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Roadmap for BEE Window Labelling Program in India Centre for Advanced Research in Building Science and Energy, CEPT University, Ahmedabad 380009

Roadmap for Window Labelling Program in India


Table of Contents

About Centre for Advanced Research in Building Science and Energy (CARBSE), CEPT University .................... 4

1. Background ............................................................................................................................................ 5

1.1. Context of Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) ..................................................................... 5

1.2. Context of Other Standards and Labelling program ........................................................................... 5

1.3. BEE’s Objectives on 12th Five Year Plan .......................................................................................... 6

1.4. Importance of Window Labelling Program ........................................................................................ 6

2. Objectives of BEE Window Labelling Program .......................................................................................... 8

2.1. Key Objectives of BEE window labelling program: ............................................................................ 8

3. BEE Window Labelling Program Approach ............................................................................................... 9

3.1. Labelling Options ............................................................................................................................ 9

3.2. STAR Label ..................................................................................................................................... 9

3.3. Endorsement Label (Recommended) ............................................................................................. 10

4. Performance parameters for Windows Labelling program ....................................................................... 11

4.1. Window Performance Parameters .................................................................................................. 11

4.2. Recommended Window performance Parameters for BEE Window Labelling Program: ................... 11

4.3. ECBC Prescribed Values for Fenestration: ...................................................................................... 12

5. Testing Standards (ISO-ASTM-EN –DIN) and Procedures (NFRC): .......................................................... 14

5.1. Testing Standards for Window Performance Parameters ................................................................ 14

5.2. Recommended Testing Standards for BEE Window Labelling program: ........................................... 15

6. Technical Lab Test Facility Requirements ............................................................................................... 16

6.1. Physical Test Facilities: ................................................................................................................. 16

6.2. Simulation Capabilities: ................................................................................................................. 16

7. Administration of BEE Window Labelling program .................................................................................. 17

7.1. Labelling and Administration Process: ........................................................................................... 17

7.2. Roles and Responsibilities: ............................................................................................................ 18

8. Barriers and Gaps ................................................................................................................................. 21

8.1. Barriers and Gaps ......................................................................................................................... 21

8.2. Mechanism to Overcome Barriers and Gaps ................................................................................... 21

8.3. Long-term Plan to Reduce and Eliminate Gaps ............................................................................... 22


9. Future course and Suggested Timeline to Launch Program ..................................................................... 23

9.1. Finalisation of Program Structure ................................................................................................... 23

9.2. Development of Detailed Procedures .............................................................................................. 23

9.3. Development of Consensus among Stakeholders ........................................................................... 23

9.4. Identification of Administration Agency .......................................................................................... 23

9.5. Identification, Development and Recognition of Testing Facilities .................................................... 23

9.6. Launch of BEE Window Labelling Program ..................................................................................... 23

Annexure

a) International Practices b) Performance Review of Existing Windows in the Market c) Simulation Inputs and Outputs


About Centre for Advanced Research in Building Science and Energy (CARBSE), CEPT University

Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology (CEPT) was established in year 1962 with the aim of imparting training in the multi-disciplinary field of built environment, offering various undergraduate, post graduate and doctoral programs. CEPT has also been accorded the status of Scientific & Industrial Research Organization by Ministry of Science and Technology, Department of Scientific & Industrial Research, Govt. of India. In 2005, Centre for Environmental Planning & Technology was given a status of University. Presently, CEPT University has four undergraduate programs, nineteen post graduate programs and doctoral program in field of building environment design, technology, planning, management and arts. CEPT University also has a continuing education program for in-service professionals.

Besides offering education in varied streams, CEPT University has established centres for research and development. These centres interact with industry, government organisations and public at large to generate and disseminate knowledge pertaining to building habitat. One of such centre is “Centre for Advanced Research in Building Science and Energy”.

Centre for Advanced Research in Building Science and Energy (CARBSE) aims at providing an impetus for research in energy efficiency in built environment & energy – resource management at large. Its objective is to carry out in depth research in the fields of energy efficient buildings design, energy efficient building construction process, environment friendly construction materials and resource audit & management. CARBSE has built a capacity to carryout component and whole building energy analysis through simulation program. It offers training program for energy simulation and also conduct research using these. CARBSE has established a building energy performance testing laboratory to test building material for its thermo physical and optical properties as well as to generate robust database of building materials available in India. Establishment of laboratory has met one of the objectives of CARBSE to provide support for uniform implementation of Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC), developed by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE), in building sector in India and to assist Indian industry in establishing key testing facilities to carry out fair and accurate measurements of building product performance.

CARBSE has received status of Regional Energy Efficiency Centre by USAID and Centre for Excellence by Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Govt of India. In recent past, this centre has worked with Bureau of Energy Efficiency, India, U.S. Department of Energy, USAID on ECOIII Project, National Fenestration Rating Council of USA, Shakti Sustainable Energy Foundation, Alliance to Save Energy on Asia Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate, Gujarat Energy Development Agency, India Green Building Council, and The Energy Research Institute and Glazing Society of India.


1. Background

1.1. Context of Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) Development of The Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) was initiated by Ministry of

Power (MOP), Government of India to combat fast rising energy demand of building sector and to promote energy efficiency in the buildings in India.

ECBC was launched in May 2007 as a voluntary code which will be gradually adopted and enforced by individual states. Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) is already getting implemented at various state levels in India.

ECBC lists minimum energy performance requirements for building envelope components (including fenestration components) and systems throughout the country.

ECBC being a technical document, Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) are struggling to find method to verify compliance of building components and to enforce the code at local level.

It is recognized that the presence of certain kind of energy efficiency endorsement of building components such as fenestration, wall and roof will help in implementation of ECBC.

Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) is a key nodal agency set up by government of India that advises the government on energy-efficiency policy, support ECBC compliance as well as promotes energy-efficiency throughout the nation.

1.2. Context of Other Standards and Labelling program 1.2.1. Existing Programs

BEE currently runs the following component labelling programs in the country: Air Conditioning Labelling Program: Air conditioning labelling program prescribes the

minimum efficiency standards and rates the energy-efficiency performance of air conditioner products between one to five stars based on the achieved efficiency under standard test conditions. Higher stars indicate better energy-efficiency and lower energy usage to deliver the same cooling requirements. BEE periodically reviews the prescribed requirements and increases the minimum efficiency standards to raise the qualification bar.

Building Labelling Program: Building labelling program prescribes the minimum rates the energy-efficiency performance of buildings based on energy performance index (EPI) achieved by the buildings. Higher stars indicate better energy-efficiency and lower energy usage of the buildings.

The Star labelling programs of Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) for appliances and buildings have generated enough market momentum to operate building with energy efficiency (EE) as a key reference.

The following international window labelling programs have been studied for the development of roadmap (see annexure for details):

National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) labelling in USA Australian Fenestration Rating Council (AFRC) labelling in Australia British Fenestration Rating Council (BFRC) labelling in Great Britain China Fenestration Energy Efficiency Performance Labelling in China South African Fenestration Insulation Energy Rating Association in South Africa


National Standards Authority of Ireland (NSAI) in Ireland 1.2.2. Proposed New Programs

BEE Window Labelling Program BEE also has recognized importance of performance of window products and has

started preliminary work for Window Labelling program as a priority area. BEE has already constituted Window Labeling technical (WLP) committee which was

the outcome of First Stakeholders meeting conducted in mid 2010. This technical committee is looking at various aspects of rolling out the Window

labeling program and has met thrice to discuss Window Labeling program with more focus.

It is expected that the development of this roadmap will provide momentum to the efforts put in by BEE and will provide guidance on the design of the window labelling program.

The following international window labelling program has been in proposal stage and has been studied for the development of roadmap (see annexure for details):

Jordan Fenestration Rating Council (JFRC) in Jordan

1.3. BEE’s Objectives on 12th Five Year Plan 12th five year plan of India recognised the high growth requirements of building sector of India

and did set very aggressive energy-efficiency goals for building sector in the plan. As one of the key objectives for BEE, 12th five year plan aims to make 50% new commercial

buildings in India compliant with ECBC by 2017. This is a very aggressive goal for ECBC code compliance and good envelope component

programs such as window labelling program will play a key role in increasing compliance with ECBC throughout the nation.

1.4. Importance of Window Labelling Program 1.4.1. Phase one – Window Labelling

It is well established fact that Window thermal and visual light performance can drastically change energy performance of building.

In recent times, window manufacturing industry has also changed in India. Window manufacturing has started becoming important business and the manufacturers, in turn, have started becoming more organized.

Presently, window manufacturing is primarily dominated by unorganized sector. Large projects which may get covered under ECBC also rely on local contractors to supply and install windows. Window frame material manufactures and glass manufacturers are organized but window frame construction and assembly is highly unorganized sector. However, window glass processors who are engaged in insulated glass unit manufacturing are reasonably organized.

To develop EE building regime, the industry will need window and fenestration manufacturing units, suppliers and consumers who recognizes importance of EE windows and fenestration.


Glazing society of India, Fenestration council of India, and UPVC material manufacturing association are few organizations who have attempted to bring awareness into the market. However, most of these efforts are sporadic.

Therefore, it is vital to bring all stakeholders to a platform which can help to integrate process of energy efficient window delivery in market. The window labelling program will create market demand for energy efficient products and will also help enforcement agencies at ULB level to seek BEE endorsed product during verification.

1.4.2. Phase two – Façade performance Similar to window labelling program, it is recognized that the presence of certain kind of

energy efficiency endorsement of building components such as fenestration, wall and roof will help in implementation of ECBC.

The development and administration of facade performance programs are more challenging compares to standard appliance and labelling programs.

Fewer successful international programs have been established to label facade performance and so would need to spend more technical efforts to develop the technical requirements for the program.


2. Objectives of BEE Window Labelling Program

2.1. Key Objectives of BEE window labelling program: The following are the main objectives of BEE window labelling program To generate market momentum throughout the country for energy-efficient window products that

can reduce energy requirements for the future. To develop supporting window program that will assist in compliance of ECBC code in the nation. To develop window component testing facilities that can recognize, test and certify energy-

efficient window products. To create awareness in consumers as well as designers for use of energy-efficient window

products and provide market differentiations to the energy-efficient window manufacturers.


3. BEE Window Labelling Program Approach

3.1. Labelling Options Based on review of international window labeling programs and discussions with stakeholders, the following two labeling approaches were mainly considered for BEE Window Labeling Program: STAR Label Endorsement Label

3.2. STAR Label

STAR Label Approach

Using the STAR Label for the program would align the window labeling program with other BEE component labelling programs.

The use of STAR label would demonstrate the difference in performance amongst the recognized products and would even create further differentiation to top most products.

In this case, the performance of the window will be calculated based on the reference residential or commercial building depending on the intended use.

The performance will be calculated mainly on three parameters U-factor, Solar Heat Gain Co-efficient (SHGC) and Visual Light Transmittance (VLT) of the window.

Unlike some other building components (such as air conditioning efficiency), the performance of window is also dependent on the location of the window use. For example, U-factor is very important parameters in cold climate but SHGC is considered critical parameter for hot climates. This adds more complexity in the labelling program and certifications as the location or climate zone specific references and performances may need to be incorporate in the window label.

Since the performance of the window include various independent parameters, a new technical parameter to demonstrate overall performance will need to be developed by scientists that can evaluate the performance of the window.

Because of the added complications in technical and labelling requirements, the STAR label is not recommended in first generation of window labelling program.

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4.1. Window Performance Parameters 4.1.1. Window U-Factor:

Window U-factor measures how well a product resists (through conduction) outside heat from coming inside the building space. The lower the U-factor means more resistance to heat from transmitting inside which is particularly important during summer season. In most of the international window labelling programmes, this is specified for whole window and is a mandatory measure with a maximum allowable value.

4.1.2. Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC), Shading Co-efficient (SC) or Solar Factor (G-value): Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC), Shading Co-efficient (SC) or Solar Factor (G-value)

defines how well the window blocks the sun rays from coming inside the building space. This is an important property of window performance where the lower value provides better blockage to the sun ray reducing heat gains from building. In most of the international window labelling programmes, this is specified for whole window and is a mandatory measure with a maximum allowable value.

4.1.3. Visible Light Transmittance (VLT): The visible light transmittance (VLT) is an optical property of the window that indicates the

amount of visible light transmitted through the window for a standard outdoor condition. In most of the international window labelling programmes, VLT rating is provided for whole window which includes the impact of the frame that does not transmit any visible light.

4.1.4. Air Leakage (AL): Air leakage (AL) through window defines heat loss and gain occurred by infiltration through

cracks in the window assembly. In most of the international window labelling programmes, this is an optional performance parameter that window manufacturer can decide to add in the label.

4.1.5. Condensation Resistance (CR): Condensation Resistance (CR) of a window measures how well the window resists water

build-up on the outside. Condensation Resistance (CR) is scored on a scale from 0 to 100 where the higher the condensation resistance factor, the less build-up the window allows. In most of the international window labelling programmes, this is an optional performance parameter that window manufacturer can decide to add in the label.

4.1.6. Fabric Fading Transmittance: Fabric Fading Transmittance of a window is a measure of the extent to which a window

transmits those wavelengths of light that cause fading.

4.2. Recommended Window performance Parameters for BEE Window Labelling Program: Based on review of international window labelling programs and discussions with

stakeholders, the following parameters are recommended for BEE Window Labelling Program:

Performance Parameters Measure Type Qualification Criteria U-factor Mandatory Compliance with ECBC SHGC Mandatory Compliance with ECBC


VLT Mandatory Compliance with ECBC Air Leakage Mandatory Compliance with ECBC

The ECBC prescribed values will be the minimum qualification criteria for the above

parameters. The alignment of window labelling program with ECBC will maximize the efforts of both the programs and will increase compliance of the building code throughout the country.

4.3. ECBC Prescribed Values for Fenestration: 4.3.1. U-Factor:

ECBC specifies that the U-factor shall be determined for the overall fenestration product as per ISO- 15099, by an accredited independent laboratory, and labelled and certified by the manufactured or other responsible party.

Vertical Fenestration should meet the maximum area-weighted U-factor in the table below: Climate Zone Max U Composite 3.30 Hot & Dry 3.30

Warm & Humid 3.30Moderate 6.90

Cold 3.30

U-Factor for sloped glazing and skylights shall be determined at a slope of 20 degrees above the horizontal.

4.3.2. SHGC: ECBC specifies that the U-factor shall be determined for the overall fenestration product as

per ISO- 15099, by an accredited independent laboratory, and labelled and certified by the manufactured or other responsible party.

Vertical Fenestration should meet the maximum area-weighted SHGC-factor in the table below:

WWR < 40% 40% < WWR < 60% Climate Zone Max SHGC Max SHGC Composite 0.25 0.20 Hot & Dry 0.25 0.20

Warm & Humid 0.25 0.20 Moderate 0.40 0.30

Cold 0.51 0.51

Shading co-efficient (SC) of the center glass alone multiplied BY 0.86 is an acceptable alternate for compliance with the SHGC requirement for the overall fenestration area.

Solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) of the glass alone is an acceptable alternate for compliance with the SHGC requirement for the overall fenestration product.

Overhangs and /or side fins may be applied in determining the SHGC for the proposed design. An adjusted SHGC accounting for overhangs and for side fins is calculated by multiplying the SHGC of the unshaded fenestration product times a multiplication (M)


factor. If this exception is applied a separate M factor shall be determined for each orientation and unique shading condition by using equation given in ECBC.

4.3.3. VLT: Vertical fenestration product shall have the minimum visual light transmittance (VLT) as per

table below, defined as function of window wall ratio (WWR), where effective aperture 0.1, equal to or greater than the minimum VLT requirement.

Window Wall Ratio Minimum VLT 0.00 – 0.3 0.27 0.31 – 0.4 0.240.41 – 0.5 0.160.51 – 0.6 0.13

4.3.4. Air Leakage: Air leakage for glazed swinging entrance doors and revolving doors shall not exceed 5.0

l/s-m². Air leakage for other fenestration and door shall not exceed 2.0 l/s-m².


5. Testing Standards (ISO-ASTM-EN –DIN) and Procedures (NFRC):

5.1. Testing Standards for Window Performance Parameters 5.1.1. Window U-Factor:

ISO 15099 specifies detailed calculation procedures for determining the thermal and optical transmission properties (e.g., thermal transmittance, total solar energy transmittance) of window and door systems based on the most up-to-date algorithms and methods, and the relevant solar and thermal properties of all components

ASTM C1199-00 is a Standard Test Method for Measuring the Steady-State Thermal Transmittance of Fenestration Systems Using Hot Box Methods

BS EN ISO 10077-2 explains procedures for Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters, calculation of thermal transmittance and numerical method for frames.

NFRC 100 is a procedure for Determining Fenestration Product U-factors 5.1.2. Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC):

ISO 15099 is Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product Solar Heat Gain Coefficient and Visible Transmittance at Normal Incidence (NFRC 200)

NFRC 201 is an Interim Standard Test Method for Measuring the Solar Heat Gain Coefficient of Fenestration Systems Using Calorimeter Hot Box Methods (NFRC 201)

European EN 832 standard was primarily designed for use in judging compliance with regulations expressed in terms of energy targets; it was also intended for use in comparing the energy performance of various design alternatives for a planned building, or for assessing the effect of possible energy conservation measures on an existing building.

5.1.3. Visible Light Transmittance (VLT): ISO – 15099 specifies detailed calculation procedures for determining the thermal and

optical transmission properties (e.g., thermal transmittance, total solar energy transmittance) of window and door systems based on the most up-to-date algorithms and methods, and the relevant solar and thermal properties of all components.

NFRC 200 is a Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product Solar Heat Gain Coefficient and Visible Transmittance at Normal Incidence

5.1.4. Air Leakage (AL): ASTM E 283 [1] is a standard procedure for determining the air leakage characteristics

under specified air pressure differences at ambient conditions. AS 2047specifies requirements, materials, construction, installation and glazing for

windows, sliding glazed doors, adjustable louvers, shop fronts and window walls with one-piece framing elements.

BS 6375, Part 1 (EN 42) “Performance of windows: Classification for weather tightness" is the basis for assessing the weather tightness of windows up to a maximum frame size of 3 meters and provides a means of selecting a performance level against which the window may be assessed. This standard also includes guidance on the selection and specification of windows. The test methods called up by BS 6375 to measure weather performance are the various parts of BS 5368. This standard can be applied to windows manufactured from any material.


JG/T 192-2006 is a Test method for repeated opening and closing performance of windows and doors.

NFRC 400 is a Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product Air Leakage 5.1.5. Condensation Resistance (CR):

ASTM C1199 covers requirements and guidelines and specifies calibration procedures required for the measurement of the steady-state thermal transmittance of fenestration systems installed vertically in the test chamber. This test method specifies the necessary measurements to be made using measurement systems conforming to Test Method C 1363 for determination of fenestration system thermal transmittance.

ASTM E1423 is a Standard Practice for Determining Steady State Thermal Transmittance of Fenestration Systems.

NFRC 500 is a Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product Condensation Index Values

5.1.6. Fabric Fading Transmittance: AS 2047–1999 specifies requirements, materials, construction, installation and glazing for

windows, sliding glazed doors, adjustable louvers, shop fronts and window walls with one-piece framing elements.

AS 1288–1994 sets out procedures for the selection and installation of glass in buildings, subject to wind loading, human impact, and special applications such as overhead glazing, balustrades and glass assemblies. (AS 1288-1994).

5.2. Recommended Testing Standards for BEE Window Labelling program: Based on review of international window labeling programs and discussions with

stakeholders, the following parameters are recommended for BEE Window Labelling Program: Performance Parameters Standards Qualification Criteria

U-factor ISO 15099 Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product Solar Heat Gain Coefficient and

Visible Transmittance at Normal Incidence

SHGC ISO 15099VLT ISO 15099

Air Leakage ISO 15099


6. Technical Lab Test Facility Requirements

6.1. Physical Test Facilities: Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrophotometer: An infrared spectrophotometer is an

instrument that uses fourier transform algorithm to accurately obtain spectral data of a material such as glass. FTIR spectrophotometer has much better accuracy compared to traditional spectrophotometers and uses interferogram for greater signal-to-noise ratio, high resolution, higher throughput, and a short wavelength limit.

Guarded Hot Box Solar Calorimeter: Solar Calorimeter is a scientific equipment to characterize fenestration assemblies for their actual solar heat gain performance. This equipment consists of two major components – Heliostat and Hot Box. Heliostat tracks sun and redirects solar radiation on the testing window while the Hot Box holds the window sample and creates controlled environmental condition to accurately measure window performance.

6.2. Simulation Capabilities: WINDOW: WINDOW is a publicly available computer program for calculating total window

thermal performance indices (i.e. U-values, solar heat gain coefficients, shading coefficients, and visible transmittances). WINDOW provides a versatile heat transfer analysis method consistent with the updated rating procedure and that is consistent with the ISO 15099 standard.

THERM: THERM is a state-of-the-art, Microsoft Windows™-based computer program for use by building component heat transfer. One can model two-dimensional heat-transfer effects in building components such as windows, walls, foundations, roofs, and doors; appliances; and other products where thermal bridges are of concern.

OPTICS: Optics allows the user to view and modify glazing data. Properties of a series of structures can be generated from those of a base structure.

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program committee will develop recommended charges for simulation and physical testing to establish and maintain testing standards of the accredited labs.

7.1.3. Step 3: Testing lab sends simulation and physical test reports to window manufacturer and administrative agency

Testing lab will send the simulation and physical test reports of representative samples to the window manufacturer.

Testing lab will also send the simulation and physical test reports of representative samples to the window labelling program administrative agency.

The format of test results and the minimum information provided will be guided by the testing standards as well as additional technical documentation by window labelling program committee. The report will also mention whether the simulation results and physical test results are in alignment and their difference meet the minimum technical standards.

7.1.4. Step 4: Window Labelling Program Administrative Agency sends approval to Window manufacturer:

Based on report from accredited testing facility, window labelling program agency will provide approval letter to window manufacturer for the use of window certification logo for the product.

The approval will be provided for a certain product group and will need to be obtained separately by window manufacturer for each product group.

The approval of the use of certification will be provided for certain time period and the product will need to be re-evaluated after the time period expires.

The window manufacturer will need to sign agreement with window labelling program administrative agency that will also provide guidance on appropriate methods of use of certification and format of certification logo.

The charges for certification of the product group will be borne by window manufacturer and will be paid directly to the window labelling program administrative agency.

Periodically, the window labelling program website will update the list of certified products on their website.

7.1.5. Step 5: Window labelling program committee conducts quality assurance checks on Administrative Agency, Product Site and Testing Labs:

Window labelling program committee will periodically conduct quality assurance check on the administrative agencies.

Window labelling program committee will also perform inter-laboratory comparisons of test samples of the certain product samples to verify the results provided by testing labs.

Window Labelling Program Committee will also conduct random site checks for quality assurance of the certified products and the use of logo.

7.2. Roles and Responsibilities: 7.2.1. Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)

BEE will establish the window labelling program committee that will be responsible for the establishment, supervision and operation of window labelling program.


BEE will also recognise the testing facilities technical labs based on recommendation of window labelling program committee.

BEE will develop awareness of the program in consumers as well as designers. BEE will also promote the use of window labelling program certified products that will

provide market differentiations to the participating window manufacturers. 7.2.2. Window Labelling Program Committee:

Window labelling program committee will be responsible for the establishment, supervision and operation of window labelling program.

Window labelling program committee will establish window labelling program administrative agency that will be responsible for the daily operation of the window labelling program.

The window labelling program committee will be also responsible for maintaining and updating technical requirements of the program. These responsibilities include qualification requirements of testing facilities, verification of standards of testing in the program, the acceptance of new testing standards.

Window labelling program committee will be also responsible to maintain high standards of the program by conducting quality assurance on administration agency and site checks. The committee may also perform inter-laboratory comparisons of test samples of to maintain standards of testing labs.

Window labelling program will be responsible to develop future direction of the program and to provide guidance to technical facilities test labs, BEE as well as the administration agency when required.

7.2.3. Window Labelling Program Administrative Agency: Window labelling program administrative agency will be responsible for daily operation of

the window labelling program. The administration agency will review the test reports and provide approval letter to window

manufacturer for the use of window certification logo for the product. The administration agency will also educate the window manufacturer on appropriate use

of product logo and will obtain agreements from the window manufacturers. The administration agency will be responsible in maintaining list of accredited testing

facilities and certified product groups on the program websites. The administration agency will maintain internal database of test lab reports, products

tested and the approval dates for the use of logo. 7.2.4. Testing Facilities Technical Labs:

Testing facilities technical labs will be responsible to perform simulation and physical tests of window samples based on accepted testing standards by window labelling program committee.

Testing lab will be responsible to send the simulation and physical test reports in appropriate format to window manufacturer and window labelling program administrative agency.

Testing facilities technical labs will be responsible to maintain current certification from National Accreditation Board for Laboratories (NABL).


Testing facilities technical labs will be responsible to maintain calibrated test equipments and qualified scientists as required by window labelling program committee.

Testing facilities will be also involved in inter-laboratory comparisons and round-robin testing as needed by window labelling committee. Testing facilities will be also involved in further improvements of technical standards of the window labelling program.

7.2.5. Window Manufacturers: Window manufacturers will be responsible to provide necessary information to testing lab

technical facilities for the simulation and physical testing. Window manufacturers will be responsible to access to project and manufacturing sites for

random testing by window labelling program committee. Window manufacturers will sign agreements with the administration agency and will need

to ensure proper use of certification logo. Window manufacturers will bear the cost of testing and certification process.


8. Barriers and Gaps

8.1. Barriers and Gaps 8.1.1. Lack of Testing Facilities and Expertise in the country

The technical lab testing facilities with excellent simulation and physical test facilities will be the key component for the success of window labelling program.

Two of the prime reasons for the lack of testing facilities throughout country are prohibitive costs involved with procurement and maintenance of the equipments as well as lack of knowledge of testing standards and protocols.

Currently, only one known established testing facility with NABL accreditation have equipments and software necessary to provide simulation as well as physical test results for BEE window labelling program.

8.1.2. Lack of Awareness for Energy-efficient Window Products and Performance Parameters The consumers and designers have very limited understanding of the window performance

parameters and the implications of the same on energy use of the building. There is also a lack of easily available resources for consumers to compare the window

performance information. 8.1.3. Unorganized Window Manufacturing Sector

Window manufacturing sector is currently unorganized sector where even large projects rely on local suppliers to procure and provide windows with better window performance.

Due to the unorganized nature of the industry, the frame manufacturers, glass manufacturers, window assembler, and window supplier have very few (if any) forums to develop consensus, standards and to share knowledge.

8.1.4. Poor Quality of Window Installations Similar to window manufacturing units, the window installation is also unorganized sector

where mostly persons with almost no understanding of the window performance parameters install the windows.

Because of the lack of knowledge, the installer often leaves air gaps at the time of window installation causing increased loss of heat to the surrounding air.

8.1.5. Lack of Radiation Database for Indian Cities Accurate information of horizontal and vertical radiation values at different time during the

year for Indian cities is very critical information for proper design and selection of the window products and performance parameters.

While the radiation information is available for major cities in India, the reliability of the current radiation data is questionable.

8.2. Mechanism to Overcome Barriers and Gaps 8.2.1. Development of a forum to share knowledge between window testing facilities

A forum to share knowledge of available testing standards and protocols as well as experiences with the equipments can quickly assist in building expertise in the area.

Education seminars by testing and simulation experts can also assist in building knowledge of the labs and facilities personnel.

8.2.2. Development of an online product database with tested window performance parameters


Online database with window performance parameters provides easy access to consumers to determine the most energy-efficient and suitable products for use. Development of such database for the fenestration products can increase awareness of the available energy-efficiency products in the market.

8.2.3. Support forums that can bring window manufacturers to installer on the same platform Forums that can help bring the frame manufacturers, glass manufacturers, window

assembler, window supplier and window installer to same platform can help develop consensus of energy-efficiency standards in the country.

These forums can also provide platform for sharing knowledge and to educate window community on the benefits of window labelling program.

8.2.4. Create awareness of the window performance parameters in consumers and designers Creating awareness of window performance parameters and their impact on energy

performance in consumers and designers can provide market differentiations to the participating window manufacturers.

8.3. Long-term Plan to Reduce and Eliminate Gaps 8.3.1. Adapt Existing Testing Standards for Indian Conditions

The existing testing standards are focused towards moderate to cold climates and would need to be adapted or modified to predict performance of windows in Indian Climatic Conditions.

8.3.2. Development of Online Tools for Fenestration Selection Easy online resources should be developed in long-term that can assist designers and

consumers in selection and procurement of cost-effective and energy-efficiency products for the location.

The online tools should also demonstrate initial cost, operational costs and life-cycle cost of the window products so the consumers can determine the benefits of using energy-efficiency products.

8.3.3. Develop Affordable Test Equipments and Technologies Innovation should be used to develop affordable test equipment and technologies for India

that can increase the number of test facilities in the nation. On-site testing tools can also assist in verifying compliance with the codes and in

improving market penetration of energy-efficiency window products. 8.3.4. Sky Models and Radiation Database for Indian Cities

Accurate radiation database should be prepared for many cities in India that can assist in design and selection of accurate window products for the cities.

Sky models can also be used in estimating the radiation in the various cities.


9. Future course and Suggested Timeline to Launch Program

9.1. Finalisation of Program Structure The developed roadmap will be presented to window labelling program committee in the

next meeting. Several follow-up meetings should be conducted by the window labelling program

committee to brainstorm to finalize the technical requirements, program structure, and administrative structure to initiate the program planning.

Recommended Timeline: April 2013

9.2. Development of Detailed Procedures The program documentations should be prepared based on final program design that will

detail out administrative process, qualification criteria, and technical requirements. The roles and responsibilities of each participating members should also be discussed with

them to ensure smooth functioning at the start of the program. Recommended Timeline: June 2013

9.3. Development of Consensus among Stakeholders The finalized program structure and process should be presented to the stakeholders for

consensus on window labelling program layout. As part of development of roadmap, CEPT has already conducted two stakeholder

meetings and one conference call to allow them to participate in the program design. Recommended Timeline: October 2013

9.4. Identification of Administration Agency The suitable administration agency should be identified Recommended Timeline: October 2013

9.5. Identification, Development and Recognition of Testing Facilities The potential locations for the testing site should be identified as soon as possible as the

infrastructure development and capacity development at these facilities will require significant effort for the program.

The knowledge and equipment gaps should be identified at these facilities and the technical experts should guide the establishment of these facilities.

These facilities would need to get approval from NABL on their operation before obtaining recognition from BEE as certified test facilities.

Recommended Timeline: December 2013

9.6. Launch of BEE Window Labelling Program The window labelling program should be launched as soon as possible to create market

demand for energy efficient window products and to help enforcement agencies check BEE endorsed product during verification.

Recommended Timeline: December 2013

1 | P a g e Annexure A: Window Labeling Program for India Centre for Advanced Research in Building Science and Energy, CEPT University, Ahmedabad 38009

International Practice Document Window Labelling Program for India


National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC):

The National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) is an independent organization that establishes testing procedures for

windows and window attachment products. It is comprised of manufacturers, government bodies, academic institutions,

and consumer groups with an interest in window performance testing.

The National Fenestration Rating Council, Incorporated ("NFRC") has developed and operates a uniform rating system for

energy and energy-related performance of fenestration products. The Rating System determines the U-factor, Solar Heat

Gain Coefficient (SHGC), and Visible Transmittance (VT) of a product, which are mandatory ratings for labeling NFRC

certified products and are mandatory ratings for inclusion on label certificates, and are supplemented by procedures for

voluntary ratings of products for Air Leakage (AL), and Condensation Resistance. Together, these rating procedures, as set

forth in documents published by NFRC, are known as the NFRC Rating System.

The Rating System employs computer simulation and physical testing by NFRC-accredited laboratories to establish energy

and related performance ratings for fenestration product types. The Rating System is reinforced by a certification program

under which NFRC licensed responsible parties claiming NFRC product certification shall label and certify fenestration

products to indicate those energy and related performance ratings, provided the ratings are authorized for certification by an

NFRC-licensed certification and Inspection Agency (IA).

In order to participate in the Certification Programs, a manufacturer / responsible party shall rate a product whose energy

and energy-related performance characteristics are to be certified in accordance with mandatory NFRC rating procedures.

At present, a manufacturer/responsible party may elect to rate products for U-factor, SHGC, VT, Air Leakage, Condensation

Resistance, or any other procedure adopted by NFRC, and to include those ratings on the NFRC temporary label affixed to

its products, or on the NFRC .Label Certificate. U-factor, SHGC and VT, AL, and Condensation Resistance rating reports

shall be obtained from a laboratory, which has been accredited by NFRC in accordance with the requirements of the NFRC

701

The rating shall then be reviewed by an IA which has been licensed by NFRC in accordance with the requirements of the

NFRC 702. NFRC-licensed IAs also review label format and content, conduct in-plant inspections for quality assurance in

accordance with the requirements of the NFRC 702, and issue a product Certification Authorization Report (CAR), or

approve for issuance an NFRC Label Certificate for site-built or CMA products and attachment products. The IA is also

responsible for the investigation of potential violations (prohibited activities) as set forth in the NFRC 707 Compliance and

Monitoring Program.

Ratings for products that are labeled with the NFRC Temporary and Permanent Label, or products that are listed on an

NFRC Label Certificate, in accordance with NFRC requirements, are considered to be NFRC-certified. NFRC maintains a


Certified Products Directory (CPD), listing product lines and individual products selected by the manufacturer/responsible

party for which certification authorization has been granted. NFRC manages the Rating System and regulates the Product

Certification Program (PCP), Laboratory Accreditation Program (LAP) and Certification Agency Program (CAP) in

accordance with the NFRC 700 (PCP), the NFRC 701 (LAP), the NFRC 702 (CAP), the NFRC 705 (CMA-PCP), and the

NFRC 708 (CEAP) procedures, and conducts compliance activities under all these programs as well as the NFRC 707

Compliance and Monitoring Program (CAMP). NFRC continues to develop the Rating System and each of the programs.

Scope of Program:

Any Licensee seeking product certification under this Product Certification Program (“PCP” or “Certification Program”)

shall provide an NFRC-Accredited simulation laboratory of its choice with product drawings for each product line to be

rated and certified, so that a computer simulation report on a product's energy performance ratings can be prepared in

accordance with applicable approved NFRC rating procedures. The computer simulation report is then submitted, at the

Licensee’s direction, to an NFRC-Licensed Certification and Inspection Agency (IA) selected by the Licensee.

The Licensee fabricates a baseline product for validation or a production line sample as applicable and as identified in the

simulation report having U-factors within the allowable ranges as specified in NFRC 100. The Licensee arranges to have the

product physically tested by an NFRC-Accredited Testing Laboratory in accordance with the NFRC 102. The test reports are

delivered to the Licensee, who may then direct the testing laboratory to deliver the reports to the IA. The simulation and

testing sequence is performed at the Licensee’s discretion.

The IA then reviews the reports and compares the physical test results with the computer simulation results for validation. If

the IA determines that the simulated and tested values are within the tolerances required by NFRC 100, and that all

requirements for product certification have been met, the IA authorizes product certification and issues a Certification

Authorization Report (CAR), which gives the Licensee permission to label the product in accordance with the Certification

Program. Products to which the NFRC labels are affixed are NFRC-certified products. Products authorized for certification

and selected by the Licensee are listed in the online Certified Products Directory on the NFRC website.


Product Certification Program Guidelines:

1. Select and contact a Certification and Inspection Agency (IA)

IA will review simulation & test reports to ensure proper NFRC procedures.

If all reports are in accordance with NFRC procedures, the IA will issue a Certification Authorization Report

(“CAR”) to the responsible party.

To maintain certification, products must be recertified every 4 years

IA will authorize the printing of labels.

IA will conduct an initial inspection of manufacturing facility within 6 months of issuance of the CAR, and one

inspection annually thereafter.

2. Select and contact a Simulation Laboratory

Responsible party must submit all drawings, bill of materials, and other pertinent product specifications to

simulation laboratory.

Simulation Laboratory will issue a simulation report to the responsible party detailing the product's matrices.

Responsible party instructs Simulation Laboratory to release simulation report to its designated IA.

3. Select and contact Test Laboratory

NFRC accredited test laboratories conduct the physical test of the baseline product chosen for testing.

Responsible party instructs Test Laboratory to release test results to designated IA.

4. Return to the NFRC office, via email, fax, or mail the following:

Appropriate signed License Agreement and Schedules

Responsible Party Data Sheet.

5. upon receipt of the CAR from the IA, NFRC will execute the License Agreement and return one copy of the

agreement to the responsible party (licensee) along with information regarding the Certified Products

Database/Directory (CPD).

Licensee shall not label product until they have executed the NFRC License Agreement; only NFRC-licensed

responsible parties may use the NFRC temporary label.

Only values printed on the CAR may be used on the NFRC temporary label (values from the simulation report shall

not be used on the label).


6. Review the NFRC fee schedule for the Product Certification Program (PCP).

PCP participation fees will be invoiced annually

PCP product line and label usage fees will be invoiced quarterly

IA fees and lab fees will be invoiced by the respective IA and lab separately

Product evaluation

Under the Certification Program, products may be authorized for certification only if they have been rated in

accordance with NFRC-approved procedures, computer programs and test methods (Figures 1.3., 1.4.).

For certification authorization, a licensee shall obtain ratings for U-factor, Solar Heat Gain Co-Efficient

(SHGC),and Visible Transmittance (VT). If there are no technical procedures available for obtaining a required

rating fora particular product at the time of certification authorization, the product is exempt from the rating

requirement. Optional performance ratings available to licensees for certification authorization are Air

Leakage (AL) and Condensation Resistance.

NFRC accredits simulation laboratories and testing laboratories to conduct computer simulations and

physical testing of fenestration and attachment products. A current contact listing of accredited labs is

maintained on the

NFRC website. The results of simulations and tests conducted by NFRC-accredited laboratories are reported

to the licensee and to the NFRC-licensed Certification and Inspection Agency (IA) selected by the

manufacturer.

A licensee shall obtain from an NFRC-accredited laboratory NFRC required ratings for each product to be

authorized for certification. Such ratings shall be obtained by complying either with the Validated

Computational Procedure, Computational Procedure, or Testing Alternative.


Product Certification Program Flow Chart

Select Simulation Lab

Select Test Lab

Select Product Lines to be Certified

Send drawing , Bill of material , and product specs to simulation lab

Simulation Lab performs computer simulations and issues report to you.

You instruct Simulation Lab to release report to your selected IA

Select baseline product for validation testing from simulated product line matrix

Send test sample to Test Lab for validation testing purposes

Test Lab performs valdation test of Simulated U-factor. You instruct the Test Lab to release report to your selected IA.

Submit (fax, email or mail) License Agreement and other paperwork to NFRC. Certification Authorization will not be issued by your IA until NFRC has received your completed documents.

Licensing Agreement Read, and then sign license agreement. You will submit (fax, email or mail) the signature page to NFRC. Once Certification Authorization has been issued, NFRC will co-sign send a digital copy back to you

Responsible Party Data SheetFill out completely with Responsible Party contact information Schedule

Schedule I List only the Facilities/Plants where the Certified Products will be manufactured

Schedule II List the Certified Product Lines and the Facilities/Plants where they will be manufactured /fabricated.

Submit (Fax ,e-mail) the following back to NFRC: 1. Responsible Party Data Sheet 2. Schedules I and II 3. Signed signature page of the NFRC License Agreement.

IA evaluates reports from Simulation and Test Labs to insure results are in accordance with NFRC 100, and that all requirementshave been met.

When all requirements have been met, IA issues Certificate Authorization Report (CAR)

NFRCsigns and returns License Agreement, issues passwords for CPD, and sends weblink agreement and invoicing.

You may now contact your IA to begin the labeling process with the ratings listed on your Certification Authorization Report.

IA simulaiton & test lab selection

STEP 1

STEP 2

Simulation lab

STEP 3

Test lab

STEP 4

NFRC license agreement & other paperwork

STEP 5

Final step to certification


The Validated Computational procedure is used for obtaining U-factor ratings. The licensee shall obtain a simulation report

from an NFRC-accredited simulation laboratory for each product line to be authorized for certification. The licensee shall

then obtain a physical test report from an NFRC-accredited test laboratory. The test report shall contain the test results of

the baseline product (the representative product of the product line) chosen by the licensee in order to validate the

simulations conducted for the product line.

The Computational Procedure is used for obtaining SHGC, VT and Condensation Resistance ratings. Under this procedure,

the licensee shall obtain a simulation report from an NFRC-accredited simulation laboratory for each product line to be

authorized for certification.

The Testing Alternative procedure is used for products that cannot be simulated and/or for ratings that can only be obtained

through physical testing. The licensee shall request that the simulation laboratory provide written confirmation to the IA that

the product line cannot be simulated. The licensee shall select products for testing, which shall be test samples in the sizes

set forth by applicable NFRC technical procedures. As in validation testing, the licensee shall supply the test laboratory with

product drawings and other applicable information as required. The licensee shall authorize the testing laboratory to deliver

a copy of the test report, along with copies of supporting data, to the selected IA. Air Leakage ratings can only be obtained

using the Testing Alternative method of evaluation; there are no procedures for the simulation or computation of air leakage

ratings.

Procedures for Simulation

For each product line to be rated, the licensee shall deliver bill of materials, product assembly drawings, detailed dimension

die drawings, and all individual product options within the product line to an NFRC-accredited simulation laboratory.

Individual products to be rated shall meet the requirements set forth in NFRC rating procedures.

The licensee shall direct the simulation laboratory to conduct computer simulations of each individual product in

accordance with applicable NFRC rating procedures (NFRC 100, 200, and 500) and to develop a matrix of individual

products. The licensee shall direct the simulation laboratory to deliver the matrix and simulation report, together with copies

of the complete supporting data to an NFRC-licensed IA selected by the licensee .

A Lineal Supplier shall authorize each fabricator the supplier lists on the Schedule III to obtain the supplier’s simulation

report by reissuing the report to the fabricator. The report shall include all individual product options authorized for

certification.


Procedures for Testing Where applicable, a licensee shall obtain a physical test report from an NFRC-accredited test laboratory for each product

line to be authorized for certification.All test samples submitted for initial certification authorization shall be either new

products or production line units. These test samples serve two purposes: validation of the baseline product and plant

qualification. The sample submitted for initial certification shall be the baseline product.

Validation (test procedure for obtaining U-factor computational validation)

The licensee shall manufacture and deliver one representative test sample to a selected NFRC-accredited testing laboratory.

The representative sample shall be the baseline product and the sample used for testing may be either a production line unit

or a new product (prototype). If a product line(s) has been grouped with another product line for validation in accordance

with NFRC 100, then the validation test conducted validates all grouped product lines.

The licensee shall also deliver to the testing laboratory a copy of the product drawings, bill of materials, and other

applicable information as is necessary to accurately define the representative sample to be physically tested. The licensee

shall direct the testing laboratory to physically test the representative sample in accordance with NFRC 102. The licensee

shall direct the testing laboratory to deliver a copy of the test report (electronically and/or hardcopy), together with copies

of complete support data as required by provisions of the NFRC LAP, to the NFRC-licensed IA selected by the licensee.

A Lineal Supplier shall authorize each fabricator the supplier lists on the Schedule III of the Lineal Supplier License

Agreement to obtain the supplier’s test report by reissuing the report to the fabricator. The product matrix simulated shall be

considered validated if the results of the physical test meets the equivalence criteria set forth in the NFRC 100.

Special Cases

Swinging door products rated in accordance with NFRC 100, with a glazing area less than or equal to 50% of the slab or

panel area, are not required to label SHGC and VT ratings.

For Tubular Daylight Devices (TDDs) ratings required for certification authorization are U-Factor and SHGC. TDDs use the

simulation validation computational procedure for U-factor and the “test only” procedure for rating SHGC. TDDs are

currently exempt from obtaining Visible Transmittance (VT) ratings.


REFERENCES NFRC’s official documents of the Product Certification Program, Certification Agency Program (CAP) and technical

documents:

NFRC 100 - 2004_E1A6 Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product U-Factors

NFRC 101-2006-E0A20 (May 2009) Procedure for Determining Thermophysical Properties of Materials for Use in NFRC-

Approved Software Programs

NFRC 102 - 2004_E0A3 Procedure for Measuring the Steady-State Thermal Transmittance of Fenestration

Systems

NFRC 103-2007 (E0A0) Verification Program for Thermophysical Property Data

NFRC 200 - 2004_E1A4: Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product Solar Heat Gain Coefficient and

Visible Transmittance at Normal Incidence

NFRC 201 - 2004_E1A1: Procedure for Interim Standard Test Method for Measuring the Solar Heat Gain

Coefficient of Fenestration Systems Using Calorimetry Hot Box Methods

NFRC 300 - 2004_E0A1: Test Method for Determining the Solar Optical Properties of Glazing Materials and

Systems

NFRC 301 - 2004-E0A1: Standard Test Method for Emittance of Specular Surfaces Using Spectrometric

Measurements

NFRC 302 - 2004: Verification Program for Optical Spectral Data

NFRC 303-2006: Creating a Laminate in Optics for NFRC Certification

NFRC 304-2007-E1A0: Creating an Applied Film Layer in Optics for NFRC Certification

NFRC 400 - 2004_E1A0: Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product Air Leakage

NFRC 500 - 2004_E1A0: Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product Condensation Resistance Values

NFRC 500 User's Guide - 2004_E1A0

NFRC 600-Glossary and Terminology-2007-E1A2

NFRC 901-2008_E0A0: Guidelines to Estimate the Effects of Fenestration on Heating and Cooling Energy

Consumption in Single Family Residences

NFRC Software Approval Guidelines

NFRC Simulation Manual

USEFUL LINKS

Efficient Windows Collaborative (EWC): www.efficientwindows.org/

National Fenestration Rating Council: www.nfrc.org/

Florida Solar Energy Center: www.fsec.ucf.edu

U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE):www1.eere.energy.gov


Australia Fenestration Rating Council (AFRC):

The technical basis of the Window Energy Rating Scheme (WERS) was established in 1995 under contract by Unisearch

Ltd at the University of New South Wales. The foundation work was carried out by Dr. Peter Lyons and PC Thomas in the

Solarch group of the UNSW Faculty of the Built Environment. It enables windows to be rated and labeled for their annual

energy impact on a whole house, in any climate of Australia.

The window energy rating scheme (WERS) ranks residential windows for their energy performance in typical housing

anywhere in Australia and complements manufacturer's existing standards for wind, water penetration and safety (AS 1288

and AS 2047).

To participate in WERS, window makers must obtain energy ratings for their products from a rating organization that is

accredited by the Australian Fenestration Rating Council (AFRC). Their windows must meet all Australian standards,

including AS2047-1999 (Windows in Buildings-Selection and Installation) and AS 1288-1994 (Glass in buildings -

selection and installation). The Window Energy Rating Scheme is managed by the Australian Window Association (AWA).

WERS is independent of any manufacturer and acts as a fair, rigorous and credible system for testing performance claims.

WERS-rated windows must meet all relevant Australian standards. It must be mentioned that WERS rates the performance

of a window, not the performance of the amount of windows used in a design.

The WERS ratings complement other energy rating schemes for consumer appliances, vehicles and buildings. The certified

data from WERS plugs into the Nationwide House Energy Rating Scheme (NatHERS) and is used to provide star ratings for

houses.In addition to WERS, a Skylight Energy Rating Scheme (SERS) has been developed. Some skylight manufacturers

are currently using the system, which provides similar information to WERS, adjusted to skylight heating and cooling

performance, as well as additional information about daylighting performance.

Description of the Window Energy Rating Scheme

The WERS scheme operates on three levels to convey information about the energy performance of custom rated

windows and skylights:

Star ratings for cooling and heating performance: the more stars, the more energy-efficient the window.

Indicative percent reduction in heating and cooling needs for the whole house, compared with base case,single-glazed,

standard aluminum window: the higher the percentage, the more energy will be saved by installing the window.

Basic thermal, solar and optical performance data including the U-value for the window; the Solar Heat Gain

Coefficient; Visible Transmittance; Fabric Fading Transmittance and Air Infiltration. These figures help to determine if

the window is right for specific applications and climate types.


Rated windows carry a label which certifies that the window has been rated by the Australian Window Association .The star

ratings are shown at the top of the sticker. Heating performance is shown in red and cooling performance is shown in blue.

The sticker also shows how much the window will reduce the energy used for heating and cooling compared to the base-

case window (a single-glazed, standard aluminum window). At the bottom of the sticker is some AWC-certified data on the

thermal, solar and optical performance of the window.

As well as a sticker, the window manufacturer will issue a certificate and marketing material for the window type. This will

show the same information as the sticker and spell out in detail the energy performance of the window. The window will be

ranked against alternatives, either from the same company or its competitors.

The data derived is available for public access in the Certified Product Directory tables attached to the member name and allows for easy comparison of windows.


The basis for the Energy Rating Scheme

Most windows are rated entirely by a two-stage process. The Window Energy Rating Scheme employs a combination of

physical testing and computer simulation to generate energy ratings for fenestration products.

WERS applies a suite of interlinked procedures including those used by the U.S. National Fenestration Rating Council

(NFRC). As with the NFRC, WERS uses the software tools Window 5, Optics 5 and Therm 5.Occasionally, unusual or

complex products may need to be measured by physical testing to establish their basic thermal behavior. After initial

modelling or testing, a second stage of computer simulation follows using NatHERS (Australia's Nationwide House Energy

Rating Software), from which the final WERS rating is generated.

Rating of a window for energy performance starts with establishment of basic solar, thermal and optical properties of the

glazing unit and window frame. These properties are determined by a combination of laboratory measurements and

computer simulations.

Most windows can be rated through computer simulation alone. Occasionally, unusual or complex products may need to

be measured by physical testing to establish their basic thermal behaviour. Air infiltration must be measured according to

procedures meeting Australian standard AS 2047. If air leakage data is not available, conservative default values are used

as an input to the rating process.

Basic data for the window assembly is then plugged into the NatHERS software to determine the annual energy impact of

the window on "a model house". This is a measure of the amount of annual (heating) energy that must be added to a

house, and the amount of annual (cooling) energy that must be removed to keep the house within a comfortable

temperature range.

WERS ranks windows in terms of their whole-house energy improvement when compared to the base-case window (a

single-glazed clear window with a thermally unbroken aluminum frame). The rankings are then used to generate star ratings

for cooling (summer and solar control performance) and heating (winter performance).

Separate scales of 0-5 stars for heating and cooling impact are expressed in half-star increments. This gives 11 levels of

performance, which is sufficient to distinguish different products without confusing consumers. The window star ratings for

heating and cooling rank the window against alternatives, using a scale based on 'generic' window types. The generic

windows range from very low performance to very high performance in heating or cooling. Generic windows are not real

products but are intended to represent products that are available on the Australian market. The star rating of many "real"

products can be estimated by finding the generic window that is most similar. A generic rating assigns default,

conservative star ratings and basic solar/thermal data to a product according to the closest match in the list of generic


windows. A custom rating is an exact rating for a real product based on the results of a computer simulation using real data

for the window. The scales have been determined by rating 27 generic windows with the 5-star benchmark applying to

products that have a high performance for heating and cooling but are also readily available on the Australian market.

The base-case window (WIN01) has zero stars for cooling but receives one star for heating due to its solar gain in winter.

The star ratings are valid for all orientations, all Australian climates and a wide range of window sizes, and both raised

timber and concrete slab-on-ground floors. The ratings apply to the effect of the whole window including the relative

contributions of glass and frame. These stars indicate the effect the window will have on the energy performance of the

whole house. To provide consumers with a simple benchmark, a comprehensive range of representative windows has been


rated for their energy performance which is illustrated in terms of stars. No star shows that the window is a very poor

performer, 10 stars means excellent performance and a whole new world of energy efficiency and interior comfort.

The application of WERS in praxis

Accredited organizations wishing to demonstrate the energy efficiency of their products comply with the Window

Energy Rating Scheme (WERS). It must be mentioned that some "real" products are already available on the

Australian market that exceed the 5 star scale.

To participate in WERS, window makers must obtain energy ratings for their products from a rating organisation

that is accredited by the Australian Fenestration Rating Council (AFRC). The procedure that is being

The Australian Fenestration Rating Council (AFRC) was established to provide an energy rating system for

windows and doors that is fair, accurate and credible in application. The AFRC is the Australian operator of the

NFRC. The Rating System employs computer simulation and physical testing by NFRC-accredited laboratories

to establish energy performance ratings for fenestration product types.

A review on the existing window energy rating systems: AUSTRALIA

The data process and auditing for the certification of fenestration products in Australia by AFRC. The National Fenestration

Rating Council Incorporated (NFRC) operates a uniform national rating system for energy performance of fenestration

products. The Rating System determines the U-value, Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) and Visible Transmittance (VT) of

a product, and is supplemented by procedures for the ratings of products for Air Leakage (AL) and Condensation

Resistance (CR). Together, these rating procedures, as set forth in documents published by NFRC, are known as the NFRC

Rating System. The Rating System is expected to be supplemented by additional procedures for rating energy performance

characteristics including annual energy performance, long term energy performance, ultra-violet (UV) and comfort. NFRC

ensures the integrity and uniformity of NFRC ratings, certification and labeling by ensuring that responsible parties, testing

and simulation laboratories and Independent Auditors (IAs) adhere to strict NFRC requirements.

In order to participate in the Certification Program, a responsible party shall rate a product to be certified for mandatory

NFRC rating procedures. At present, a responsible party may elect to rate products for U-factor, solar heat gain coefficient,

visible transmittance, air leakage, condensation resistance, or any other procedure adopted by NFRC, and to include those

ratings on a label affixed to its products (or Certificate for site-built products). U-factor, SHGC and VT, AL, and CR rating

reports shall be obtained from a laboratory, which has been accredited by NFRC in accordance with the requirements of the

Laboratory Accreditation Program (LAP).


For each individual product, total fenestration product U-Factors shall be reported for the specified configuration at the

model size as shown in Table below .

NFRC maintains a Certified Products Directory, listing product lines and individual products selected by the responsible

party for which product certification authorisation has been granted and listing all NFRC-licensed IAs and NFRC-accredited

testing simulation laboratories. NFRC manages the Rating System and regulates the Product Certification Program (PCP),

Laboratory Accreditation Program (LAP) and Certification Agency Program (CAP) in accordance with the PCP, the LAP and

the CAP procedures, and conducts compliance activities under all these programs as well as the Compliance and

Monitoring Program. NFRC continues to develop the Rating System and each of the program.

NFRC owns all rights in and to each of the PCP, LAP, CAP, Compliance and Monitoring Program, and each

procedure, which is a component of the Rating System, as well as each of its certification marks, trade names,

and other intellectual property.

AFRC Data Process and Auditing


REFERENCES Australian Fenestration Rating Council (AFRC): Technical Protocols & Procedures Manual for Energy Rating of

Fenestration Products Version 1.0, 2007

USEFUL LINKS

www.accreditedcertifiers.com

WERS: www.wers.net

AWA -Australian Window Association: www.awa.org.au/

Australian Building Codes Board: www.abcb.gov.au/

Association of Building Sustainability Assessors: www.absa.net.au/

AFRC Data Process and Auditing


British Fenestration Rating Council (BFRC): The BFRC Scheme is the UK’s national system for rating the energy efficiency of windows and is recognized within the

Building Regulations as a method to show compliance for windows installation. The BFRC Rating is designed to allow

consumers and specifies to compare competing products using a simple and easy to understand ranking and labelling

system. A BFRC Rating does not provide an absolute measure of the energy performance of a specific window or

application. The actual energy consumption for a specific application will depend on the location of the window in the

building, the building parameters such as insulation and occupancy, the building geometry and orientation, the local climate

and the indoor temperature set by the occupants. The BFRC Rating allows accurate comparison of window performance

under identical conditions. The BFRC Rating refers only to the standard BFRC sample size - this is the same sample size

used in both the relevant European Standards and in the Building Regulations.

Energy labelling of many products is a statutory requirement under EU law and it is illegal to sell certain items without an

energy rating and label attached to them. This is not the case with the BFRC Rating scheme. Although the scheme uses the

standard and familiar energy rating label, the use of a BFRC Rating label is entirely voluntary.

Description of the Window Energy Rating Scheme As well as calculating the overall accurate ‘U’ value for a specific size and design of window (frame and gaskets etc as well

as the double glazed unit), Window Energy Rating also takes into account the significant benefit to be derived from solar

gain along with the heat lost through air infiltration., The U Value is normally produced by the Simulator using approved

software. The g Value results from the glass manufacture; and the L Value from testing to BS6375. The U Value simulation

is performed to a standard Glass & Glazing Federation (GGF) configuration, and the result can be applied to all products of

other configurations using the same profile system.

Window Energy Ratings use a consumer-friendly traffic-light style A-E ratings guide similar to that used on ‘white’ goods, such as fridges, freezers, washing machines etc .

Each window rated by the BFRC has a unique label. This label displays the following information: The rating level – A, B, C, etc… The energy index, e.g. -3kWh/(m²[K) in this example the product will lose 3 kilowatt hours per square metre per year.

The Energy Index shows how much energy the window will save or lose once it has been installed. A positive value means

the window will enable more energy (free heat) to pass through the glass and into the room than is going to be lost through

the window, therefore the window is a 'free energy' supplier.

BFRC Rating = 218.6 x gwindow - 68.5 x (Uwindow + Effective L50).


This gives the numerical BFRC Rating (generally a negative number) that can be converted to an A-G band .

WINDOW U- VALUE.

U-value measures how good a product is at preventing heat from escaping. The lower the U-value the better the product is

at preventing heat escaping. The value used is the whole window U-value (Uwindow)and not simply the glassU-value

(Uglass).

The U-value used for the BFRC Rating equation is that of the window (Uwindow) and not that of the glass (Uglass).This is

as per the requirements of the current Building Regulations. The centre pane U-value of the glass is not to be used under

any circumstances. The calculation of Uwindow is a detailed calculation and the use of simulation software is required. The

U window used in the BFRC Rating equation should always be provided from detailed simulations carried out by BFRC

Certified Simulators to EN 10077-2.

AIR LEAKAGE

The effective heat loss due to air penetration as L, e.g. 0.01 W/(m²[K) The factor L50 in the formula is the air leakage

factor. A lower number means less uncontrolled air leakage and heat loss. Windows with high air leakage lose more heat.

Air leakage rates for buildings and building components obtained from measurements are usually quoted for a pressure

difference of 50 Pa. This is to provide a comparison between buildings or windows. The air leakage rate measured at 50 Pa

(L50) is not suitable for use in energy calculations and a much lower value, related to typical or average conditions, is

needed. The L50 value must therefore be scaled back to provide the appropriate realistic value for air leakage.To obtain the

air leakage rate through the window for the purposes of the BFRC Rating equation divide the

air leakage at 50 Pa by 20, i.e. L = L50/20 where both L and L50 are measured in m3/h/m2. The air leakage rate (in

m3/h/m2) must be converted to a heat loss rate (in W/m2K) to be able to add the U and L factors in the BFRC Rating

equation. This involves using the density and specific heat capacity of air and converting to the appropriate units. Thus:Heat

loss (W/m2K) = 0.33 L and since L = L50 / 20: Heat loss (W/m2K) = 0.0165 L50 where L50 is expressed in m3/h/m2

of window. This is the value to use in the BFRC Rating equation.


The air leakage rate (L50) to be used for this equation is that for the BFRC sample window (i.e. 1.48m x 1.23m with a

central mullion and one opening light) fitted with the relevant profiles and gasket system. It is unlikely that manufacturers

will have current air leakage test results for the BFRC sample window at this stage. However, many manufacturers will have

certified test results available from UKAS laboratories for air leakage testing to BS 6375 Part 1 (EN 42) fitted with the

relevant profiles and gasket system. In this case the air leakage results can be given as a value of m3/h/m length of

opening light. Where this is the case the following procedure should be used to convert the values:

Calculate the total perimeter length of the opening light seal (m length of opening light) for the BFRC

sample window. When using dual or multiple seal windows the perimeter length to be used is that of the

innermost seal.

Calculate the total air leakage through the window (m3/h) by multiplying the perimeter length (m length

of opening light) by the BS 6375 Part 1 (EN 42) value for air leakage at 50 Pa ( in m3/h/m length of

opening light).

Calculate the effective L50 value (m3/h/m2) by dividing the total air leakage through the window (m3/h)

by 1.8204 (the area of the BFRC sample window in m2, i.e. 1.48m x 1.23m).

Calculate the Window Air Leakage heat loss by multiplying the effective L50 value (m3/h/m2) by 0.0165

to convert to the actual heat loss for the window.

The solar heat gain e.g. g=0.43

This measures the amount of heat gain from sunlight. The Solar Factor is expressed as a number between

0 and 1. A lower Solar Factor means less heat gain. In most cases the g-value for the glass will be available

from the manufacturer or from the chosen BFRC Certified Simulator. Unless otherwise confirmed by the

glass supplier, it should be assumed that the given is the g - value. The conversion of the g - value to the

required time-averaged gw-value is carried out according to the simplified method given in EN 832 where:

gw = g x Fw where Fw = 0,9.

This is the g-value for the glass only (g-glass). The actual g-value to be used in the BFRC Rating equation

is g-window (the whole window g value). It is therefore necessary to know the window sightlines and the

proportion of glass in the window to calculate g window. Calculate the proportion of glass in the BFRC

sample window from the sightlines of the frame and gaskets to give a ‘glass fraction’ value and apply this to


the gglass value to calculate gwindow value for use in the BFRC Rating equation. The window sightlines used must include

the presence of all gaskets and the worst (i.e. largest) of the inner and outer sightlines should be used in the calculation of

the glass fraction.The procedure for rating fenestration products

Step 1: Internal preparation

Before proceeding with the window rating by BFRC, it is sensible to ask a BFRC certified Simulator to undertake a

rating on the behalf of the window manufacturer, in order to find out what the likely result is and have the

opportunity to make amendments to the product specification to improve the final rating. The advantage of

simulation is that the performance is concluded from the drawings and a component listing. By substituting

components a price/cost benefit analysis can be undertaken, in order to decide on the way forward.

Step 2: Simulation of product by approved simulator

Adopt a recognised quality management system (ISO 9001 or similar documented system).

Step 3: Selecting an Independent Agency (IA)

Contact one or more of BFRC’s four approved Independent Agencies (IA’s) to obtain a quotation for their audit

work. The IA’s are responsible for auditing the simulation and the manufacturing systems to ensure that the

manufacturer will be in a position to provide to consumers a product which will have been rated underthe BFRC

scheme.

Step 4: IA Verification

The IA will submit the details of the rating and the independent audit to BFRC for the registration of the label.

The chosen IA is required to verify the following:

The results of simulations carried out by a BFRC Approved Simulator are automatically accepted by an IA. Where

the manufacturer uses a recognized window system with previously validated results these will be accepted for

the manufacturer.

The presence and operation of a suitable quality management system. If the manufacturer has a recognized

quality management system then this will be accepted as being relevant. If the manufacturer has no existing

quality management approval, the IA will audit the quality management system for approval.


Step 5: BFRC Registration

After successful completion of the verification process the IA informs the manufacturer and requests

authorization to release the results to the BFRC for full formal recognition and listing. An IA will not release

results to the BFRC without the permission of the customer.After release of the results and payment of the BFRC

fees, the BFRC:

Lists the product on the BFRC web based database

Authorises the manufacturer to use the BFRC Window Energy Labelon BFRC Certified products

Authorises the manufacturer to use the BFRC Window Energy


Internal preparation

Simulation of product by approved simulator

Selecting an Independent Agency (IA)

Manufacturer uses BFRC Label to improve Sales

IA Verification

BFRC Registration

Product Certification Program Flow Chart


BFRC rating and energy saving recommended certification mark The energy saving recommended certification mark was developed by the Energy Saving Trust to distinguish the most

energy efficient products on the market. Only products that meet the strict requirements will be endorsed and given the

certification mark. The certification scheme is managed by the Energy Saving Trust and backed by the Government. The

energy saving recommended logo is strongly supported by marketing campaigns and is widely recognized by consumers

as signposting the most energy efficient products available in the marketplace. The BFRC has worked with the Energy

Saving Trust to enable suppliers of suitable BFRC rated products to apply for endorsement by the scheme and use of this

prestigious mark on their product.

Manufacturers and suppliers who achieve a BFRC rating of ‘C’ (or above) are eligible to apply to the Managing Agent of the

energy saving endorsement scheme for approval to use the logo and to be listed on the energy saving recommended

database. If a manufacturer or supplier’s product achieves a ‘C’ (or above) rating then the BFRC provides a WER label to

this effect. The holder of the WER label contacts the Managing Agent of the energy saving endorsement scheme for an

Application Pack. This is a simple 4-page form that is completed and returned with:

The relevant BFRC Rating labels.

A copy of the last Annual Return made to the Registrar of Companies.

Copies of up to date certificates for Product Liability Insurance and Employers Liability Insurance.

A copy of the procedures which monitor the quality of the product

A commitment to annually report sales of the endorsed product.

The Managing Agent completes the rest of the process and if successful manufacturers and suppliers are given

permission to use the energy saving recommended logo and will be entered onto the energy saving

recommended database. The energy saving recommended logo is a certification mark and usage of the mark is

controlled by EST. Manufacturers and suppliers must abide by the logo usage requirements of the scheme that

are part of the scheme rules.

The energy saving recommended logo is one of the most highly recognised certification marks in the UK. Consumers both

recognise the mark as defining energy efficient products and use it to select purchases. Surveys show that consumers

trust the mark and use it to make purchase decisions. Using the mark shows that a manufacturer is the ‘best of the breed’.

Scheme members are listed on the energy saving recommended database free of charge. This is accessible via

the Energy Saving Trust web site (www.est.org.uk/myhome) of information to customers who want to purchase

energy saving products.

Scheme members benefit through the large-scale publicity that is carried out by the Energy Saving Trust to

support and publicize the scheme. They benefit from the support of a multi-million pound advertising campaign


including posters, press, PR and belowthe-line activity – throughout the year and during the energy saving week

promoting the energy efficiency message and directing consumers to the website. Application and membership of

the energy saving recommended endorsement scheme is free at present. There are no scheme charges, either

initial or for renewal. If the Energy Saving Trust brings in scheme charges, it will give six months notice to the

members. The level of charges shall not exceed that required to cover the reasonable administrative and

operational expenses of Energy Saving Trust in respect of

the scheme.

Limits for BFRC rating

The BFRC Rating refers only to the standard BFRC sample size - this is the same sample size used in both the relevant

European Standards and in the Building Regulations. It is not possible to provide a BFRC Rating for any other specific

style/shape or configuration of window.

The BFRC Rating refers only to the general orientation of windows in UK homes. It is not possible to provide a

BFRC Rating for a specific house or orientation of window.

The BFRC Rating refers to the general UK climate zone. It is not possible to provide a BFRC Rating for a

specific and local climate zone in the UK.

REFERENCES www.bfrc.org USEFUL LINKS British Fenestration Rating Council: www.bfrc.org/


Proposal - Jordan Fenestration Rating Council :

NFRC is assisting in development and establishment of window energy rating system.

Working with US DOE, USAID, Royal Scientific Society of Jordan

Energy rated and labeled products will provide building inspectors a means to verify compliance of the Jordan’s new

Energy Efficient Building Code.

The new Energy Efficient Building Code specifies the requirements that need to be adhered to by the building envelope

components in terms of various performance requirements (SHGC, Light Transmittance, U-factor and Air Leakage, Surface

Reflectance, Surface emissivity and R-value).

As part of the implementation program of the energy efficient building code, the RSS is interested in developing a

certification institution which will be capable of providing accurate independent certifications on the Building component

performance parameters.

The establishment of an energy performance-testing laboratory at RSS will provide certification services and be recognized

as one of its independent laboratory.

Goals of Project:

Establishment of state of art testing laboratory which will help creates a unified database of certified materials and

products. This will help manufacturers use products with no performance in the buildings.

Unified product performance information will help to identify and respond to the range of barriers that limit the

implementation to the use energy efficient products and technologies.

Data will help use of standardized building envelope component performance information in computer simulation

tool for analyzing the building component performance. This will help better simulation and real life results

agreements.

The public data base will provide base performance information of energy efficient products available in the

marketplace which will encourage competition, research and development of newer more efficient products.


Testing laboratory is critical to support development and implementation of building envelope component rating

(fenestration, insulation and roofs).The testing lab, simulation and quality check in a ratings program helps

support unbiased analysis and verification.

Project Deliverables:

Building envelope component energy labeling system:

To set up a state of art building envelope component testing laboratory at Royal Scientific Society (RSS).

The laboratory will have required capabilities to test 1) Thermal transmittance 2) Solar Gain 3) Spectral optical

measurements of glazing, 4) Air Leakage 5) Surface reflectance and emissivity of building envelope components

as applicable.

Provide technical know including design drawings, operation manual, calibration and quality control guidelines.

Help procure correct testing equipments.

Hold experts and professionals workshop to discuss and address technical issues during implementation

process.

Help develop database for certified material and products which will have public and stake holder access.

RSS will provide the location, space and the required civil work in coordination with the provider abiding with the

required specifications.

The provider shall install, operate and conduct proper training at RSS premises to the RSS technicians during

commissioning.

Calibration, operation and commissioning of testing laboratory are the provider responsibility, within the period of

the project. Warranty, spare parts, manuals ,names of local suppliers shall be submitted by the provider.

List and Specification of Equipment needed:

Thermal Transmittance testing Chamber (Guarded Hot Box)

Solar Calorimeter

Spectrophotometer and Integrating Sphere

Air Infiltration testing Chamber

Heat Flow Meter

Reflectometer

Pyranometer

Emissometer

Window Labelling Program for IndiaPerformance Review of Existing Windows in the Market

How Close or Far are we presently from ECBC Windows?

Run ChartW

indo

wfr

ame

mat

eria

l

Aluminum

Fixed

Sliding

Casement

Fixed

Sliding

Clear glass

Tinted Glass

Reflective Glass

UPVC

SinglePane

Solar reflective+Low–e

Win

dow

fram

em

ater

ial

Sliding

Casement

Fixed

Sliding

Casement

Clear + Clear

Clear + Low-e

Low-e + Clear

Low-e+Low–eWood

UPVC

DoublePane

Standard used ISO 15099

U- Factor CalculationInterior Temperature 24 ºC (75.2 ºF)Exterior Temperature 32 ºC (89.6 ºF)Exterior Wind Velocity 3.3 m/s (7.5 mph)Radiant mean temperature exterior Tr,m = T exterior

Radiant mean temperature interior Tr,m = T interior

Solar heat gain CalculationInterior Temperature 24 ºC (75.2 ºF)Exterior Temperature 32 ºC (89.6 ºF)Exterior Wind Velocity 2.8 m/s (6.3 mph)Radiant mean temperature exterior Tr,m = T exterior


Incident solar flux 783 W/m2

(248 btu/hr-ft2

)Solar Spectrum ISO 9050/ 9845

Environmental ConditionsStandard used ISO 15099

U- Factor CalculationInterior Temperature 24 ºC (75.2 ºF)Exterior Temperature 32 ºC (89.6 ºF)Exterior Wind Velocity 3.3 m/s (7.5 mph)Radiant mean temperature exterior Tr,m = T exterior


Solar heat gain CalculationInterior Temperature 24 ºC (75.2 ºF)Exterior Temperature 32 ºC (89.6 ºF)Exterior Wind Velocity 2.8 m/s (6.3 mph)Radiant mean temperature exterior Tr,m = T exterior


Incident solar flux 783 W/m2

(248 btu/hr-ft2

)Solar Spectrum ISO 9050/ 9845

3

4

5

6

U-Va

lue

(W/m

²-⁰k)

Two Types of Wooden Fixed Frame Profile -Plotted for Different Glass Types

ECBCRECOMMENDED: 3.3 1 Type Of Frame Profile

Observations

0

1

2

3

U-Va

lue

(W/m

²-⁰k)

CLEAR BLUE GREEN COATED COATED CLEAR CLEAR LOW-E COATED LOW-EGLASS TINTED TINTED BLUE GREEN +CLEAR +LOW-E +CLEAR +LOW-E +LOW-E

ECBCRECOMMENDED: 3.3 1 Type Of Frame Profile

2 Type Of Frame Profile

U-VA

LUE

ECBCRECOMMENDED: 0.25 Max.

ECBCRECOMMENDED: 3.3.

0

2

4

6

0.30.40.50.60.70.8

SHGC

Material of Window Frame – Fixed Windows Observations

ECBCRECOMMENDED: 0.27 Min.


00.10.20.3

00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9

SHGC

VLT

WOODEN FRAMES UPVC FRAMES ALUMINIUM FRAMES




Type of Window Frame – For Varying Materials – Frame Profile 1

01234567

0.30.40.50.60.70.8



U-VA

LUE

SHGC

Observations

00.10.20.3

00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.8

ECBCRECOMMENDED:0.27 Min.


CASEMENT WINDOW SLIDING WINDOWFIXED WINDOW

SHGC

VLT

ALUMINUMUPVC

WOOD




01234567

0.30.40.50.60.70.8



U-VA

LUE

SHGC

Type of Window Frame – For Varying Materials- Frame Profile 2 Observations

00.10.20.3

00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.8

FIXED WINDOW CASEMENT WINDOW SLIDING WINDOW

ECBCRECOMMENDED:0.27 Min.


SHGC

VLT

ALUMINUMUPVC

WOOD

CLEAR BLUE GREEN COATED COATED CLEAR CLEAR LOW-E COATED LOW-EGLASS TINTED TINTED BLUE GREEN +CLEAR +LOW-E +CLEAR +LOW-E +LOW-E CLEAR BLUE GREEN COATED COATED CLEAR CLEAR LOW-E COATED LOW-E

GLASS TINTED TINTED BLUE GREEN +CLEAR +LOW-E +CLEAR +LOW-E +LOW-ECLEAR BLUE GREEN COATED COATED CLEAR CLEAR LOW-E COATED LOW-EGLASS TINTED TINTED BLUE GREEN +CLEAR +LOW-E +CLEAR +LOW-E +LOW-E

Window Labelling Program for IndiaSimulation Inputs and Outputs

How do we convince market?How do we form policy?How much will we save?

How do we convince market?How do we form policy?How much will we save?

Cases BAU BAU+ ECBC

Window Type BAU ECBCCompliant

ECBCCompliant

Scenario: Energy Saving

Window Type BAU ECBCCompliant

ECBCCompliant

Other Envelope& System Type

BAU BAU ECBCCompliant

BAU – Business as usual, ECBC – Energy Conservation Building Code

DaytimeSchedule

Composite Climate

Warm & HumidClimate

Hot & Dry Climate

2000 m2

4500 m2

20 %

40 %

BAU Case

BAU+ Case

Run Chart

24 HrSchedule

Cold Climate

Moderate Climate

Composite Climate 4500 m2

12500 m2

40 %

60 %

BAU+ Case

ECBC Case

Geometry

Plan 20% WWR 40% WWR 60% WWR

Window Glazing measuresType WWR U-Factor SHGC VLT

BAU 20% 5.8 0.82 0.8BAU 40% 5.8 0.82 0.8BAU 60% 5.8 0.82 0.8

ECBC (CP, HD, WH) 20% 3.3 0.25 0.27ECBC (CP, HD, WH) 40% 3.3 0.25 0.2

Envelope Properties

ECBC (CP, HD, WH) 40% 3.3 0.25 0.2ECBC (CP, HD, WH) 60% 3.3 0.2 0.13ECBC (Moderate) 20% 6.9 0.4 0.27ECBC (Moderate) 40% 6.9 0.4 0.2ECBC (Moderate) 60% 6.9 0.3 0.13

ECBC (Cold) 20% 3.3 0.51 0.27ECBC (Cold) 40% 3.3 0.51 0.2ECBC (Cold) 60% 3.3 0.51 0.13

Opaque Construction MeasuresDaytime Schedule 24 Hr Schedule

TypeMaximum

Wall U-ValueMaximum

Roof U-ValueMaximum

Wall U-ValueMaximum

Roof U-ValueBAU 1.99 2.98 1.99 2.98ECBC

(HD,WH,CP)

Envelope Properties

ECBC(HD,WH,CP) 0.44 0.409 0.44 0.261

ECBC (Moderate) 0.44 0.409 0.44 0.409ECBC (Cold) 0.352 0.409 0.369 0.261

Geometry type – Five Zone Square BuildingNo. of Floors – 5Floor Height – 3m

BEE ECONIRMMAN Simulation Tool for ECBC ComplianceInput Parameters ECBC BAU

LPDEPDODCooling COPInfiltrationCooling SetpointHeating SetpointDaylight Control

10.812.99.3 sqm/person2.60.1 ach24 C18 CYes

13.9912.99.3 sqm/person2.050.25 ach24 C18 CNo

Model Data for Simulation

LPDEPDODCooling COPInfiltrationCooling SetpointHeating SetpointDaylight Control

10.812.99.3 sqm/person2.60.1 ach24 C18 CYes

13.9912.99.3 sqm/person2.050.25 ach24 C18 CNo

Model Data for Simulation• Life Cycle Cost

• Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is a method for assessing the total cost offacility ownership. It takes into account all costs of acquiring, owning, anddisposing of a building or building system

• Pay Back Period• Pay Back period is the period of time required for the return on an investment to

"repay" the sum of the original investment

CPWD Schedule of Rate for May 2012 used for BAU casesSSEF funded SoR revision document by TERIMarket Survey

• Life Cycle Cost• Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is a method for assessing the total cost of

facility ownership. It takes into account all costs of acquiring, owning, anddisposing of a building or building system

• Pay Back Period• Pay Back period is the period of time required for the return on an investment to

"repay" the sum of the original investment

CPWD Schedule of Rate for May 2012 used for BAU casesSSEF funded SoR revision document by TERIMarket Survey

46 44 43 51 50 49

41 40 39

35

35 35

28 28 28

13

31 38

13

23

36

12

23

36

8

14

24

5 10

15

100

150

200

250

EPI (

kWh/

m2)

EPI (kWh/m2-year)

BAU Additional EPIBAU+ Additional EPIECBC EPI

4500 m2 - Daytime

123

128

129

126

130

131

110

114

114

105

111

112

92 97 102

0

50

EPI (

kWh/

m2)

60 %

20 %

40 %

20 %

60 %

40 %

60 %

40 %

20 %

60 %

40 %

20 %

60 %

40 %

Hot & Dry ColdModerateCompositeWarm & Humid

BAU

ECBC

BAU+

20 %

44.09

49.8239.79

34.53

EPI Savings (kWh/m2-year)

Other Savings

Window Savings

40% WWR4500 m2Daytime

* 136

* 159

* 176

* 204* 203

31.2823.49 22.96

14.03 10.32

34.53

27.89


40%

27 %29 %

37 %

32 %

* BAU EPI

53.03

120.28

44.09

110.61

41.16

108.33

EPI Savings (kWh/m2)

Due to other ECBCmeasures

Due to Windows

40% WWRHot & Dry

(36.12)(56.21)

(31.28)(47.32)

(14.26)(24.56)

2000 m2 12500 m24500 m2

Daytime 24 Hr DaytimeDaytime 24 Hr24 Hr

203.04

171.76

127.67

203.80

180.31

130.49

176.41

153.45

113.65

159.50

145.47

110.94

135.61125.29

4

5

6

7

150

200

250

Year

s

EPI (

kWh/

m2)

EPI & Payback

EPI

PaybackPeriod

4500 m240% WWRDaytime

110.9497.40

0

1

2

3

0

50

100

Year

s

EPI (

kWh/

m2)

BAU BA

U

BAU

BAU

BAU

BAU+

ECBC BA

U+

BAU+

BAU+

BAU+

ECBC

ECBC

ECBC

ECBC


1.5

2.7

1.4

2.6

1.4

2.8

Payback (Years)

Other ECBC Payback

40% WWRHot & Dry

0.40.7

0.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 Window payback

2000 m2 12500 m24500 m2

24 Hr Daytime24 Hr Daytime24 Hr Daytime

20 % 21 %19 % 17 %

15 %

LCC Savings

Due to Other ECBCmeasures

4500 m240% WWRDaytime

14 %11 % 12 %

9 %7 %

Due to Other ECBCmeasures

Due to Windows


21% 25

%

20% 24

%

20% 25

%

LCC Savings

Due to otherECBC measures

Due to Window

40% WWRHot & Dry

Dayt

ime

Use

Build

ing

24Hr

Use

Build

ing

Dayt

ime

Use

Build

ing

Dayt

ime

Use

Build

ing

24Hr

Use

Build

ing

24Hr

Use

Build

ing

15% 12

%

14% 11

% 8% 6%

Due to Window

Dayt

ime

Use

Build

ing

24Hr

Use

Build

ing

Dayt

ime

Use

Build

ing

Dayt

ime

Use

Build

ing

24Hr

Use

Build

ing

24Hr

Use

Build

ing

12500 m24500 m22000 m2

8.0%

10.0%

12.0%

14.0%

16.0%

18.0%

20.0%

EPI Savings from Windows

4500 m2

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

Hot&

Dry

Cold

Mod

erat

e

Com

posi

te

War

m&

Hum

id

Daytime Schedule 24 Hour Schedule

Hot&

Dry

Cold

Mod

erat

e

Com

posi

te

War

m&

Hum

id

8.0%

10.0%

12.0%

14.0%

16.0%

18.0%

LCC Savings from Windows

4500 m2

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

Hot&

Dry

Cold

Mod

erat

e

Com

posi

te

War

m&

Hum

id

Hot&

Dry

Cold

Mod

erat

e

Com

posi

te

War

m&

Hum

id

Daytime Schedule 24 Hour Schedule

EPI (kWh/m2-year)

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