robert e. crippen, ph.d. nasa jet propulsion laboratory california institute of technology pasadena,...
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Robert E. Crippen, Ph.D.
NASA Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadena, California 91109 USA
818-354-2475
Geotechnical Engineering Earthquake Reconnaissance:Use of Remote Sensing
Wavelengths: * Visible Light & Reflectance Infrared* Radar
Platforms: * Spaceborne* Airborne
REMOTE SENSING
Using Radar Imagery:* Backscatter Images* Change Detection* Interferometry* PolarimetrySome Sensors: ERS/ENVISAT, Radarsat, Airborne
Using Visible & Reflectance Infrared:* Post-Quake-Image Direct Recognition* Change Detection (Pre-vs-Post Imagery)
* Visual* Computational
* Imaging SpectroscopySome Sensors: Quickbird, Ikonos, Aerial
TECHNIQUES
DIGITAL PROCESSING
• Correlation Images (Damage creates low)• Difference Images (Damage creates high)• Complex Coherence (Radar)
• Edge Enhancements (Movements vs Reflectance)• Texture measurements: Temporal & Spatial Changes
• Calibration / Normalization• Vegetation Masking
Bam Earthquake, IranDecember 26, 2003
CitadelBefore After
Bam Earthquake, Iran
CitadelBefore After
Quickbird Satellite
Bam Earthquake, IranDecember 26, 2003
Before After
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickbirdSatellite
September 30, 2003 January 3, 2004
University of California at Irvine (UCI) and the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI)
ImageCat Inc.and
Chiba University
Quickbird satelliteimagery ofBoumerdes, Algeria.Acquired beforeand after theMay 21st 2003earthquake.
Images courtesy of DigitalGlobe.
Ikonos Satellite Image (1 meter): Tokyo
Ikonos Satellite Image (1 meter): Manhattan, NY
LIDAR
Fault DetectionNear Seattle
LIDAR: Petronas Towers, Malaysia
Image interpretation, change detection, pancaking issue
Landers Earthquake
Fault BreakObservation
SPOT Image: 10 meters
Ikonos Image: 1 meter(Aerial Photo Simulation)
“Follow the Trace”
Radar ImagingEffects of Quake Damage
on Radar Backscatter
Weakened Signal Return Strengthened Signal Return
From: Matsuoka & Yamazaki, IGARSS 2004
Hector MineEarthquake
SAR Interferometry
16 October 1999
Gilles Peltzer, Frédéric Crampé, and Paul RosenJPL
JERS-1 interferometric imageof the Kobe, Japan area
following the 1995 earthquake,depicting surface deformation.
( JPL, GSI and NASDA)
AVIRIS: Mapping Hotspots
Environmental Studies of the World Trade Center area after the September 11, 2001 attack.
U. S. Geological Survey, Open File Report OFR-01-0429
Airborne Visible & InfraredImaging Spectrometer
(AVIRIS)
Mapping Asbestos
PROBLEMS / CONSIDERATIONS
• Clouds / Smoke / Darkness: Radar advantage
• Resolution: Visible / NIR advantage
• Acquisition Speeds: Utility and Clean-Ups
• Archive Availability• Acquisitions before quake (any at all?)• Acquisitions that match…
• Non-Quake Differences:• Seasons: vegetation and shadows• Viewing geometry (distortions & hidden areas)• Construction & non-quake demolition