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CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS USING WASTE MATERIALS & RECYCLED BY-

PRODUCTS OF CHEMICAL PLANT

Presented by: Pooja Dohare

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CONTENTSIntroduction ObjectiveExamples

Blast Furnace Slag Role of Civil Engineering in Transport EngineeringCoal Usage in road Construction

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INTRODUCTION

As the world population grows, so do the amount and type of waste being generated

Many of the wastes produced today will remain in the environment for hundreds, perhaps thousands of years

One solution lies in recycling waste into useful products

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OBJECTIVE As all the wastes can’t be recycled so this project will primarily focus on the feasibility, environmental suitability, and performance of using wastes in highway construction

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EXAMPLESBlast Furnace Slag

What is Blast Furnace Slag? Blast furnace slag is an industrial byproduct of iron produced in a blast furnace

This slag consists primarily of silicates and alumino-silicates of lime and other bases

How Blast Furnace Slag is used in Cement Manufacture? GGBS cement is added to concrete in the concrete manufacturer's batching plant, along with Portland cement, aggregates and water

GGBS is used as a direct replacement for Portland cement, on a one-to-one basis by weight. Replacement levels for GGBS vary from 30% to up to 85%

Typically 40 to 50% is used in most instances

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Properties of BFS Helpful in Road Construction

Blast furnace slag is an excellent material for mechanical earth works such as cushion layers for roads, embankments, flooring, street paving, railroad metalling, etc.

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Role of Civil Engineering in Transport Engineering Cement manufacturing involves a lot of civil engineering as it consists of plants and other equipments like furnaces

Cement Manufacture There are 27 types of common cement which can be grouped into 5 general categories and 3 strength classes: ordinary, high and very high.

In addition, some special cements exist like sulphate resisting cement, low heat cement and calcium aluminate cement

Portland cement is by far the most common type of cement in general use around the world

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Manufacturing of Portland Cement Blast furnace slag is an excellent material for mechanical earth works such as cushion layers for roads, embankments, flooring, street paving, railroad metalling, etc.

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Coal Combustion By-ProductsWhen coal is burned in the power plants, two types of ash are produced— Coal fly ash - Coal fly ash is the very fine ash carried in the flue gas Bottom ash - bottom ash (or slag) is the larger, heavier particles that fall to the bottom of the hopper after combustion

Coal fly ash Primary components: Silicon dioxide, Aluminum oxide, Iron oxide, and Calcium oxide.

Extensive research has been conducted on the use of coal fly ash as a highway construction material

Bottom ash Primary components: Silicon dioxide, Aluminum oxide, Iron oxide, and Calcium oxide but with coarser grade

Bottom ash has also been marketed as an aggregate for lightweight concrete; coal boiler slag has been used as an abrasive in pavement deicing products and as a sandblasting abrasive

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Coal Fly Ash Usage for Road construction As per an estimate of Fly Ash Utilization Program (FAUP) and Technology Information Forecasting and Assessment Council (TIFAC, India) the annual fly ash generation figures are expected to reach about 170 million tons by 2012 and 225 million tons by 2017

In order to reduce the effects of these extraneous sources on the environment, it is necessary to study its physical, chemical and engineering properties and identify the fields where it can be put to proper use and so become a resource rather than undesirable waste

Fly ash can be utilized in many ways in the field of civil engineering applications, roads, railways and dam embankments

Embankments for roads and highway bridges were constructed using the fly ash to generate from coal fired power plants

Leonards & Bailey (1982) stated that load tests carried out on compacted fly ash beds show that fills materials can support large loads with small settlements

A few major projects of fly ash are such as construction of Okhla fly over bridge in Delhi using about 4,800 tonnes of fly ash

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Coal Fly Ash Usage for Road construction Construction of approach embankment of the Nizamuddin bridge in Delhi uses about 150,000 tonnes of fly ash

Embankment fill is typically an earthen material to use to create a strong stable base

The shear strength and compressibility is also important measures of the compacted material.

The use of fly ash in highway embankments and fills is the second highest use of this material. It behaves like a fine sand material but has a lower density

Embankments and fills are also the highest use application of bottom ash

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Coal Fly Ash Usage for Road construction Fly ash occurs as very fine spherical particles and is the residue of combustion of coal-originally a mixture of vegetation, clay and comprises a wide range of inorganic particles

The principal constituents of ash are silica, alumina and iron oxide The physical, chemical, and engineering properties of fly ash are dependent on the type and source of coal, method and degree of coal preparation, handling and storage methods etc.

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Construction and Design Aspect

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Road Embankment Construction & Filling Works using Fly Ash: 67 lakh Cubic Meters (Cu.M) of Pond Ash from NTPC Unchahar Station has been utilized in Allahabad By-pass Road executed by NHAI

20 lakh Cu.M of Pond Ash from NTPC Badarpur Station has been utilized in Noida -Greater Noida Expressway

About 1.5 lakh Cu.M of Pond Ash from Indraprastha thermal power station has been utilized in 2nd Nizammudin approach road embankment

About 5.0 lakh Cu.M of Pond Ash from NTPC Badarpur Station has been utilized in Yamuna Expressway & Badarpur Flyover

More than 15 lakh Cu.M of Pond Ash has been used by Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) in their Shastri Park rail car depot from NTPC Badarpur Station

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