox meeting TC-Ref:T1-C11

C-Ref No:C76H M L

Drivers toolbox meetings are held daily and are used to communicate safety rules, current road and weather conditions and Safe Journey Management procedures.






Impact on Threat Control: ROP Traffic Law: jail terms/penalties for reckless driving

TC-Ref:T1-C12

C-Ref No:C77H M L

The Royal Oman Police introduced stronger penalties for reckless driving in November 2001, which include jail sentences of up to five years for some offences. Further information can be obtained from the PDO ‘Drive to Survive’ website.




Impact on Threat Control: Road Safety campaigns (posters, etc) both in house PDO and at National level

TC-Ref:T1-C13

C-Ref No:C78H M L

Publicity and promotional campaigns are run within PDO both corporately and at a local level. Promotional material such as posters, leaflets, information booklets is available from CSM5. National campaigns are also conducted with PDO involvement to mark occasions such as National Road Safety Week.




Impact on Threat Control: Buddy passenger & STOP feedback TC-Ref:T1-C14

C-Ref No:C80H M L

Information gathered from road traffic accident investigations has shown that many could be prevented by passengers helping the driver in not losing concentration, by helping and providing feedback using the STOP system.






Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Remove vehicle keys when vehicle is parked or left unattended

TC-Ref:T1-C15

C-Ref No:C28H M L

Removing the ignition keys from vehicles when they are left parked or unattended should prevent unauthorised use of vehicles.







Driver Threat 2 – Driver Excessive Speed for Conditions


2 Driver 1.2 Driver excessive speed for conditions

H C81: Drive in convoy/group

C21: SP-2000: Maximum speed limits for different road types & signs for lower limits.

C14: SP-2000: Speed Limiter requirements on all vehicle types

C51: IVMS-monitor and DMS (not yet in SP-2000)


C79: Speed monitoring (RSMT/ROP)

C52: Traffic calming hardware (speed bumps, rumble strips)



H THREAT:T2 Driver

Driver excessive speed for conditions

Excessive speed is a major contributing factor to many road traffic accidents. Speed may be excessive for the road conditions, weather, driver condition or vehicle condition or type. Excessive speed also increases the potential for more serious injury and/or damage in the event of an accident.

Impact on Threat Control: Drive in convoy/group TC-Ref:T2-C1

C-Ref No:C81H M L

Driving in convoys or groups will regulate the overall speed for the group and exert ‘peer pressure’ on less compliance oriented drivers on the move.




Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Maximum speed limits for different road types & signs for lower limits.

TC-Ref:T2-C2

C-Ref No:C21H M L

Limiting maximum speeds is an essential road safety rule. Maximum speed limits are set out in SP-2000 Para 2.2.3 but it must be remembered that the maximum safe driving speed is sometimes lower than the posted maximum speed due to road, traffic or weather conditions.




Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Speed Limiter requirements on all vehicle types

TC-Ref:T2-C3

C-Ref No:C14H M L

Speed Limiter requirements for PDO vehicles are listed in SP-2000 Para 3.2. These are mandatory requirements and must be complied with.






Impact on Threat Control: IVMS-monitor and DMS (not yet in SP-2000)

TC-Ref:T2-C4

C-Ref No:C51H M L

In Vehicle Monitoring Systems (IVMS) supported by the Driver Merit System (DMS) recognises and rewards positive driving behaviour whilst allowing management intervention to correct poor driver behaviour. Note: IVMS is currently being implemented and is not yet in SP-2000.




Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Safe Journey Management Procedures

TC-Ref:T2-C5

C-Ref No:C20H M L

The Safe Journey Management procedure is contained in SP-2000 Appendix III. It sets out requirements for rest breaks routes and confirmation of safe conclusion of journey.




Impact on Threat Control: Speed monitoring (RSMT/ROP) TC-Ref:T2-C7

C-Ref No:C79H M L

Both the RSMT and the ROP monitor speed of vehicles. The ROP enforce the Oman Traffic Ordinance and can fine drivers for excessive speed. The RSMT carry out monitoring activities in PDO areas (Interior and MAF) and will feedback information on drivers found to be exceeding posted speed limits.






Impact on Threat Control: Traffic calming hardware (speed bumps, rumble strips)

TC-Ref:T2-C7

C-Ref No:C52H M L

Traffic calming measures are used in both Interior locations and Mina Al Fahal. More information about traffic calming can be obtained by contacting CSM5






Appendix 1:Hazards and Effects Analysis Assessment Sheets

Driver Threat 3 – Driver Fatigue


3 Driver

1.3 Driver fatigue H C10: SP-2000: Driver well rested - drive/rest and sleep/shift patterns defined and adhered to.


C49: Supervisors aware of heat stress and current temperatures



C43: Potable water available



C83: Ramadan rules for rest and fatigue

C12: SP-2000: Radio cassette player fitted and working

C70: Suspend driving between 2am and 4am, on permitted night driving operations



H THREAT:T3 Driver

Driver Fatigue

Drivers may suffer the effects of fatigue for many reasons e.g. lack of sleep, heat, boredom, long working hours and the effects of driving long distances in a desert environment with little visual stimulation. Fatigue can cause a loss of concentration at the wheel, and losing consciousness through falling asleep when in control of a vehicle.

Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Driver well rested - drive/rest and sleep/shift patterns defined and adhered to.

TC-Ref:T3-C1

C-Ref No:C10H M L

SP-2000 contains information describing maximum workable hours for drivers and maximum-driving periods during shifts – para. 2.2.2.





TC-Ref:T3-C2

C-Ref No:C20H M L

The Safe Journey Management procedure is contained in SP-2000 Appendix III. It sets out requirements for rest breaks routes and confirmation of safe conclusion of journey.




Impact on Threat Control: Supervisors aware of heat stress and current temperatures

TC-Ref:T3-C3

C-Ref No:C49H M L

Working in a hot desert environment can lead to the physical effects of heat exposure, including fatigue and loss of concentration. Supervisors should be aware of these effects and counsel drivers accordingly through HSE Meetings and Toolbox talks and ensuring that an adequate supply of drinking water is available.






Impact on Threat Control: Penalties for breaking rules: violation letter MD

TC-Ref:T3-C4

C-Ref No:C38H M L





Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Air Conditioning in all vehicles

TC-Ref:T3-C5

C-Ref No:C13H M L

Air conditioning is required in all vehicles used in PDO operations in order to keep the driver cool and avoid loss of concentration from fatigue caused by heat exposure. The requirements are contained in SP-2000 section 3.1 ‘Requirements for Vehicles’.




Impact on Threat Control: Potable water available TC-Ref:T3-C6

C-Ref No:C43H M L

An adequate supply of potable drinking water must be available for drivers at all times.






Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Night driving restrictions TC-Ref:T3-C7

C-Ref No:C34H M L

Night driving is prohibited in PDO operations except in very specific circumstances. Night driving historically has proven to be hazardous due to increased chances of colliding with animals in the dark or drivers falling asleep at the wheel. Night driving rules are contained in SP-2000 para. 2.2.6.





TC-Ref:T3-C8

C-Ref No:C78H M L

Publicity and promotional campaigns are run within PDO both corporately and at a local level. Promotional material such as posters, leaflets, information booklets is available from CSM5. National campaigns are also conducted with PPDO involvement to mark occasions such as National Road Safety Week.




Impact on Threat Control: Ramadan rules for rest and fatigue TC-Ref:T3-C9

C-Ref No:C83H M L

Fasting during the Holy Month of Ramadan can lead to tiredness during the day. During Ramadan further advice is issued by PDO in the form of posters and promotional campaigns in order to help drivers to keep safe while they are fasting.






Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Radio cassette player fitted and working

TC-Ref:T3-C10

C-Ref No:C12H M L

SP-2000 requires all vehicles used in PDO operations to be fitted with a working radio cassette player (SP-2000, section 3.1). This requirement is to keep drivers occupied during long trips and avert boredom and increased risk of loss of concentration.




Impact on Threat Control: Suspend driving between 2am and 4am, on permitted night driving operations

TC-Ref:T1-C1

C-Ref No:C1H M L

The hours between 2am and 4am are when the human body is most susceptible to sleep due to Circadian Rhythms. Safe Journey Management planning should take account of this and where possible avoid driving activities within these hours.







Driver Threat 4 – Driver Lack of Competence


4 Driver

1.4 Driver lack of competence (skill/knowledge)

M C1: SP-2000: DDC-1/2 Defensive DrivingTraining addressing Behaviour, Attitude and DD skills

C5: SP-2000: DDC-6 Yearly professional assessment drive





C82: Pre-employment competence test for professional drivers.

C99: RTA briefing packs feedback to all drivers

C18: SP-2000: LV's registered after 1/Sept/2001 shall be fitted with ABS brakes



M THREAT:T4 Driver

Driver lack of competence (skill/knowledge)

Driver competence is fundamental to road safety. Drivers must be fully competent to operate their vehicles in the environment in which they work. Lack of competence can result from poor training, inexperience and poor motivation. Drivers lacking the necessary competence to operate vehicles safely will cause accidents themselves, or not be equipped to respond correctly to the acts or omissions of third party drivers.

Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: DDC-1/2 Defensive DrivingTraining addressing Behaviour, Attitude and DD skills

TC-Ref:T4-C1

C-Ref No:C1H M L

The DDC-1/2 Defensive Driving Training courses addressing 2 elements: behaviour/attitude and defensive driving skills. The requirements are specified in SP-2000, Section 2, para 2.1 (iv).




Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: DDC-6 Yearly professional assessment drive

TC-Ref:T4-C2

C-Ref No:C5H M L

The DDC programme is reinforced by a yearly Professional Assessment drive that all drivers must undergo. This will ensure defensive driving techniques are kept current and used after the initial training course has been completed.




Impact on Threat Control: Formal competence requirements defined for different driver/vehicle types

TC-Ref:T4-C3

C-Ref No:C39H M L

To assure driver competence on all types of vehicles used in PDO operations competence assurance standards for all such vehicles are available (light/heavy/tanker/bus) or under development.






Impact on Threat Control: Clear and well communicated rules (ROP & PDO)

TC-Ref:T4-C4

C-Ref No:C40H M L

All PDO road safety rules are contained in the document SP-2000, ‘Health Safety and Environment Specification for Road Transport’ available on the PDO web or as hard copy from CSM5. ROP road traffic legislative rules are available from CSM5.




ESCALATIONFACTOR

Non-compliance with road safety rules. TC Ref No:T4-C4-EC1

There will sometimes be occasions when some drivers do not comply with road safety rules. On these occasions (dependant on circumstances) disciplinary action may be needed.

Impact on Esc F Control: Penalties for breaking rules: violation letter MD

TC-Ref:T4-C4EC1-C1

C-Ref No:C38H M L





Impact on Threat Control: Drivers Forum/Peer Groups sessions/HSE meetings

TC-Ref:T4-C5

C-Ref No:C75H M L



Positive reinforcement for good driving behaviour can be made through driver's forums and HSE Meetings at a local level and via campaigns such as ‘Drive to Survive’.





TC-Ref:T4-C6

C-Ref No:C78H M L

Publicity and promotional campaigns are run within PDO both corporately and at a local level. Promotional material such as posters, leaflets, information booklets is available from CSM5. National campaigns are also conducted with PPDO involvement to mark occasions such as National Road Safety Week.




Impact on Threat Control: Pre-employment competence test for professional drivers.

TC-Ref:T4-C7

C-Ref No:C82H M L

New drivers should be given a pre-employment test to assess their knowledge of basic road safety rules and driving.




Impact on Threat Control: RTA briefing packs feedback to all drivers

TC-Ref:T4-C8

C-Ref No:C99H M L



RTA briefing packs are available on the PDO CSM website and should be used by Supervisors and HSE Advisers to provide feedback on RTAs to drivers during toolbox talks and HSE Meetings. Periodically there will also be Work Stoppages held during which specific issues such as RTAs will be discussed. Further information is available from CSM5.






Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: LV's registered after 1/Sept/2001 shall be fitted with ABS brakes

TC-Ref:T4-C10

C-Ref No:C18H M L

All light vehicles registered after 1st September 2001 used in PDO operations must be fitted with ABS brakes, which allow increased driver control during emergency braking. This requirement can be found in SP-2000 section 3.1 ‘Requirements for Vehicles’.







Driver Threat 5 – Driver Loss of Concentration


5 Driver

1.5 Driver loss of concentration/braincramp (GSM/radio/mental)

M C12: SP-2000: Radio cassette player fitted and working


C32: SP-2000: "No GSM" rules (hands-on & hands-off)

C84: Driver welfare

C1: SP-2000: DDC-1/2 Defensive DrivingTraining addressing Behaviour, Attitude and DD skills

C85: Road side signs




M THREAT:T5 Driver

Driver loss of concentration/braincramp (GSM/radio/mental)

Drivers can lose concentration easily through distractions from passengers, using mobile telephones whilst driving and through boredom or fatigue. Loss of concentration can lead to loss of control of the vehicle and to accidents.

Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Radio cassette player fitted and working

TC-Ref:T5-C1

C-Ref No:C12H M L

SP-2000 requires all vehicles used in PDO operations to be fitted with a working radio cassette player (SP-2000, section 3.1). This requirement is to keep drivers occupied during long trips and avert boredom and increased risk of loss of concentration.





C-Ref No:C80H M L





Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: "No GSM" rules (hands-on & hands-off)

TC-Ref:T5-C3

C-Ref No:C32H M L

The use of GSMs while driving is prohibited in PDO due to the overwhelming evidence that GSM use when driving is a major contributing factor to road traffic accidents globally. This includes so-called ‘hands-free’ kits. SP-2000 Section 2.2.1 para vi refers.






Impact on Threat Control: Driver welfare TC-Ref:T5-C4

C-Ref No:C84H M L

Providing adequate welfare for drivers during working periods, including accommodation, food, water and recreational facilities will improve motivation and reduce the risk of the individual becoming stressed due to dissatisfaction with working conditions.





TC-Ref:T5-C5

C-Ref No:C1H M L

The DDC-1/2 Defensive Driving Training courses addressing 2 elements: behaviour/attitude and defensive driving skills. The requirements are specified in SP-2000, Section 2, para 2.1 (iv).




Impact on Threat Control: Road side signs TC-Ref:T5-C6

C-Ref No:C85H M L

Road signs provide vital information to drivers about hazards on the road, speed limits and the road layout.






ESCALATIONFACTOR

Damaged or missing road signs TC Ref No:T5-C6-EC1

Road signs may sustain damage or may be removed and not replaced. There may also be temporary road conditions which are not signed. There is an increased risk in this situation that drivers may not receive adequate warning of hazards.



Impact on Esc F Control: Pre-set road inspection program for different road types and classes

TC-Ref:T5-C6EC1-C1

C-Ref No:C96H M L

PDO road inspection programme will identify areas where additional hazards require further road signs.




Impact on Esc F Control: Temporary road signs: warnings poor road conditions & road works

TC-Ref:T5-C6EC1-C2

C-Ref No:C97H M L

Temporary road works e.g. grading or other maintenance operations will be signed to warn drivers of the additional hazards. Stretches of road with poor conditions will also be signed.





TC-Ref:T5-C7

C-Ref No:C20H M L

The Safe Journey Management procedure is contained in SP-2000 Appendix III. It sets out requirements for rest breaks, routes and confirmation of safe conclusion of journey.




ESCALATIONFACTOR

Safe Journey Management procedure not followed.

TC Ref No:T5-C7-EC1

Incident reports have shown that drivers and/or Supervisors do sometimes not follow Safe Journey Management procedures.




TC-Ref:T5-C7EC1-C1

C-Ref No:CH M L

MD Circular 8/00 published on the 7th August 2000 sets out the disciplinary process for non-compliance with safety rules and tampering with vehicle safety equipment. The document can be found on the Drive to Survive website. MD Circular 7/2001, published on the 19th May 2001 addressed specifically non-compliance with the PDO Safe Journey Management procedure.







Driver Threat 6 – Driver - Poor Vision/Eyesight


6 Driver

1.6 Driver poor vision/eyesight

M C6: SP-2000: Eye test prior to attending DDC-1/2 course




M THREAT:T6 Driver

Driver poor vision/eyesight

Drivers with poor eyesight pose a risk to their own safety, to their passengers and to third party road users – other drivers and pedestrians. Drivers with uncorrected defective eyesight will not be able to respond in time to common hazards encountered on the road while driving.

Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Eye test prior to attending DDC-1/2 course

TC-Ref:T6-C1

C-Ref No:C6H M L

All personnel undertaking the DDC1/2 will undergo a vision screening test at the start of each course. The test includes depth perception, peripheral vision, and other standard assessments for satisfactory eyesight. Candidates identified as having problems with their eyesight during the vision-screening test will be referred to an optician for further testing.




Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: 2 yearly Eye Test included in DDC-6 course

TC-Ref:T6-C2

C-Ref No:C1H M L

The vision-screening test (T6-C1) will be repeated on a bi-annual basis during the Professional Assessment drive after the initial test ON THE DDC1/2 Courses.







Driver Threat 7 – Driver Loss of Concentration


7 Driver

1.7 Driver mental stress leading to loss of concentrations

M C45: Drivers supervised by qualified staff and clear reporting lines defined


C46: Stress guidance available to drivers supervisors



C65: Drivers with high self esteem


C100: Driver complaint feedback mechanism



M THREAT:T7 Driver

Driver mental stress leading to loss of concentration

Stress in drivers may be caused by a variety of factors, both domestic and work-related. Drivers suffering from stress are more likely to be involved in accidents due to behavioural changes, lack of concentration and associated physical conditions such as fatigue.

Impact on Threat Control: Drivers supervised by qualified staff and clear reporting lines defined

TC-Ref:T7-C1

C-Ref No:C45H M L

Transport Supervisors will be adequately qualified to perform their tasks competently. A Road Fleet Management training course will introduced by PDO in 2002. Clear and understood reporting lines must exist between drivers and Supervisors for early identification of problems with drivers, vehicles and journey planning.




Impact on Threat Control: Use Professional drivers TC-Ref:T7-C2

C-Ref No:C50H M L

Professional drivers are used in PDO operations. All drivers are designated by their job description purely as drivers and are given necessary training and competence assurance via the PDO Defensive Driving Programme. Professional drivers spend more time at the wheel, gathering experience and are therefore more competent to safely operate vehicles in PDO operations than ad-hoc drivers.






Impact on Threat Control: Stress guidance available to drivers supervisors

TC-Ref:T7-C3

C-Ref No:C46H M L

The PDO HSE Specification ‘Occupational Health’ (SP-12 31) provides clear guidance on work related stress in section 12.0. Further information can be obtained by contacting the PDO Occupational Health Department (CSM3).




Impact on Threat Control: Alcohol and drugs policy & campaigns

TC-Ref:T7-C4

C-Ref No:C41H M L





Impact on Threat Control: Vehicle appropriate for task (load, journey & road conditions)

TC-Ref:T7-C5

C-Ref No:C53H M L

All vehicles used operationally in PDO should be fit for purpose, for the type of journey to be undertaken and the type of task for which it is to be used. For example vehicles used on graded roads should be fitted with the mandatory safety equipment. Vehicles used for cargo transport should be capable of carrying the load within the safety tolerances of its capacity.






Impact on Threat Control: Drivers with high self esteem TC-Ref:T7-C6

C-Ref No:C65H M L

Professional drivers, well motivated through reward and welfare will have a higher esteem for their position and themselves and will be less likely to be mentally stressed. They will also take ownership of their vehicle and are more likely to ensure that it is kept clean and well maintained.




Impact on Threat Control: Formal competence requirements defined for different driver/vehicle types

TC-Ref:T7-C7

C-Ref No:C39H M L

To assure driver competence on all types of vehicles used in PDO operations competence assurance standards for all such vehicles are available (light/heavy/tanker/bus) or under development.




Impact on Threat Control: Driver complaint feedback mechanism

TC-Ref:T7-C8

C-Ref No:C100H M L

Complaints regarding vehicles, working conditions, roads or journey planning must be dealt with effectively and followed up via a formal way of dealing with them.







Driver Threat 8 – Driver Physically Unfit


8 Driver

1.8 Driver physically unfit

M C9: SP-2000: Medical examination every two years for professional drivers

C47: SP-1230: 2 yearly medical for all staff (incl. drivers)

C48: Driver well fed

C10: SP-2000: Driver well rested - drive/rest and sleep/shift patterns defined and adhered to.

C86: Health and Fitness programs for drivers

C74: Maximum age for drivers



M THREAT:T8 Driver

Driver physically unfit

Drivers that are physically unfit are a threat to themselves and other road users as a result of the potential for loss of concentration and also of the possible effects of medication. Fatigue is also a potential.

Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Medical examination every two years for professional drivers

TC-Ref:T8-C1

C-Ref No:C9H M L

Drivers must be physically fit to carry out their work safely. SP-2000 section 2.1 (ii) requires that drivers must be certified physically fit by a qualified doctor bi-annually.




Impact on Threat Control: SP-1230: 2 yearly medical for all staff (incl. drivers)

TC-Ref:T8-C2

C-Ref No:C47H M L

SP-1230 ‘Medical Examination, Treatment & Facilities’ (to be issued) will require all staff to undergo a two yearly medical with a qualified doctor.




Impact on Threat Control: Driver well fed TC-Ref:T8-C3

C-Ref No:C48H M L

Drivers should be provided adequate food as part of a balanced diet. A poor diet can lead to fatigue and ill health and increase stress levels.






Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Driver well rested - drive/rest and sleep/shift patterns defined and adhered to.

TC-Ref:T8-C4

C-Ref No:C10H M L

SP-2000 sets out maximum permitted shift lengths for drivers and also makes requirements for journeys to be interrupted with rest breaks (intervals are different according to vehicle type). This information can be found in SP-2000 Section 2.2.2.




Impact on Threat Control: Health and Fitness programs for drivers

TC-Ref:T8-C5

C-Ref No:C86H M L

Drivers should be encouraged to take adequate exercise and be provided with enough information to enable them to make informed choices as regards diet and lifestyle issues. Further information on ‘wellness’ can be obtained from CSM3.




Impact on Threat Control: Maximum age for drivers TC-Ref:T8-C6

C-Ref No:C74H M L

To Be Confirmed







Driver Threat 9 – Driver Vision Affected: External Reasons


9 Driver

1.9 Driver vision affected: external reasons (glare, stickers, manoeuvring)

L C42: SP-1234: Use of Sun Glasses in strong glare


C101: Banksman/Helper for large/heavy vehicles (DDC/2)

C15: SP-2000: Reversing Alarms on HGV & Busses



L THREAT:T9 Driver

Driver vision affected: external reasons (glare, stickers, manoeuvring)

Drivers’ vision can be adversely effected by external factors such as glare (particularly in a desert environment), a dirty, stickered or damaged windscreen or other factors such as clothing e.g. headcovering.

Impact on Threat Control: SP-1234: Use of Sun Glasses in strong glare

TC-Ref:T9-C1

C-Ref No:C42H M L

Sunglasses are essential for driver's comfort and safety particularly when driving in strong sunlight, in desert conditions. The PDO Specification for Personal Protective Equipment – SP-1234 provides further guidance on the kind of sunglasses, which should be used.




Impact on Threat Control: Vehicles kept clean TC-Ref:T9-C2

C-Ref No:C58H M L

Vehicles must be kept clean in order to ensure windscreens are clear, mirrors can be used and other road users can see lights, indicators and brake lights.




Impact on Threat Control: Banksman/Helper for large/heavy vehicles (DDC/2)

TC-Ref:T9-C3

C-Ref No:C101H M L

Drivers of large and heavy vehicles should be assisted by a banksman when attempting delicate manoeuvres. A banksman will signal the driver to stop the vehicle if there is a risk of collision or pedestrians are in the immediate area.






Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Reversing Alarms on HGV & Buses

TC-Ref:T9-C4

C-Ref No:C15H M L

All HGVs and buses must be fitted with audible reversing alarms. Further information on the specification of this equipment can be found in SP-2000 sections 3.3 (xix) and 3.4 (xviii).







Driver Threat 10 – Driver Vision Affected: External Reasons


10 Driver

1.10 Driver under influence of alcohol, drugs or medicine

L C41: Alcohol and drugs policy & campaigns


C87: Records & distribution of medicines by Company Doctor/Male nurse

C88: Warning labels on medication (when it creates drowsiness)



L THREAT:T10 Driver

Driver under influence of alcohol, drugs or medicine

Alcohol, drugs and medicine – whether prescription or not – can all adversely effect a driver’s judgement while he/she is control of the vehicle. This can lead to accidents through loss of concentration or a poor decision making process.

Impact on Threat Control: Alcohol and drugs policy & campaigns

TC-Ref:T10-C1

C-Ref No:C41H M L





ESCALATIONFACTOR

Driver wilfully driving under the influence of alcohol

TC Ref No:T10-C1-EC1

On rare occasions drivers are found to be driving under the influence of alcohol. This is a serious offence against ROP law and PDO road safety rules.


TC-Ref:T10-C1EC1-C1

C-Ref No:C36H M L

MD Circular 8/00 published on the 7th August 2000 sets out the disciplinary process for non-compliance with safety rules and tampering with vehicle safety equipment. Driving under the influence of alcohol is specifically mentioned as a dismissable offence. The document can be found on the Drive to Survive website.







TC-Ref:T10-C1

C-Ref No:C20H M L

The Safe Journey Management procedure is contained in SP-2000 Appendix III. It sets out requirements for rest breaks, routes and confirmation of safe conclusion of journey. Safe Journey Managers should be alerted to drivers obviously under the influence of alcohol or drugs, or are otherwise unfit to drive and intervene to ensure that drivers not fit to drive do not drive.




Impact on Threat Control: Records & distribution of medicines by Company Doctor/Male nurse

TC-Ref:T10-C2

C-Ref No:C87H M L

Records of all medicines stored or prescribed to individuals must be maintained by the Company Doctor or Male Nurse (SP-1233)




Impact on Threat Control: Warning labels on medication (when it creates drowsiness)

TC-Ref:T10-C3

C-Ref No:C88H M L

Medication, which causes drowsiness, should be clearly marked and labelled as such. Doctors and male nurses should be aware of whether an individual undergoing medical treatment is a driver and should ensure that in cases where drugs causing drowsiness have been prescribed the driver is given alternative duties, which do not involve driving, until the course of treatment is complete.






Vehicle Threat 11 – Vehicle Poor Tyres


11 Vehicle

2.1 Vehicle poor tires

M C16: SP-2000: Tires specification and selection as per manufacturer and SP-2000

C17: SP-2000: Tire pressure marked on wheel arches

C54: Tires - drivers trained in correct tire changing methods

C55: Tire condition & pressure checked during daily checks



M THREAT:T11 Vehicle

Vehicle poor tyres

A common defect found on both light and heavy vehicles is defective or worn tyres. Defective tyres can lead to blowouts at speed and loss of control posing a threat both to the vehicle fitted with the poor tyres and to third parties. Also tyre carcasses on the road can be a threat to other road users.

Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Tyres specification and selection as per manufacturer and SP-2000

TC-Ref:T11-C1

C-Ref No:C16H M L

SP-2000 sets out requirements for tyre quality and specification on light and heavy vehicles. The requirement includes detail on tread depth, pattern, and suitability for roads in Oman.




Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Tyre pressure marked on wheel arches

TC-Ref:T11-C2

C-Ref No:C17H M L

SP-2000 contains a requirement for all vehicles used in PDO operations to have the manufacturer’s recommended tyre pressure marked on the wheel arch, or on the body close to the wheel if there is no wheel arch.




Impact on Threat Control: Tyres - drivers trained in correct tyre changing methods

TC-Ref:T11-C3

C-Ref No:C54H M L

PDO drivers should be fully capable of changing the tyres on the vehicles they drive.






Impact on Threat Control: Tyre condition & pressure checked during daily checks

TC-Ref:T11-C4

C-Ref No:C55H M L

It is a mandatory requirement in PDO operations for all drivers to make a daily check of their vehicles before work starts. This includes a visual inspection of the condition and pressure of tyres.







Vehicle Threat 12 – Vehicle in Poor Condition/Maintenance (Major Maintenance)


12 Vehicle

2.2 Vehicle in poor condition/ maintenance (major maintenance)

M C24: SP-2000: Vehicle regular inspection and maintenance (RAS monthly inspection)

C25: SP-2000: Vehicle maintained to manufacturers recommendations (RAS)


C26: SP-2000: Vehicle daily checks by driver (RAS)

C27: SP-2000: Vehicle modifications approved by vehicle manufacturer



C22: SP-2000: Pre-start up RAS Vehicle Inspection




Vehicle in poor condition/maintenance (major maintenance)

Poorly maintained vehicles can lead to a serious potential for road traffic accidents through defective brakes, steering, suspension etc. Effective regular vehicle maintenance is essential to reduce the risk of unroadworthy vehicles causing accidents.

Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Vehicle regular inspection and maintenance (RAS monthly inspection)

TC-Ref:T12-C1

C-Ref No:C24H M L

Appendix II of SP-2000 contains the PDO Roadworthiness Assurance Standard (RAS). The standards specify the inspection and maintenance process to ensure vehicles are kept in a fit-for-purpose, roadworthy condition.




Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Vehicle maintained to manufacturers recommendations (RAS)

TC-Ref:T12-C2

C-Ref No:C25H M L

According to the RAS procedure vehicles should be maintained according to manufacturer’s recommendations, with records kept of inspection and servicing by a PDO RAS approved agency.




Impact on Threat Control: Vehicle Defect reporting system used by drivers

TC-Ref:T12-C3

C-Ref No:C56H M L

Drivers should report to their Supervisors any defect identified during the daily check of the vehicle or which becomes apparent when driving. Supervisors MUST take positive action to rectify defects.






ESCALATIONFACTOR

Vehicle defects not reported/not rectified TC Ref No:T12-C3-EC1

Information gathered through incident investigation and via the Road Safety Monitoring Team has shown that vehicles stopped during random checks, sometimes prove have patent defects.

Impact on Esc F Control: RSMT Monitoring/Coaching

TC-Ref:T12-C3EC1-C1

C-Ref No:C36H M L

The Road Safety Monitoring Team identifies and logs vehicle defects identified during roadside checks and feedback to the responsible party.





TC-Ref:T12-C3EC1-C2

C-Ref No:C38H M L





Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Vehicle daily checks by driver (RAS)

TC-Ref:T12-C4

C-Ref No:C26H M L



Drivers are responsible for checking the roadworthiness of their vehicles on a daily basis, before work starts. This is a simple visual check which includes tyres, overall condition, lights etc and also confirmation of additional safety equipment such as fire extinguishers and First Aid kits. A typical checklist for daily vehicle checks can be found in SP-2000, Appendix II.




Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Vehicle modifications approved by vehicle manufacturer

TC-Ref:T12-C5

C-Ref No:C27H M L

Any modifications to vehicles used in PDO operations must be approved by the vehicle manufacturer. For further information contact CSM51.




Impact on Threat Control: RSMT Monitoring/Coaching TC-Ref:T12-C6

C-Ref No:C36H M L





Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Annual Vehicle inspection (RAS sticker)

TC-Ref:T12-C7

C-Ref No:C1H M L

PDO requires that all vehicles undergoing the annual RAS inspection should display clearly a sticker including the date of inspection and the details of the Inspector. Examples of the RAS sticker are contained in SP-2000, Appendix II Page 24.





Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Pre-start up RAS Vehicle Inspection

TC-Ref:T12-C8

C-Ref No:C23H M L

Vehicles must be RAS approved BEFORE they are used on PDO operations. RAS requires that vehicles must be inspected prior to contract start-up or before use by PDO.







Vehicle Threat 13 – Vehicle in Poor Condition/Maintenance (Minor Maintenance)


13 Vehicle

2.3 Vehicle in poor condition or maintenance (minor maintenance/checks): tire change, oil/water check, battery acid, hot parts, rotating parts, hydraulic pressure

M C26: SP-2000: Vehicle daily checks by driver (RAS)






Vehicle in poor condition or maintenance (minor maintenance/checks): tire change, oil/water check, battery acid, hot parts, rotating parts, hydraulic pressure

Minor maintenance on a daily basis is essential for maintaining roadworthiness standards on vehicles. Uncorrected minor faults can lead to escalating problems, increasing the risk of accidents occurring.

Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Vehicle daily checks by driver (RAS)

TC-Ref:T13-C1

C-Ref No:C26H M L

Drivers are responsible for checking the roadworthiness of their vehicles on a daily basis, before work starts. This is a simple visual check which includes tyres, overall condition, lights etc and also confirmation of additional safety equipment such as fire extinguishers and First Aid kits. A typical checklist for daily vehicle checks can be found in SP-2000, Appendix II.





C-Ref No:C36H M L







Impact on Threat Control: Vehicle Defect reporting system used by drivers

TC-Ref:T13-C3

C-Ref No:C56H M L

Drivers should report to their Supervisors any defect identified during the daily check of the vehicle or which becomes apparent when driving. Supervisors MUST take positive action to rectify defects.




ESCALATIONFACTOR

Vehicle defects not reported by drivers TC Ref No:T13-C3-EC1

Drivers may sometimes be unwilling to report vehicle defects to their Supervisor, or may give up due to losing faith in the system if reported defects are not corrected.

Impact on Esc F Control: RSMT Monitoring/Coaching TC-Ref:T13-C3EC1-C1

C-Ref No:C36H M L





Impact on Esc F Control: Drivers supervised by qualified staff and clear reporting lines defined

TC-Ref:T13-C3EC1-C2

C-Ref No:C45H M L

Supervisors responsible for running vehicle fleets should be competent and qualified and their must be clearly understood lines of reporting and communication between drivers and Supervisors.







TC-Ref:T13-C1EC1-C3

C-Ref No:C38H M L








Vehicle Threat 14 – Vehicle Inappropriate for Task


15 Vehicle

2.5 Vehicle inappropriate for task

L C53: Vehicle appropriate for task (load, journey & road conditions)


C45: Drivers supervised by qualified staff and clear reporting lines defined




L THREAT:T14 Vehicle

Vehicle inappropriate for task

The correct vehicle must be used for the operational task. Vehicles used on graded roads for example must be equipped with the correct additional safety equipment. Ensuring the vehicle is fit for purpose is a supervisory responsibility and should be incorporated into the planning stage of a particular activity.


TC-Ref:T14-C1

C-Ref No:C53H M L

Every vehicle must be fit for the particular purpose for which it is used. For further information in regard to the suitability of vehicles for different operational needs contact CSM51.




Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Vehicle specifications for vehicle & road type

TC-Ref:T14-C2

C-Ref No:C11H M L

SP-2000 gives clear guidance on requirements for vehicle specification and type. Section 3.1 ‘Requirements for Vehicles’ refers.




Impact on Threat Control: Drivers supervised by qualified staff and clear reporting lines defined

TC-Ref:T14-C3

C-Ref No:C45H M L

Supervisors responsible for running vehicle fleets should be competent and qualified and their must be clearly understood lines of reporting and communication between drivers and Supervisors.







TC-Ref:T14-C4

C-Ref No:C20H M L

The Safe Journey Management procedure is contained in SP-2000 Appendix III. It sets out requirements for rest breaks, routes and confirmation of safe conclusion of journey. The Safe Journey Manager has to authorise journeys before they take place. Part of this authorisation process will include ensuring that the vehicle in which the journey is to be undertaken is appropriate and fit-for-purpose.







Load in/on Vehicle Threat 15 –



3.1 Overloaded/instability weight and distribution

M C53: Vehicle appropriate for task (load, journey & road conditions)

C60: Weigh bridges: check that vehicle is not overloaded


C62: Roof-racks only used in special circumstances, weight limit imposed




C91: SP-2001: COP for loading vehicles and securing loads




M THREAT:T15 Load

in/on Vehicle

Overloaded/instability weight and distribution

Serious incidents have occurred involving loads shifting on vehicles or the vehicle being overloaded. This causes instability, extra stress on the vehicle and secondary problems with tyres and vehicle underpinnings.


TC-Ref:T15-C1

C-Ref No:C53H M L

Every vehicle must be fit for the particular purpose for which it is used. For further information in regard to the suitability of vehicles for different operational needs contact CSM51.




Impact on Threat Control: Weigh bridges: check that vehicle is not overloaded

TC-Ref:T15-C2

C-Ref No:C60H M L

All goods vehicles must be weighed before the journey starts to ensure that the load does not exceed the maximum weight permitted for the vehicle type.






Impact on Threat Control: Qualified supervisor checks loading before start of journey

TC-Ref:T15-C3

C-Ref No:C61H M L

Supervisors responsible for goods vehicles must be competent to confirm that loads are safe, secured properly and not exceeding the maximum permitted weight before the start of the journey.




Impact on Threat Control: Roof-racks only used in special circumstances, weight limit imposed

TC-Ref:T15-C4

C-Ref No:C62H M L

Roof racks are not permitted for general use in PDO operations. They should only be used in certain specific situations. For further advice on the use of roof racks contact CSM51.




Impact on Threat Control: ROP Road side checks (enforcement)

TC-Ref:T15-C5

C-Ref No:C89H M L

The Royal Oman Police carry out road side checks on goods vehicles to ensure that they are loads are secured properly and not excessive for the vehicle. Fines can be imposed on vehicle operators not complying with Oman road traffic legislation.







C-Ref No:C36H M L

The Road Safety Monitoring Team identifies and logs vehicle defects identified during roadside checks and feedback to the responsible party. These random checks include an assessment of load safety and security.






Impact on Threat Control: ROP Load restrictions (traffic law) TC-Ref:T15-C7

C-Ref No:C90H M L

For information concerning the ROP road traffic legislation and its application to vehicle loads contact CSM51.




Impact on Threat Control: SP-2001: COP for loading vehicles and securing loads

TC-Ref:T15-C8

C-Ref No:C91H M L

SP-2001 contains the PDO requirements for vehicle loading and security of loads.




Impact on Threat Control: Training and competence assurance on loading vehicles and securing loads (supervisory & rigger/driver level)

TC-Ref:T15-C9

C-Ref No:C92H M L

All personnel involved with the loading of vehicles must be fully trained assessed as competent to safely discharge their responsibilities.







Load in/on Vehicle Threat 16 – Bulk Liquids – Moveable Weight



3.2 Bulk liquids movable weight

M C19: SP-2000: Tanker specifications (Centre of Gravity, Skids on min 2.8 m wide trailers, tank baffles/compartments)

C3: SP-2000: DDC-4 training for tanker drivers





M THREAT:T16 Load

in/on Vehicle

Bulk liquids movable weight

Bulk tanker vehicles can be particularly vulnerable to losing stability due to the directional forces exerted on the vehicle by product movement (known as product ‘swash’). In extreme cases this can cause the vehicle to rollover.

Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Tanker specifications (Centre of Gravity, Skids on min 2.8 m wide trailers, tank baffles/compartments)

TC-Ref:T16-C1

C-Ref No:C19H M L

SP-2000 sets out specific requirements for the design and specification for road tankers (SP-2000, section 3.7.1).




Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: DDC-4 training for tanker drivers

TC-Ref:T16-C2

C-Ref No:C3H M L

All tanker drivers in PDO must undergo specialist defensive driving training for their vehicle. DDC-4 is a specific four-hour training programme for driver of road tanker vehicles.





C-Ref No:C36H M L







Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Annual Vehicle inspection (RAS sticker)

TC-Ref:T16-C4

C-Ref No:C23H M L

All road tanker vehicles used in PDO operations must be annually inspected by a RAS approved agency and carry a valid RAS sticker. Appendix II of SP-2000 describes the Roadworthiness Assurance Standard.







Load in/on Vehicle Threat 17 – Loads Not Correctly Secured/Dropping Off



3.3 Loads not correctly secured/dropping off

M C89: ROP Road side checks (enforcement)



C91: SP-2001: COP for loading vehicles and securing loads


C93: Provide adequate load securing equipment and inspection this material

C64: On road load and vehicle checks by driver en-route



M THREAT:T17 Load

in/on Vehicle

Loads not correctly secured/dropping off

Unsecured loads on vehicles can cause a serious hazard by coming detached from the vehicle, which is carrying them. This can cause serious incidents involving the vehicle itself and other road users if they happen to be in the vicinity of a vehicle with an unsecured load. Incidents are also caused by parts of loads, which come loose and are left in the road.


TC-Ref:T17-C1

C-Ref No:C89H M L






C-Ref No:C36H M L








TC-Ref:T17-C3

C-Ref No:C61H M L

Supervisors responsible for goods vehicles must be competent to confirm that loads are safe, secured properly and not exceeding the maximum permitted weight before the start of the journey.





TC-Ref:T17-C4

C-Ref No:C91H M L

SP-2001 contains the PDO requirements for vehicle loading and security of loads





TC-Ref:T17-C5

C-Ref No:C92H M L







Impact on Threat Control: Provide adequate load securing equipment and inspection of this material

TC-Ref:T17-C6

C-Ref No:C93H M L

Equipment used to secure loads on vehicles should be fit-for-purpose and maintained in effective working order. Equipment should be inspected periodically. The Safety Equipment checklists in the RAS section (Appendix II) of SP-2000 provide guidance on these inspections.




Impact on Threat Control: On road load and vehicle checks by driver en-route

TC-Ref:T17-C7

C-Ref No:C64H M L

Drivers must stop and check their loads periodically to ensure they are secure as the journey progresses. This can be combined with the mandatory rest breaks, which have to be taken en route (1 hours rest after 4 hours of continual driving).







Load in/on Vehicle Threat 18 – Oversized Loads



3.4 Oversized loads

M C90: ROP Load restrictions (traffic law)






C33: SP-2000: Rig Pre-mobilisation inspection and rectification, and pre move inspections (SP-2000 Convoy procedure)



M THREAT:T18 Load

in/on Vehicle

Oversized loads

Oversized loads have to be moved frequently for PDO operations. This may be the movement of a drilling rig or heavy equipment en route to an oilfield installation. Movement of oversized loads requires careful planning and execution at every stage in order to prevent incidents, either with the vehicle engaged in the load movement or with other road users.


C-Ref No:C90H M L

The ROP place restrictions on certain sized loads and require precautions to be taken e.g. providing escorts etc. Further information can be obtained from CSM51.




Impact on Threat Control: Provide escorts either from ROP or Company dependent on traffic regulations, load size

TC-Ref:T18-C2

C-Ref No:C63H M L

Large loads such as rig movements require by law an escort either from PDO or the ROP

User/Local Implementation of this control




TC-Ref:T18-C3

C-Ref No:C53H M L

Every vehicle must be fit for the particular purpose for which it is used. Large loads require very specific vehicles for additional power and load carrying capacity. Trailers also need to be fit-for-purpose. For further information in regard to the suitability of vehicles for different operational needs contact CSM51.







TC-Ref:T18-C4

C-Ref No:C61H M L

Supervisors responsible for goods vehicles must be competent to confirm that loads are safe, secured properly and not exceeding the maximum permitted weight before the start of the journey. Loads must be thoroughly checked to ensure they are secure before the journey starts.





TC-Ref:T18-C5

C-Ref No:C89H M L






C-Ref No:C36H M L







Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Rig Pre-mobilisation inspection and rectification, and pre move inspections (SP-2000 Convoy procedure)

TC-Ref:T18-C7

C-Ref No:C33H M L

The PDO Convoy Procedure is contained in Appendix IV of SP-2000 and gives details of all precautions that need to be taken to ensure safe movement of rigs.







Load in/on Vehicle Threat 19 – Passenger as ‘Load’



3.5 Passengers as "load"

M C35: SP-2000: All vehicle occupants to wear seatbelts

C94: Passengers not to distract drivers


C4: SP-2000: DDC-5 training for bus drivers




M THREAT:T19 Load

in/on Vehicle

Passengers as ‘load’

The movement of passengers by road is significant in PDO. Passengers are moved by bus and by light vehicle to and from work sites, airstrips and camps etc. It is of obvious importance to ensure the safety of people whilst they are commuting particularly in large numbers in heavy buses.

Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: All vehicle occupants to wear seatbelts

TC-Ref:T19-C1

C-Ref No:C1H M L

Data gathered from road traffic accidents has shown conclusively that seat belts save lives. It is therefore an absolute requirement in PDO for all vehicle occupants to wear a seat belt at all times. It is also a legal requirement in Oman enforceable by the ROP.




Impact on Threat Control: Passengers not to distract drivers TC-Ref:T19-C2

C-Ref No:C94H M L

Passengers in vehicles and buses should not distract drivers by unnecessarily speaking to them during journeys. This does not however mean that passengers should not provide feedback to drivers in order to ensure that they stay alert and do not lose concentration.







C-Ref No:C80H M L





Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: DDC-5 Training for Bus Drivers

TC-Ref:T19-C4

C-Ref No:C4H M L

Bus drivers have additional responsibilities for safety due to the larger numbers of passengers travelling on the vehicles under their charge. It is therefore a requirement in SP-2000 for PDO/Contractor bus drivers to undergo the DDC-5 Course ‘Defensive Driving for Bus Drivers’





TC-Ref:T19-C4

C-Ref No:C1H M L








Road and Environment - Threat 20 – Poor design of roads & parking area's (PDO & Government



4.1 Poor design of roads & parking area's (PDO & Government)

M C66: Road design & construction to laid down standards (ERDs)

C102: Road detailed design review by expert teams prior to release for construction

C103: Pre-start up inspection by expert team of new roads prior to release for use



M THREAT:T20 Road and

Environment

Poor design of roads & parking area's (PDO & Government)

Road design plays a fundamental part in maintaining standards of road safety. Road surfaces, markings, layout, design and also the layout of parking areas must all be designed and constructed by competent, qualified parties who specialise in traffic engineering.

Impact on Threat Control: Road design & construction to laid down standards (ERDs)

TC-Ref:T20-C1

C-Ref No:C66H M L

ERDs (Engineering Reference Documents) provide the basis of effective road design and construction and should be referenced during the planning, design and construction phases of all roads.




Impact on Threat Control: Road detailed design review by expert teams prior to release for construction

TC-Ref:T20-C2

C-Ref No:C102H M L

PDO road design should be peer reviewed by teams with expertise in traffic engineering to ensure design meets appropriate standards before commencement of construction phase.






Impact on Threat Control: Pre-start up inspection by expert team of new roads prior to release for use

TC-Ref:T20-C3

C-Ref No:C103H M L

In addition to reviewing design standards of new PDO roads relevant expertise should also be called in to inspect new roads prior to the road being released for use. This may be from a third party source.



Assessment Corporate:




Road and Environment - Threat 21 – Poor Maintenance of Roads



4.2 Poor maintenance of roads

M C67: Maintenance of roads to standard (ERD ??)

C95: Road condition feedback form and corrective action system

C96: Pre-set road inspection program for different road types and classes






Environment

Poor maintenance of roads

As well as being properly designed and constructed road should be effectively maintained for use. Maintenance should be based on a scheduled inspection programme resulting in corrective action being taken to prevent road surfaces deteriorating to such an extent that it becomes hazardous to use them.

Impact on Threat Control: Maintenance of roads to standard (ERD ??)

TC-Ref:T21-C1

C-Ref No:C67H M L

Roads should be maintained to effective international and in-house (PDO) standards. ERD xx-xx provides information on roads maintenance.




Impact on Threat Control: Road condition feedback form and corrective action system

TC-Ref:T21-C2

C-Ref No:C95H M L

The PDO Road Condition feedback form is used to communicate defective road conditions back to the section responsible in PDO for taking corrective action.




Impact on Threat Control: Pre-set road inspection program for different road types and classes

TC-Ref:T21-C3

C-Ref No:C96H M L

Different categories of road are subject to differing levels of inspection depending on their status i.e. major arterial routes will receive a higher level of prioritised attention than minor routes.






Impact on Threat Control: Temporary road signs: warnings poor road conditions & road works

TC-Ref:T21-C4

C-Ref No:C90H M L

Temporary road conditions which provide additional threats to drivers must be effectively signed. Stretches of road awaiting corrective maintenance should also be clearly signed to the effect that the road surface may be hazardous.





TC-Ref:T21-C5

C-Ref No:C1H M L

The DDC-1/2 Defensive Driving Training courses addressing 2 elements: behaviour/attitude and defensive driving skills. The requirement is specified in SP-2000, Section 2, para 2.1 (iv). The Course contains a specific module entitled ‘The Driving Environment', which concentrates on hazards arising from road conditions.







Road and Environment - Threat 22 – Obstructions: permanent or temporary



4.3 Obstructions: permanent or temporary

M C69: clear sign posting of permanent hazards (steep gradients, etc)






Environment

Obstructions: permanent or temporary

Permanent obstructions may be bridges, roundabouts or street lamps. Temporary obstructions can be caused by parked vehicles, road works or debris on the road. All can be a threat to the safety of the driver who does not remain alert to the driving conditions around him.

Impact on Threat Control: Clear sign posting of permanent hazards (steep gradients, etc)

TC-Ref:T22-C1

C-Ref No:C92H M L

Where a permanent condition or fixture of the road causes a potential obstruction there should be clear sign posting, warning drivers of the hazard ahead.




Impact on Threat Control: Temporary road signs: warnings poor road conditions & road works

TC-Ref:T22-C2

C-Ref No:C19H M L

Temporary road conditions that provide additional threats to drivers must be effectively signed. Stretches of road awaiting corrective maintenance should also be clearly signed to the effect that the road surface may be hazardous.







Road and Environment - Threat 23 – Poor visibility (dust, fog, rain)



4.4 Poor visibility (dust, fog, rain )

M C31: SP-2000: Dust code for overtaking and oncoming vehicles

C2: SP-2000: DDC-3 training graded and off-road


C30: SP-2000: Headlights switched on and high intensity rear lights for graded roads




Environment

Poor visibility (dust, fog, rain )

Poor visibility due to weather condition is a constant threat particularly in desert conditions where dust blown by the wind or thrown up by vehicles on graded roads is a constant hazard.

Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Dust code for overtaking and oncoming vehicles

TC-Ref:T23-C1

C-Ref No:C31H M L

SP-2000 (Section 2.2.7.1) sets out the PDO ‘Dust Code'; a mandatory approach for drivers of vehicle travelling on graded roads. This prohibits overtaking in dust and also requires that drivers pull off the road when an oncoming vehicle is creating a dust cloud in case another vehicle is overtaking, with a potential for a head-on collision.




Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: DDC-3 training graded and off-road

TC-Ref:T23-C2

C-Ref No:C2H M L

DDC-3 is a compulsory 4-hour module in addition to the basic DDC-1/2 programmes, which focuses on the specific hazards of driving on graded roads. All drivers operating on graded roads are required to undergo the DDC-3 programme.





TC-Ref:T23-C3

C-Ref No:C78H M L

Road safety campaigns are run on various themes throughout the year. One of the recurrent themes is driving in poor visibility either because of fog, dust or rain. Further information and promotional materials are available from CSM5.






Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Headlights switched on and high intensity rear lights for graded roads

TC-Ref:T23-C4

C-Ref No:C30H M L

It is a mandatory requirement for all drivers of vehicles using graded roads to drive at all times with dipped headlights and with high intensity rear lights (also a mandatory requirement for vehicles used on graded roads) switched on. This is so that the vehicle is more visible to both oncoming and following traffic.







Road and Environment - Threat 24 – Poor visibility (night)



4.5 Poor visibility (night)

M C34: SP-2000: Night driving restrictions


C6: SP-2000: Eye test prior to attending DDC-1/2 course





Environment


Poor visibility due to night driving is a constant threat when driving in the dark. There is an additional risk of collisions with animals and also of accidents involving other vehicles due to driver fatigue. PDO do not allow night driving except in certain exceptional operational circumstances.


C-Ref No:C34H M L

Night driving is only allowed in PDO operations in very specific situations e.g. emergencies, major deferment of production etc. The PDO Night Driving Rules are set out clearly in SP-2000, section 2.2.6.




Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: 2 yearly Eye Test included in DDC-6 course

TC-Ref:T24-C2

C-Ref No:C7H M L

The Vision Screening Test included in the DDC1/2 programmes and repeated during the Professional Assessment drive on a two yearly basis includes a test of night vision acuity.




Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Eye test prior to attending DDC-1/2 course

TC-Ref:T24-C3

C-Ref No:C61H M L

All personnel undertaking the DDC1/2 will undergo a vision screening test at the start of each course. The test includes depth perception, peripheral vision, and other standard assessments for satisfactory eyesight. Candidates identified as having problems with their eyesight during the vision-screening test will be referred to an optician for further testing.







TC-Ref:T24-C4

C-Ref No:C1H M L








Road and Environment - Threat 25 – Rain affecting road surface: slippery, wadis



4.6 Rain affecting road surface: slippery, wadis

M C78: Road Safety campaigns (posters, etc) both in house PDO and at National level



C68: Halt all traffic during adverse weather conditions-close roads

C71: Water levels marked on poles at wadi crossings. Do not cross if level is over mark (ERD).




Environment

Rain affecting road surface: slippery, wadis

Rainfall in Oman is not frequent. However it does rain at times, and during these spells of wet weather the roads become extremely hazardous due to the accumulation of rubber, oil and bitumen on the road surface which combines with rain water to make conditions extremely slippery.


TC-Ref:T25-C1

C-Ref No:C78H M L

Road safety campaigns are run on various themes throughout the year. One of the recurrent themes is hazardous driving conditions due to rain. Further information and promotional materials are available from CSM5.





TC-Ref:T25-C2

C-Ref No:C93H M L

The DDC-1/2 Defensive Driving Training courses addressing 2 elements: behaviour/attitude and defensive driving skills. The requirement is specified in SP-2000, Section 2, para 2.1 (iv). This includes tuition form professional driving instructors on how to safely negotiate wet and slippery roads. However, it does not include advanced driving techniques such as skid recovery. The emphasis is on skid prevention.







TC-Ref:T25-C3

C-Ref No:C20H M L

Safe Journey Management Procedures require all journeys to be authorised by the Safe Journey Manager. In instances where the is a significant threat due to hazardous road conditions due to rain the SJM is authorised to not allow journeys until conditions become safer. The SJM is also required to advise drivers of weather conditions when there may be a threat due to bad weather.




Impact on Threat Control: Halt all traffic during adverse weather conditions-close roads

TC-Ref:T25-C4

C-Ref No:C90H M L

During periods of extreme weather Asset Holders may decide that a particular stretch of road should be closed altogether until conditions improve.




Impact on Threat Control: Water levels marked on poles at wadi crossings. Do not cross if level is over mark (ERD).

TC-Ref:T25-C5

C-Ref No:C63H M L

Where a wadi crosses a road in Oman (an ‘Irish Crossing’) the intersection is marked with a row of upright poles on either side of the road with graduated white and red marks on them. When water from a flowing wadi reaches the red graduations driver must not enter the water in an attempt to cross.







Road and Environment - Threat 26 – Heat & dehydration leading to fatigue/loss of concentration



4.7 Heat & dehydration leading to fatigue/loss of concentration








Environment

Heat & dehydration leading to fatigue/loss of concentration

In Oman during the summer months the temperature can reach 50C and above. Fatigue and heat exhaustion are a real hazard and drivers and supervisors should be aware of this and act accordingly.


TC-Ref:T26-C1

C-Ref No:C1H M L

The DDC-1/2 Defensive Driving Training courses addressing 2 elements: behaviour/attitude and defensive driving skills. The requirement is specified in SP-2000, Section 2, para 2.1 (iv). Part of the course focuses on the additional threats of driving in high temperatures and the associated controls.





TC-Ref:T26-C2

C-Ref No:C20H M L

Safe Journey Management Procedures require all journeys to be authorised by the Safe Journey Manager. The SJM should ensure that a driver is well rested before he undertakes a journey particularly in the heat of summer, and also that the driver has an adequate supply of potable drinking water in the vehicle with him. He should also ensure that the driver is fully briefed as to the necessary rest stops and contacts to be made to base.







TC-Ref:T26-C3

C-Ref No:C78H M L

Road safety campaigns are run on various themes throughout the year. One of the recurrent themes is hazardous driving conditions due to heat and its associated effects. Further information and promotional materials are available from CSM5.




Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Air Conditioning in all vehicles

TC-Ref:T26-C4

C-Ref No:C36H M L

Air conditioning is required in all vehicles used in PDO operations in order to keep the driver cool and avoid loss of concentration from fatigue caused by heat exposure. The requirements are contained in SP-2000 section 3.1 ‘Requirements for Vehicles’.







Road and Environment - Threat 27 – Steep gradient (existing



4.8 Steep gradient (existing)

L C69: clear sign posting of permanent hazards (steep gradients, etc)


C24: SP-2000: Vehicle regular inspection and maintenance (RAS monthly inspection)





L THREAT:T27 Road and

Environment


In some areas of Oman there are steep inclines which have to be safely negotiated by drivers. These inclines pose a threat for HGVs in case of brake fade and inability to stop. Drivers also may be faced with another driver overtaking a slow moving vehicle on an incline and unable to see far enough ahead to ensure that it is safe to overtake.


TC-Ref:T27-C1

C-Ref No:C33H M L

Where a permanent condition or fixture of the road causes a potential obstruction there should be clear sign posting, warning drivers of the hazard ahead. Inclines must be clearly marked.





TC-Ref:T27-C2

C-Ref No:C53H M L

All vehicles must be fit for purpose; this includes adequate consideration for vehicles carrying cargo on roads where gradients are known to be a feature.




Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Vehicle regular inspection and maintenance (RAS monthly inspection)

TC-Ref:T27-C3

C-Ref No:C24H M L

Appendix II of SP-2000 contains the PDO Roadworthiness Assurance Standard (RAS). The standards specify the inspection and maintenance process to ensure vehicles are kept in a fit-for-purpose, roadworthy condition.






TC-Ref:T27-C4

C-Ref No:C1H M L

The DDC-1/2 Defensive Driving Training courses addressing 2 elements: behaviour/attitude and defensive driving skills. The requirement is specified in SP-2000, Section 2, para 2.1 (iv). The course includes tuition on negotiating gradients.





TC-Ref:T27-C5

C-Ref No:C20H M L

Safe Journey Management Procedures require all journeys to be authorised by the Safe Journey Manager. The SJM should ensure that a driver is fully briefed as to the nature of the road and any significant hazards known to be a feature of the journey.







Road and Environment - Threat 28 – Objects above road: height restrictions



4.9 Objects above road: height restrictions

L C72: Overhead goal post height markers

C69: clear sign posting of permanent hazards (steep gradients, etc)



C73: Procedure for permits to pass below power-lines




Environment

Objects above road: height restrictions

Many roads in Oman pass underneath overhead powerlines and road bridges. It is essential that drivers are fully aware of the height of their vehicles and the height of the overhead feature so they can safely pass underneath.

Impact on Threat Control: Overhead goal post height markers TC-Ref:T28-C1

C-Ref No:C72H M L

On approach to overhead powerlines on PDO roads ‘goal post’ markers are used to denote the safe height of passage underneath the lines. Drivers of large vehicles, particularly those with high loads must not pass underneath the OH lines if their loads exceed the height of the goal post marker.





TC-Ref:T28-C2

C-Ref No:CH M L

Overhead lines and bridges are marked with a sign indicating the height of the feature. If a load exceeds the sign posted height the driver should not attempt to pass underneath.





C-Ref No:C70H M L

Oman traffic law prohibits loads of a certain size from travelling on certain roads e.g. into Muscat. For further information please refer to CSM51.






Impact on Threat Control: Provide escorts either from ROP or Company dependent on traffic regulations, load size

TC-Ref:T28-C4

C-Ref No:C63H M L

Large loads such as rig movements require by law an escort either from PDO or the ROP




Impact on Threat Control: Procedure for permits to pass below power-lines

TC-Ref:T28-C5

C-Ref No:C73H M L

In some circumstances permission may have to be given by the PDO Electrical Department for authorisation pass below power lines. For further details refer to CSM5 or the CFDH – Electrical.







Road and Environment - Threat 29 – Off road driving hazards



4.10 Off road driving hazards

L C2: SP-2000: DDC-3 training graded and off-road



C21: SP-2000: Maximum speed limits for different road types & signs for lower limits.




Environment


Some operational activities may require that some driving be undertaken off-road. This is particularly associated with seismic activities and pipeline inspection and maintenance where vehicles are taken onto Pipeline Rights of Way. Off-road driving poses specific threats due to the surface of the ground and the general terrain.

Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: DDC-3 training graded and off-road

TC-Ref:T29-C1

C-Ref No:C2H M L

DDC-3 is a compulsory 4-hour module in addition to the basic DDC-1/2 programmes, which focuses on the specific hazards of driving on graded roads. All drivers operating on graded roads are required to undergo the DDC-3 programme. By arrangement with the training provider the course can also be expanded to incorporate specific off-road driving hazards and controls.




Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Vehicle specifications for vehicle & road type

TC-Ref:T29-C2

C-Ref No:C11H M L

Specific requirements are laid out in SP-2000 in regard to the requirement s for vehicles used on graded roads or off-road. These requirements refer specifically to ground clearance, tyres, high visibility rear lights and roll bar protection for the vehicle occupants. For further information refer to SP-2000 Section 3.







TC-Ref:T29-C3

C-Ref No:C20H M L

Safe Journey Management Procedures require all journeys to be authorised by the Safe Journey Manager. In instances where the is a significant threat due to hazardous road conditions due to graded or off-road driving conditions, the SJM must be satisfied that all necessary precautions relating to the driver and the vehicle are in place before the journey starts.




Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Maximum speed limits for different road types & signs for lower limits.

TC-Ref:T29-C4

C-Ref No:C21H M L

Maximum speed limits will be lowered to compensate for additional threats due to the road. The maximum permissible speed on PDO graded roads is 80 km per hour. In reality the maximum safe speed of travel is often lower than this due to road weather or traffic conditions.







Road and Environment - Threat 30 – Wind Forces



4.11 Wind forces L C1: SP-2000: DDC-1/2 Defensive DrivingTraining addressing Behaviour, Attitude and DD skills





Environment

Wind Forces

During times of severe wind additional hazards are created by the reduction in visibility due to windblown dust. There are also stability hazard factors for high-sided vehicles. In Oman strong desert winds, known as ‘Shamals’ make driving particularly hazardous during the summer months.


TC-Ref:T30-C1

C-Ref No:C1H M L

The DDC-1/2 Defensive Driving Training courses addressing 2 elements: behaviour/attitude and defensive driving skills. The requirement is specified in SP-2000, Section 2, para 2.1 (iv). The programme includes the control factors for dealing with wind conditions.





TC-Ref:T30-C2

C-Ref No:C20H M L

Safe Journey Management Procedures require all journeys to be authorised by the Safe Journey Manager. In instances where the is a significant threat due to hazardous road conditions due to windy weather conditions, the SJM must be satisfied that all necessary precautions relating to the driver and the vehicle are in place before the journey starts. The SJM Procedure includes the actions to be taken in the event of a ‘man lost’ incident, a potential occurrence when wind blown dust obscures minor graded roads.







Other Road Users - Threat 31 – Other vehicle driver poor behaviour (reckless, speed, unexpected moves)


31 Other Road User

5.1 Other vehicle driver poor behaviour (reckless, speed, unexpected moves)



C98: Government co-operation and lobby for improving road safety standards in Oman

C59: Awareness of Road Hazards by local communities, road safety education programs



H THREAT:T31 Other Road

User

Other vehicle driver poor behaviour (reckless, speed, unexpected moves)

In many cases incidents involving PDO vehicles and drivers are caused by reckless or negligent driving by third parties on the roads in Oman. This is a constant exposure for PDO drivers throughout the operational areas.


TC-Ref:T31-C1

C-Ref No:C1H M L

The DDC-1/2 Defensive Driving Training courses addressing 2 elements: behaviour/attitude and defensive driving skills. The requirement is specified in SP-2000, Section 2, para 2.1 (iv). The Course contains a specific module entitled ‘The Driving Environment', which concentrates on hazards arising from other drivers.





TC-Ref:T31-C2

C-Ref No:C78H M L

Publicity and promotional campaigns are run within PDO both corporately and at a local level. Promotional material such as posters, leaflets, information booklets is available from CSM5. National campaigns are also conducted with PDO involvement to mark occasions such as National Road Safety Week. These promotional efforts are intended to reach the pubic at large in an effort to raise awareness of road safety issues.






Impact on Threat Control: Government co-operation and lobby for improving road safety standards in Oman

TC-Ref:T31-C3

C-Ref No:C98H M L

PDO liases with the Oman Government in ongoing efforts to raise road safety standards in Oman. This includes driver training, road conditions and road design.




Impact on Threat Control: Awareness of Road Hazards by local communities, road safety education programs

TC-Ref:T31-C4

C-Ref No:C59H M L

PDO also liases with local communities in the Interior regions especially in promoting road safety as an issue for children to learn more about.







Other Road Users - Threat 32 – Pedestrian behaviour: in villages, in workshops, sleeping on and around the vehicle


32 Other Road User

5.2 Pedestrian behaviour: in villages, in workshops, sleeping on and around the vehicle.



C29: SP-2000: Resting under vehicles or trailers is prohibited



H THREAT:T32 Other Road

User

Pedestrian behaviour: in villages, in workshops, sleeping on and around the vehicle.

Vehicles pose a particular threat to pedestrians, as people walking are unpredictable, easy to hurt and in some areas present in large numbers. All efforts should be taken to drivers to lessen the threat posed to pedestrians by their driving and their vehicles.


TC-Ref:T32-C1

C-Ref No:C1H M L

The DDC-1/2 Defensive Driving Training courses addressing 2 elements: behaviour/attitude and defensive driving skills. The requirement is specified in SP-2000, Section 2, para 2.1 (iv). The Course contains a specific module entitled ‘The Driving Environment' that concentrates on hazards arising from pedestrians.





TC-Ref:T32-C2

C-Ref No:C78H M L

Publicity and promotional campaigns are run within PDO both corporately and at a local level. Promotional material such as posters, leaflets, information booklets is available from CSM5. National campaigns are also conducted with PDO involvement to mark occasions such as National Road Safety Week. These promotional efforts are intended to reach the pubic at large in an effort to raise awareness of road safety issues.






Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Resting under vehicles or trailers is prohibited

TC-Ref:T32-C3

C-Ref No:CH M L

Fatal incidents have occurred in the past where people have been resting under a vehicle to take advantage of the shade and the vehicle has moved off, running over the person underneath it. It is therefore prohibited in PDO to take rest underneath a vehicle or trailer unless it is fitted with a proper suspended bed. It also prohibited to take rest in a vehicle (light or heavy) unless fitted with a proper sleeper cab.







Other Road Users - Threat 33 – Animals (camels, goats, donkeys, etc)


33 Other Road User

5.3 Animals (camels, goats, donkeys, etc)






M THREAT:T33 Other Road

User

Animals (camels, goats, donkeys, etc)

Animals roam at will throughout the Interior of Oman, and in towns and villages many goats and donkeys may also be encountered on roads. Drivers must be prepared to take avoiding action when driving as animals are unpredictable and will cross roads regardless of whether there is traffic present or not.


TC-Ref:T33-C1

C-Ref No:C1H M L

The DDC-1/2 Defensive Driving Training courses addressing 2 elements: behaviour/attitude and defensive driving skills. The requirement is specified in SP-2000, Section 2, para 2.1 (iv). The Course contains a specific module entitled ‘The Driving Environment' that concentrates on hazards arising from animals.





TC-Ref:T33-C2

C-Ref No:C78H M L

Publicity and promotional campaigns are run within PDO both corporately and at a local level. Promotional material such as posters, leaflets, information booklets is available from CSM5. National campaigns are also conducted with PDO involvement to mark occasions such as National Road Safety Week. These promotional efforts are intended to reach the pubic at large in an effort to raise awareness of road safety issues. This includes awareness of animals on the road and also controlling (where possible) domestic animals so that they are prevented from roaming onto roads.







C-Ref No:CH M L

Night driving is only allowed in PDO operations in very specific situations e.g. emergencies, major deferment of production etc. The PDO Night Driving Rules are set out clearly in SP-2000, section 2.2.6. This restriction is intended in part to reduce the risk of road traffic accidents involving collisions with animals whilst driving at night.







Other - Threat 34 – Logistics/transport planning: excess kilometres/exposure


34 Other 6.1 Logistics/transport planning: excess kilometres/exposure

M C104: Logistics strategies resulting in km reduction

C44: Fly instead of driving: reduce driving kilometre exposure



M THREAT:T34 Other

Logistics/transport planning: excess kilometres/exposure

The most effective way of managing the risk of road traffic accidents is to reduce exposure by reducing the amount of km driven.

Impact on Threat Control: Logistics strategies resulting in km reduction

TC-Ref:T34-C1

C-Ref No:C104H M L

The Logistics Department in PDO actively addresses the issue of km driven and has initiatives designed to avoid unnecessary km exposure. This includes implementation of the new 4PL strategy.




Impact on Threat Control: Fly instead of driving: reduce driving kilometre exposure

TC-Ref:T34-C2

C-Ref No:CH M L

The PDO Commuting Policy is that personnel (PDO and Contractor) will fly between Coast and Interior locations in order to reduce km driven. This is stated in SP-2000, SECTION 2.2.4 para iv.







Other - Threat 35 – Poor supervision/contract management (indirect threat)


35 Other 6.2 Poor supervision/contract management (indirect threat)

M C105: Compliance with contract management procedures: pre-qual, pre-start up, etc



M THREAT:T35 Other

Poor supervision/contract management (indirect threat)

Poor contract management by PDO can lead to selection of contractors that are not capable to execute their road transport operations in a safe manner. Poor supervision by PDO can lead to the same.

Impact on Threat Control: Compliance with contract management procedures: pre-qual, pre-start up, etc

TC-Ref:T35-C1

C-Ref No:C105H M L

PR-1171 and CP-XXX describe in great detail the procedures that CO, CH, CSR shall follow in the definition, implementation and execution stages of a contract. The Contract Holders Certification Scheme has been developed to assure competence of appointed PDO contract management personnel.







Consequence 1 – Driver or Passenger fatality/LTI


1 Conse-quence

6.2 Driver or Passenger fatality/LTI

H C201: SP-2000: Airbags for driver and front seat passenger (LV registered after 1/Sept/2001)



C204: First Aid Training by all professional drivers



C207: SP-2000: Cargo net/rack separating luggage from passengers

C208: SP-2000: Rollover bars in all LV's



H CONSEQUENCE 1:

Driver or Passenger fatality/LTI

The worst case scenario in any road traffic accident is the death of a driver, passenger or pedestrian. The following are the fundamental controls intended to prevent injury in the event of an incident, or at least to reduce the severity of the injury

Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Airbags for driver and front seat passenger (LV registered after 1/Sept/2001)

TC-Ref:CN1-C1

C-Ref No:C201H M L

Airbags, which rapidly inflate in the event of a collision and absorb the impact of driver/passenger bodies impacting on the inside of the vehicle, are now required to be fitted to light vehicles used in PDO operations. This applies to vehicles registered after 1st September 2001 (SP-2000 Section 3.2 para. xxv)




Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Fire extinguisher in each vehicle

TC-Ref:CN1-C2

C-Ref No:CH M L

All vehicles used in PDO are required to be fitted with a fully serviceable fire extinguisher. See SP-2000 Section 3 ‘Vehicles’ for exact requirements.






Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: First Aid Kit in each Vehicle

TC-Ref:CN1-C3

C-Ref No:C203H M L

All vehicles used in PDO are required to be fitted with a fully stocked First Aid Kit. See SP-2000 Section 3 ‘Vehicles’ for exact requirements.




Impact on Threat Control: First Aid Training for all professional drivers

TC-Ref:CN1-C4

C-Ref No:C204H M L

All professional drivers will undergo a half-day Emergency Response/Resuscitation Course in order that they may intervene to preserve life in the event of an emergency.




Impact on Threat Control: Emergency Response Plans PDO TC-Ref:CN1-C5

C-Ref No:C205H M L

PDO has well-rehearsed emergency response plans which include response to incidents involving road traffic accidents. Emergency Response starts via the Safe Journey Management procedures and escalates to corporate level.




Impact on Threat Control: Emergency Response Plans Government

TC-Ref:CN1-C6

C-Ref No:C206H M L

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Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Cargo net/rack separating luggage from passengers

TC-Ref:CN1-C7

C-Ref No:C207H M L

All light vehicles used in PDO operations must be fitted with a cargo net to prevent injuries to passengers arising from flying objects – the net secures cargo in the luggage compartment of the vehicle. NOTE: All cargo should be stowed in the luggage compartment of the vehicle, not carried in the passenger cabin. The requirement is contained in SP-2000 Section 3.2 para xx.




Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Rollover bars in all LV's TC-Ref:CN1-C8

C-Ref No:C208H M L

All light vehicles used on graded roads must be fitted with a rollover protection device The exact specification for this fitting is given in SP-2000 Appendix I ‘Rollover Protection Devices’




Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: All vehicle occupants to wear seatbelts

TC-Ref:CN1-C9

C-Ref No:C35H M L

Data gathered from road traffic accidents has shown conclusively that seat belts save lives. It is therefore an absolute requirement in PDO for all vehicle occupants to wear a seat belt at all times. It is also a legal requirement in Oman enforceable by the ROP.






Impact on Threat Control: Fuel containers purpose built, metallic, red, carried outside vehicle, grounded

TC-Ref:CN1-C10

C-Ref No:C200H M L

In order to reduce the risk of fire from fuel all extra fuel containers carried on vehicles should be purpose built (i.e. proprietary fuel containers – not ad hoc receptacles e.g. used drinks containers etc), coloured red so that they are easily identified, carried outside the vehicle and grounded to prevent fire/explosion from electrical discharge.







Consequence 2 –Third Party fatality/LTI


2 Conse-quence

6.2 Third party fatality/LTI

H C209: SP-2000: No bull bar allowed (SP-2000)




C204: First Aid Training by all professional drivers




H CONSEQUENCE 2:


Injuries, sometimes fatal, do arise from road traffic accidents involving PDO vehicles. The following controls are intended to reduce/mitigate injury to third parties, including pedestrians.

Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: No bull bars allowed TC-Ref:CN2-C1

C-Ref No:C209H M L

‘Bull bars’ are usually a cosmetic fixture on the front of a vehicle, which, as research has shown seriously increase the severity of injury to pedestrians in the event of an incident. For this reason bull bars are not permitted on any vehicle used in PDO operations. SP-2000 Section 3 refers. NOTE: This includes bull bars fitted by the vehicle manufacturer




Impact on Threat Control: Emergency Response Plans PDO TC-Ref:CN2-C2

C-Ref No:C205H M L

PDO has well-rehearsed emergency response plans which include response to incidents involving road traffic accidents. Emergency Response starts via the Safe Journey Management procedures and escalates to corporate level.




Impact on Threat Control: Emergency Response Plans Government

TC-Ref:CN2-C2

C-Ref No:C206H M L

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Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: First Aid Kit in each Vehicle

TC-Ref:CN2-C3

C-Ref No:C203H M L

All vehicles used in PDO are required to be fitted with a fully stocked First Aid Kit. See SP-2000 Section 3 ‘Vehicles’ for exact requirements.



Assessment Corporate: Assessment Local: All professional drivers will undergo a half day Emergency Response/Resuscitation Course in order that they may intervene to preserve life in the event of an emergency.

Impact on Threat Control: First Aid Training for all professional drivers

TC-Ref:CN2-C4

C-Ref No:C204H M L

All professional drivers will undergo a half-day Emergency Response/Resuscitation Course in order that they may intervene to preserve life in the event of an emergency.




Impact on Threat Control: SP-2000: Fire extinguisher in each vehicle

TC-Ref:CN2-C5

C-Ref No:C202H M L

All vehicles used in PDO are required to be fitted with a fully serviceable fire extinguisher. See SP-2000 Section 3 ‘Vehicles’ for exact requirements.







Other Hazards not leading to RTA: Consequence OH-1 – Load securing means: working at height, chains, cheater bars, load binders



Load securing means: working at height, chains, cheater bars, load binders

M C91: SP-2001: COP for loading vehicles and securing loads


C303: HazChem signs placarding, shoc cards (SP-XXX)

C302: Handrails and ladders fitted to tankers for safe access



M CONSEQUENCE OH-1:

Load securing means: working at height, chains, cheater bars, load binders

Some hazards, mainly concerned with vehicle loading or with vehicle loads do not lead directly to road traffic accidents. They can however lead to incidents involving securing the load or spills etc.


TC-Ref:COH1-C1

C-Ref No:C91H M L

SP-2001 sets out the precautions required to ensure loads are safe and secured on the vehicle. NOTE: Not yet available.





TC-Ref:COH1-C2

C-Ref No:C92H M L





Impact on Threat Control: HazChem signs placarding, shoc cards (SP-XXX)

TC-Ref:COH1-C3

C-Ref No:C303H M L

Vehicles carrying chemicals must display the correct ‘HazChem’ signs and the driver be provided with appropriate SHOC Cards.






Impact on Threat Control: Handrails and ladders fitted to tankers for safe access

TC-Ref:COH1-C4

C-Ref No:C302H M L

Drivers and Supervisors need to access trailers and cargo beds of vehicles in order to check and secure loads. They must have safe access/egress to and from the vehicle and therefore ladders and guardrails must be fitted as appropriate.



