By Fai Hon Leung

Definition of Robot:Robot is a mechanical or virtual, artificial

agents. It is usually a system that it has intent or

agency of its own by judging from its appearance or movements.

The term "robot" was first used in a play called "Rossum's Universal Robots" (R.U.R.) by the Czech writer Karel Capek in January 1921

The Impact of Robot:The types of robot’s jobs can be classified

into two major categories:assembly and finishing of productsperformance of work in dirty, dull, inaccessible

or hazardous environments.

The Impact of Robot:Assembly and finishing of products:Car production: WeldingPackaging: Packaging of manufactured goodsElectronics: Mass produced printed circuit

boards

The Impact of Robot:Dirty, dull, inaccessible or hazardous

environments :Telerobots: laparoscopic surgery Robots in home: vacuum cleaningMilitary robots

Benefits to society:Create jobs: robot technicians, salesmen,

engineers, programmers and supervisors.Industry: improved management control and

productivity and consistently high quality products.

Reduce the costs of manufactured goodsJobs which require speed, accuracy,

reliability or endurance can be performed better by a robot than a human.

Disadvantage to society: Robots can cause unemployment : semi-

skilled or low skilled employment.Robot can accidentally hurt or kill a human.

In 1979, Robert Williams was a worker at a Ford Motor Company factory

the first individuals to be killed by a robot. Williams was retrieving a part from a storage

bin when the robot's arm hit him in the head,

Ethical issues:The robots' intelligence and ability to act

could exceed humans.They were programmed to kill.Malicious programming or unsafe use of

robots.problem about sex with improved and human

like robots.

Laws for Robot:The first robotics laws

Non official but popularly use Written by Isaac Asimov, a famous science fiction writer. Introduced in his 1942 short story “Runaround”

A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.

A robot must obey orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.

A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.

The 21st century’s laws South Koran

Drafting an ethical code to prevent humans abusing robots, and vice versa since 2007.

Park Hye-Young of the ministry's robot team said that the new guidelines could imitate the Asimov’s three laws.

Laws for Robot: Japan

Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry has drafted their own robotics laws since 2007

Called a "Hugely Complex Set of Proposals" The first draft is 60-pages of civil All robots required to report any injuries they cause to the

people they are meant to be helping or protecting to a central database,

And these records are accessible by all robot-makers.Europe

Members of the European Robotics Research Network (EURON) have identified five major areas that need to be addressed in 2007

Safety, security, privacy, traceability, and identifiability Humans can both control and keep track of their robots

while ensuring that the data they collect is used only for its intended purposes.