roaring ‘20s
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Roaring ‘20s. Chapter 31. Jazz Age. 1920's collectively known as the "Roaring 20's", or the "Jazz Age" in sum, a period of great change in American Society - modern America is born at this time - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Roaring ‘20sChapter 31
Jazz Age
1920's collectively known as the "Roaring 20's", or the "Jazz Age"
in sum, a period of great change in American Society - modern America is born at this time
for first time the census reflected an urban society - people had moved into cities to enjoy a higher standard of living
A Society in Conflict
for immigrants – the point of origin had shifted to S & E Europe and new religions appeared: Jewish, Orthodox, Catholic
N. European immigrants of early 19c. feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
this fear was known as NATIVISM many wanted Congress to restrict immigration, leading to a
quota system that favoured n. areas of Europe National Origins Act
fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm. post-Bolshevik Rev.)
A Society in Conflict Wilson’s Attorney General, A. Mitchell Palmer,
wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage
he had J. Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals, many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial Italian immigrants and radicals Unfair trial – convicted and executed
KKK Anti-Black Anti-Catholic Anti-Immigrant Anti-Semitic Anti-bootleggers Anti-women’s suffrage Great rise and then fall in the 1920s
Prohibition• ““Noble Experiment”Noble Experiment” bans manufacture and sale of alcoholbans manufacture and sale of alcohol adopted in 1919 - adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT18th AMENDMENT an outgrowth of the temperance movtan outgrowth of the temperance movt in WWI, temperance became a patriotic in WWI, temperance became a patriotic
mvmt. - drunkenness caused low mvmt. - drunkenness caused low productivity & inefficiency, and alcohol productivity & inefficiency, and alcohol needed to treat the wounded needed to treat the wounded
Prohibition difficult law to enforce... difficult law to enforce...
organized crime, speakeasies, organized crime, speakeasies, bootleggers were on the risebootleggers were on the rise
Al Capone virtually controlled Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago Chicago ““Eliminated” competitionEliminated” competition Bribed police officersBribed police officers
Prohibition finally ended in Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w/ the 1933 w/ the 21st Amendment21st Amendment
Scopes Trial
Dewey – learn by doing Science vs. Religion Scopes – high school biology teacher who
was indicted for teaching evolution Defended by Clarance Darrow
Wm. Jennings Bryan prosecuted for fundamentalists
Outcome – Scopes loses, but it was a hollow victory for fundamentalists
Heroes of the ’20s Babe Ruth – homerun king Jack Dempsey – boxing king
First million dollar gate
Charles Lindbergh – pilot who crossed the Atlantic Wholesome, handsome youth
Consumerism Radio
Knitted the nation together Advertising!
By persuasion, seduction, sexual suggestion
Make Americans want more, more, more Installment Plan/Credit Hollywood Films
First Talkie – the Jazz Singer -- 1927
Consumerism Assembly line methods and mass
production techniques Frederick Taylor – father of scientific mgmt.
Eliminate wasted motion Automobile and related industries
Ford mastered the standardized assembly line By 1929, 29 million cars were registered in US Glass, rubber, fabric, service stations, etc.
women...
1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
after 1920, social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
1st birth control clinic – Margaret Sanger women didn't want to sacrifice wartime gains -
amounted to a social revolt
women... characterized by the FLAPPER/ "new
woman" (bobbed hair, short dresses, smoked in
public...) Independent Justified new sexuality with writings of
Freud – sexual repression leads to ills Danced to Jazz Music
Great Migration Great Migration
1910-1920 Hundreds of thousands of African-Americans moved
from the South to the cities of the North In search of jobs However, northern cities, in general, did not welcome
the massive influx of African-Americans Tensions escalated Approx. 25 race riots in the summer of 1919
Harlem Renaissance African American Writers
Literary movement led by well-educated, middle class African Americans
A new pride in the African American experience Celebrated heritage
Claude McKay Novelist, poet, and Jamaican immigrant Urged African Americans to resist prejudice and discrimination
Langston Hughes Harlem Renaissance’s best known poet Poems described the difficult lives of working class African
Americans Poems moved to the tempo of jazz and blues
African Americans and Jazz Jazz was born in New Orleans
Blend of instrumental ragtime and vocal blues Joe Oliver and his Creole Jazz Band traveled North to
Chicago Carried Jazz with them
Louis Armstrong Joined Oliver’s group His talent rocketed him into stardom
Jazz spread quickly to other cities Popular music for dancing
Marcus Garvey Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant)
established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride advocated racial segregation b/c of Black superiority Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa he purchased a ship to start (the Black Star line) attracted many investments: gov't charged him with
w/fraud he was found guilty and eventually deported to
Jamaica, but his organization continued to exist
UNIA Parade, 1924
1920s Literature F. Scott Fitzgerald
Great Gatsby, This Side of Paradise Commentary on false American ideals
Ernest Hemingway The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms Anti-war experience
Sinclair Lewis Babbitt – anti-conformity and materialism
Lost Generation – rebelling against American society of the 1920s