Robert KochRobert Koch

Tom SouzaTom Souza

Tobey StohrTobey Stohr

Father of Bacteriology

Thank YouThank You

DefinitionsDefinitions

•Anthrax- Anthrax- Spread from animals to humans thru Spread from animals to humans thru contaminated wool, from eating uncooked meat or contaminated wool, from eating uncooked meat or breathing in airborne sporesbreathing in airborne spores

•Cholera- Cholera- An infection of the small intestines An infection of the small intestines which causes watery diarrhea. Severe dehydration is which causes watery diarrhea. Severe dehydration is a result a result

•Tuberculosis- Tuberculosis- Spread from person to person Spread from person to person thru the air, in tiny microscopic droplets. A person thru the air, in tiny microscopic droplets. A person with TB coughs or sneezes, the bacteria can be with TB coughs or sneezes, the bacteria can be inhaled by persons nearbyinhaled by persons nearby

Postulates for IndentifyingPostulates for Indentifying

• Discovered a set of guidelines for culturing bacteriaDiscovered a set of guidelines for culturing bacteria• In 1890, presented what is now called In 1890, presented what is now called Koch's Koch's

postulatespostulates, four rules still used for determining , four rules still used for determining whether a given bacteria is the cause of a specific whether a given bacteria is the cause of a specific diseasedisease

• 1. The bacteria must be present in every case of the 1. The bacteria must be present in every case of the disease.disease.2. The bacteria must be isolated from the host with 2. The bacteria must be isolated from the host with the disease and grown in pure culture.the disease and grown in pure culture.3. The specific disease must be reproduced when a 3. The specific disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the bacteria is inoculated into a pure culture of the bacteria is inoculated into a healthy susceptible host.healthy susceptible host.4. The bacteria must be recoverable from the 4. The bacteria must be recoverable from the experimentally infected host. experimentally infected host.

Early LifeEarly Life

• Born Dec 11, 1843 in Clausthal, Born Dec 11, 1843 in Clausthal, GermanyGermany

• Father’s a minerFather’s a miner

• Showed signs of significant Showed signs of significant intelligence at young age intelligence at young age

• Showed interest in Biology throughout Showed interest in Biology throughout high school high school

• Had a strong urge to travelHad a strong urge to travel

Early Life continued…Early Life continued…• In 1862, he went to the University of In 1862, he went to the University of

Gottingen Gottingen

• Worked as a volunteer medical Worked as a volunteer medical officer during the Franco-Prussian officer during the Franco-Prussian WarWar

• Worked in a hospital for general Worked in a hospital for general practice with microbiologypractice with microbiology

AnthraxAnthrax

• Sought out causes for the anthrax Sought out causes for the anthrax bacillus bacillus

• Inoculated mice with wood splinters Inoculated mice with wood splinters • Once he checked the spleen of Once he checked the spleen of

infected farm animals, he found out infected farm animals, he found out that the disease had killed them, and that the disease had killed them, and healthy mice in which he inoculated healthy mice in which he inoculated with the blood of other healthy farm with the blood of other healthy farm animals had no infection animals had no infection

Anthrax continued…Anthrax continued…

• Koch wanted to find out primary source of Koch wanted to find out primary source of anthrax anthrax

• Made culture on the surface of an ox’s eye Made culture on the surface of an ox’s eye • Found another discovery of the anthrax Found another discovery of the anthrax • Spores would cause the bacteria to be Spores would cause the bacteria to be

able to grow again once conditions were able to grow again once conditions were live sustaining again.live sustaining again.

• Theory showed that anthrax could survive Theory showed that anthrax could survive in without a host for an extended period of in without a host for an extended period of timetime

Koch gets FamousKoch gets Famous

• Continued work at the University of Continued work at the University of Breslau Breslau

• My colleagues published a journal of My colleagues published a journal of Koch’s work and quickly became Koch’s work and quickly became famous famous

• Worked for four years improving Worked for four years improving theoriestheories

Work on TuberculosisWork on Tuberculosis

• 11stst presented discovery of TB to an presented discovery of TB to an audience in 1882 audience in 1882

• Made the conclusion that 1 in 7 humans at Made the conclusion that 1 in 7 humans at that time would die from TBthat time would die from TB

• Described how I had invented a new Described how I had invented a new straining method and demonstrated for straining method and demonstrated for the audiencethe audience

• Showed the audience of the devastating Showed the audience of the devastating disease and how it was contracted disease and how it was contracted

• Work was published on April 10, 1882Work was published on April 10, 1882

Tuberculosis Continued…Tuberculosis Continued…

• Continued work on Tuberculosis as Continued work on Tuberculosis as the Head Director of the Institute of the Head Director of the Institute of Infectious DiseasesInfectious Diseases

CholeraCholera

• Koch went to Alexandria, Egypt in 1883 Koch went to Alexandria, Egypt in 1883 to do research on Vibrio Choleraeto do research on Vibrio Cholerae

• Was pronounced the leading role in the Was pronounced the leading role in the German Cholera CommissionGerman Cholera Commission

• He did his research on what the virus He did his research on what the virus was and was able to identify it was was and was able to identify it was Cholera Cholera

• He attempted to infect animals with He attempted to infect animals with cholera, but none became infectedcholera, but none became infected

Cholera continued…Cholera continued…

• Koch and his team travelled to Calcutta, India to further study Koch and his team travelled to Calcutta, India to further study the disease the disease

• In India, Koch was able to find a pure Culture of Cholera In India, Koch was able to find a pure Culture of Cholera • Made the conclusion that cholera is not susceptible to animalsMade the conclusion that cholera is not susceptible to animals• Proved the miasma theory false Proved the miasma theory false • His work proved that cholera was a human borne diseaseHis work proved that cholera was a human borne disease• He returned to Berlin in 1884 with all of his findings on Cholera He returned to Berlin in 1884 with all of his findings on Cholera • His work allowed him to formulate proper decisions on how to His work allowed him to formulate proper decisions on how to

control the Cholera outbreak control the Cholera outbreak • Some of these ideas are still used today Some of these ideas are still used today • Koch received a gift of 100,000 German Marks for his discoveryKoch received a gift of 100,000 German Marks for his discovery• His ideas also helped formulate decisions on the conservation His ideas also helped formulate decisions on the conservation

of water supplies of water supplies

Other Significant Other Significant AchievementsAchievements

• Koch was appointed the Professor of Koch was appointed the Professor of Hygiene at the University of BerlinHygiene at the University of Berlin

• He was appointed the Surgeon General in He was appointed the Surgeon General in 18901890

• In 1891, he became the professor of the In 1891, he became the professor of the new medical faculty and the director of the new medical faculty and the director of the Institute of Infectious DiseasesInstitute of Infectious Diseases

• Followed work in India and Africa on Followed work in India and Africa on malaria, black water fever, surra of cattle malaria, black water fever, surra of cattle and horses and plagueand horses and plague

Nobel PrizeNobel Prize• Koch was awarded the Nobel Prize in Koch was awarded the Nobel Prize in

Medicine Medicine

• Received a diploma directly from the Received a diploma directly from the hands of the King of Swedenhands of the King of Sweden

• Was awarded 10 million SEKWas awarded 10 million SEK

Robert Koch AwardRobert Koch Award

• Robert Koch passed away May 27, Robert Koch passed away May 27, 1910 of heart failure in Baden-Baden, 1910 of heart failure in Baden-Baden, GermanyGermany

• Since 1970, there have been a Since 1970, there have been a handful of biomedical scientists handful of biomedical scientists which have received the award for which have received the award for their work for finding new cures etc.their work for finding new cures etc.