robotically assisted laparoscopic treatment of lund...
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Lund
Robotically assisted laparoscopic treatment of
uterine anomaliesPétur V. Reynisson, MD, PhD, ConsultantSkåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Female genital tract malformations
¡ Incidence 3-7%
¡ 17% of those complex
¡ Asymptomatic; communicating
¡ Persistent dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, problems with fertility, obstetrical problems
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Female genital tract malformations
¡ Associated urological malformations
¡ High level of suspicion
¡ Careful planning
¡ Counseling and care!
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Fetal development
UpToDate
Wolfian duct = mesonephric duct
Müllerian duct = paramesonephric
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Age at diagnosis
¡ Obstructive
¡ Non-obstructive
¡ In utero?
Acién and Acién 2015
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Imaging¡ MRI
¡ Ultrasound
¡ Renogram
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Surgical intervention
Indication
¡ Pelvic pain
¡ Repeated pregnancy loss
¡ Prevention of endometriosis
¡ Prevention of rudimentary horn pregnancy
Unnecessary
¡ Unicornuate uterus
¡ Bicornuate uterus
Minimally invasive surgical options for congenital and acquired uterine factors associated with recurrent pregnancy loss. Bailey AP, Jaslow CR, Kutteh WH.Womens Health (Lond). 2015 Mar;11(2):161-7. doi: 10.2217/whe.14.81. Review.
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Robotic surgery
¡ Cervical dysgenensis
¡ Müllerian agenesis
¡ Accessory uterine mass
¡ Obstructed hemiuteri
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Table II Illustrated relationship and classification of the pathogenic findings and anatomical figures with symptoms andpathology name, following an updated embryological and clinical classification of female genital tract malformations.
Aetiopathogenic anomaly Anatomical findings Pathology name Clinical symptoms
1. Unilateral genito-urinary agenesis or hypoplasia
1.1 With contralateral mullerian agenesis Rokitansky syndrome with URA Primary amenorrhoea
1.2 Without contralateral agenesis Unicornuate uterus with contralateralRA
No symptoms.ReproductiveBreech present
2. Uterine duplicity with a blind hemivagina (or atresia) and ipsilateral RA, showing
2.1 Large hematocolpos, blind hemivagina Didelphys or bicornuate uterus withblind hemivagina and ipsilateral RA
Pain. Intra and postmenstrualdysmenorrheaPelvic tumourPostmenstrual spotting
2.2 Like Gartner’s pseudocyst Bicornuate communicating uterus,athretic blind hemivagina and ipsilateralRA. Herlyn-Werner syndrome
Pain? Cyst in anterolateral wallof vagina.Postmenstrual spotting or vaginaldischarge.
2.3 Partial reabsorption of the vaginal septum Didelphys or bicornis-bicollis uteruswith a short septum or buttonhole, andURA
No symptoms.Dyspareunia.Reproductive.Breech presentation.Obstetrical complications
2.4 Complete unilateral vaginal orcervico-vaginal atresia with communicatinguteri
Bicornis-unicollis uterus with ananomalous horn and ipsilateral RA
No symptomsReproductiveBreech presentationObstetrical complications
2.5 Idem, without communicating uteri Unicornuate uterus with contralateralunattached but cavitated rudimentaryhorn
Pain. Increasing dysmenorrheaafter surgery?
URA Symptoms as endometriosis
3. Isolated or common uterine or utero-vaginal anomalies, affecting
A. Paramesonephric or mullerian ducts
A.1. Agenesis or hypoplasias Mullerian agenesis Primary amenorrhoeaEndometriosis andcriptomenorrhea if cavitated horn
A.2. Unicornuate uterus with atreticcavitated or non-cavitated rudimentaryhorn, or segmentary atresia, or ‘unilateralRokitansky syndrome’
Unicornuate uterus; or bicornuate withcavitated noncommunicated uterinehorn or segmentary atresia
Reproductive.Breech presentationIntra or postmenstrualdysmenorrheal. Endometriosis?
Continued
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Table II Illustrated relationship and classification of the pathogenic findings and anatomical figures with symptoms andpathology name, following an updated embryological and clinical classification of female genital tract malformations.
Aetiopathogenic anomaly Anatomical findings Pathology name Clinical symptoms
1. Unilateral genito-urinary agenesis or hypoplasia
1.1 With contralateral mullerian agenesis Rokitansky syndrome with URA Primary amenorrhoea
1.2 Without contralateral agenesis Unicornuate uterus with contralateralRA
No symptoms.ReproductiveBreech present
2. Uterine duplicity with a blind hemivagina (or atresia) and ipsilateral RA, showing
2.1 Large hematocolpos, blind hemivagina Didelphys or bicornuate uterus withblind hemivagina and ipsilateral RA
Pain. Intra and postmenstrualdysmenorrheaPelvic tumourPostmenstrual spotting
2.2 Like Gartner’s pseudocyst Bicornuate communicating uterus,athretic blind hemivagina and ipsilateralRA. Herlyn-Werner syndrome
Pain? Cyst in anterolateral wallof vagina.Postmenstrual spotting or vaginaldischarge.
2.3 Partial reabsorption of the vaginal septum Didelphys or bicornis-bicollis uteruswith a short septum or buttonhole, andURA
No symptoms.Dyspareunia.Reproductive.Breech presentation.Obstetrical complications
2.4 Complete unilateral vaginal orcervico-vaginal atresia with communicatinguteri
Bicornis-unicollis uterus with ananomalous horn and ipsilateral RA
No symptomsReproductiveBreech presentationObstetrical complications
2.5 Idem, without communicating uteri Unicornuate uterus with contralateralunattached but cavitated rudimentaryhorn
Pain. Increasing dysmenorrheaafter surgery?
URA Symptoms as endometriosis
3. Isolated or common uterine or utero-vaginal anomalies, affecting
A. Paramesonephric or mullerian ducts
A.1. Agenesis or hypoplasias Mullerian agenesis Primary amenorrhoeaEndometriosis andcriptomenorrhea if cavitated horn
A.2. Unicornuate uterus with atreticcavitated or non-cavitated rudimentaryhorn, or segmentary atresia, or ‘unilateralRokitansky syndrome’
Unicornuate uterus; or bicornuate withcavitated noncommunicated uterinehorn or segmentary atresia
Reproductive.Breech presentationIntra or postmenstrualdysmenorrheal. Endometriosis?
Continued
Updated classification of genital malformations 701
at Lund University Libraries, H
ead Office on A
pril 16, 2016http://hum
upd.oxfordjournals.org/D
ownloaded from
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Table II Illustrated relationship and classification of the pathogenic findings and anatomical figures with symptoms andpathology name, following an updated embryological and clinical classification of female genital tract malformations.
Aetiopathogenic anomaly Anatomical findings Pathology name Clinical symptoms
1. Unilateral genito-urinary agenesis or hypoplasia
1.1 With contralateral mullerian agenesis Rokitansky syndrome with URA Primary amenorrhoea
1.2 Without contralateral agenesis Unicornuate uterus with contralateralRA
No symptoms.ReproductiveBreech present
2. Uterine duplicity with a blind hemivagina (or atresia) and ipsilateral RA, showing
2.1 Large hematocolpos, blind hemivagina Didelphys or bicornuate uterus withblind hemivagina and ipsilateral RA
Pain. Intra and postmenstrualdysmenorrheaPelvic tumourPostmenstrual spotting
2.2 Like Gartner’s pseudocyst Bicornuate communicating uterus,athretic blind hemivagina and ipsilateralRA. Herlyn-Werner syndrome
Pain? Cyst in anterolateral wallof vagina.Postmenstrual spotting or vaginaldischarge.
2.3 Partial reabsorption of the vaginal septum Didelphys or bicornis-bicollis uteruswith a short septum or buttonhole, andURA
No symptoms.Dyspareunia.Reproductive.Breech presentation.Obstetrical complications
2.4 Complete unilateral vaginal orcervico-vaginal atresia with communicatinguteri
Bicornis-unicollis uterus with ananomalous horn and ipsilateral RA
No symptomsReproductiveBreech presentationObstetrical complications
2.5 Idem, without communicating uteri Unicornuate uterus with contralateralunattached but cavitated rudimentaryhorn
Pain. Increasing dysmenorrheaafter surgery?
URA Symptoms as endometriosis
3. Isolated or common uterine or utero-vaginal anomalies, affecting
A. Paramesonephric or mullerian ducts
A.1. Agenesis or hypoplasias Mullerian agenesis Primary amenorrhoeaEndometriosis andcriptomenorrhea if cavitated horn
A.2. Unicornuate uterus with atreticcavitated or non-cavitated rudimentaryhorn, or segmentary atresia, or ‘unilateralRokitansky syndrome’
Unicornuate uterus; or bicornuate withcavitated noncommunicated uterinehorn or segmentary atresia
Reproductive.Breech presentationIntra or postmenstrualdysmenorrheal. Endometriosis?
Continued
Updated classification of genital malformations 701
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ead Office on A
pril 16, 2016http://hum
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Table II Continued
Aetiopathogenic anomaly Anatomical findings Pathology name Clinical symptoms
A.3. Didelphys uterus Didelphys uterus ReproductiveBreech presentation
A.4. Bicornuate uterus. Bicornis-bicollis uterus and Reproductive
Eventually, with a non-communicating cavitateduterine horn
Bicornis-unicollis uterus(non-communicating cavitated horn)
Miscarriage. Breechpresentation Inmature delivery.Retrograde menstruation
A.5. Septate uterus Septate and subseptate uterus ReproductiveMiscarriageBreech presentation Inmature andpremature delivery
A.6. Arcuate uterus Arcuate uterus Reproductive losses?
A.7. Anomalies related to DES syndrome DES syndrome. Hypoplastic andT-shaped uterus.
Infertility
Tricavitated uterus Reproductive losses
B. Mullerian tubercle
B.1. Complete vaginal or cervico-vaginalagenesis or atresia
Vaginal or cervico-vaginal atresia Primary amenorrhoeaPainCryptomenorrhea. Endometriosis
B.2. Segmentary atresias Complete or incomplete transversevaginal septum
Dyspareunia?Obstetrical problems?Or primary amenorrhoea andcryptomennorrhea
C. Both Mullerian tubercle and ducts
Complete utero-vaginal agenesis Rokitansky or MRKH syndrome Primary amenorrhoea
4. Accesory uterine masses and othergubernaculum dysfunctions
Accesory and cavitated uterine masseswith normal uterus.
Pain
Didelphic uterus without RA? DysmenorrheaTumor
5. Anomalies of the urogenital sinus Imperforated hymen. Persistenturogenital sinus. Congenitalvesico-vaginal fistula.
Cryptomenorrhea PainMenuria, Hypospadias, Cloacalfistulas
Continued
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Table II Continued
Aetiopathogenic anomaly Anatomical findings Pathology name Clinical symptoms
A.3. Didelphys uterus Didelphys uterus ReproductiveBreech presentation
A.4. Bicornuate uterus. Bicornis-bicollis uterus and Reproductive
Eventually, with a non-communicating cavitateduterine horn
Bicornis-unicollis uterus(non-communicating cavitated horn)
Miscarriage. Breechpresentation Inmature delivery.Retrograde menstruation
A.5. Septate uterus Septate and subseptate uterus ReproductiveMiscarriageBreech presentation Inmature andpremature delivery
A.6. Arcuate uterus Arcuate uterus Reproductive losses?
A.7. Anomalies related to DES syndrome DES syndrome. Hypoplastic andT-shaped uterus.
Infertility
Tricavitated uterus Reproductive losses
B. Mullerian tubercle
B.1. Complete vaginal or cervico-vaginalagenesis or atresia
Vaginal or cervico-vaginal atresia Primary amenorrhoeaPainCryptomenorrhea. Endometriosis
B.2. Segmentary atresias Complete or incomplete transversevaginal septum
Dyspareunia?Obstetrical problems?Or primary amenorrhoea andcryptomennorrhea
C. Both Mullerian tubercle and ducts
Complete utero-vaginal agenesis Rokitansky or MRKH syndrome Primary amenorrhoea
4. Accesory uterine masses and othergubernaculum dysfunctions
Accesory and cavitated uterine masseswith normal uterus.
Pain
Didelphic uterus without RA? DysmenorrheaTumor
5. Anomalies of the urogenital sinus Imperforated hymen. Persistenturogenital sinus. Congenitalvesico-vaginal fistula.
Cryptomenorrhea PainMenuria, Hypospadias, Cloacalfistulas
Continued
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Table II Continued
Aetiopathogenic anomaly Anatomical findings Pathology name Clinical symptoms
A.3. Didelphys uterus Didelphys uterus ReproductiveBreech presentation
A.4. Bicornuate uterus. Bicornis-bicollis uterus and Reproductive
Eventually, with a non-communicating cavitateduterine horn
Bicornis-unicollis uterus(non-communicating cavitated horn)
Miscarriage. Breechpresentation Inmature delivery.Retrograde menstruation
A.5. Septate uterus Septate and subseptate uterus ReproductiveMiscarriageBreech presentation Inmature andpremature delivery
A.6. Arcuate uterus Arcuate uterus Reproductive losses?
A.7. Anomalies related to DES syndrome DES syndrome. Hypoplastic andT-shaped uterus.
Infertility
Tricavitated uterus Reproductive losses
B. Mullerian tubercle
B.1. Complete vaginal or cervico-vaginalagenesis or atresia
Vaginal or cervico-vaginal atresia Primary amenorrhoeaPainCryptomenorrhea. Endometriosis
B.2. Segmentary atresias Complete or incomplete transversevaginal septum
Dyspareunia?Obstetrical problems?Or primary amenorrhoea andcryptomennorrhea
C. Both Mullerian tubercle and ducts
Complete utero-vaginal agenesis Rokitansky or MRKH syndrome Primary amenorrhoea
4. Accesory uterine masses and othergubernaculum dysfunctions
Accesory and cavitated uterine masseswith normal uterus.
Pain
Didelphic uterus without RA? DysmenorrheaTumor
5. Anomalies of the urogenital sinus Imperforated hymen. Persistenturogenital sinus. Congenitalvesico-vaginal fistula.
Cryptomenorrhea PainMenuria, Hypospadias, Cloacalfistulas
Continued
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Cervical dysgenesis
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Table II Continued
Aetiopathogenic anomaly Anatomical findings Pathology name Clinical symptoms
A.3. Didelphys uterus Didelphys uterus ReproductiveBreech presentation
A.4. Bicornuate uterus. Bicornis-bicollis uterus and Reproductive
Eventually, with a non-communicating cavitateduterine horn
Bicornis-unicollis uterus(non-communicating cavitated horn)
Miscarriage. Breechpresentation Inmature delivery.Retrograde menstruation
A.5. Septate uterus Septate and subseptate uterus ReproductiveMiscarriageBreech presentation Inmature andpremature delivery
A.6. Arcuate uterus Arcuate uterus Reproductive losses?
A.7. Anomalies related to DES syndrome DES syndrome. Hypoplastic andT-shaped uterus.
Infertility
Tricavitated uterus Reproductive losses
B. Mullerian tubercle
B.1. Complete vaginal or cervico-vaginalagenesis or atresia
Vaginal or cervico-vaginal atresia Primary amenorrhoeaPainCryptomenorrhea. Endometriosis
B.2. Segmentary atresias Complete or incomplete transversevaginal septum
Dyspareunia?Obstetrical problems?Or primary amenorrhoea andcryptomennorrhea
C. Both Mullerian tubercle and ducts
Complete utero-vaginal agenesis Rokitansky or MRKH syndrome Primary amenorrhoea
4. Accesory uterine masses and othergubernaculum dysfunctions
Accesory and cavitated uterine masseswith normal uterus.
Pain
Didelphic uterus without RA? DysmenorrheaTumor
5. Anomalies of the urogenital sinus Imperforated hymen. Persistenturogenital sinus. Congenitalvesico-vaginal fistula.
Cryptomenorrhea PainMenuria, Hypospadias, Cloacalfistulas
Continued
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J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2018 Feb;25(2):334-335.Laparoscopic Uterovaginal Anastomosis for Cervical Agenesis:A Case ReportPadmawar A, Syed R, Naval S.
J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2012 Jul-Aug;19(4):477-84. .Laparoscopic-assisted uterovaginal anastomosis in congenital atresia of uterine cervix: follow-up study.Kriplani et al
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2017
OR I G I N A L A R T I C L E
Outcomes in patients undergoing robotic reconstructiveuterovaginal anastomosis of congenital cervical and vaginalatresia
Ying Zhang | Yisong Chen | Keqin Hua
Department of Gynecology, The Obstetricsand Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University,Shanghai, China
CorrespondenceDr Keqin Hua, Department of Gynecology,The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital ofFudan University, 128 Shenyang RD, Shanghai200090, China.Email: [email protected]
Funding informationShanghai Hospital Development Center,Grant/Award Number: SHDC12015117
Abstract
Objective: To introduce our experience of robotic surgery of reconstructive uterovaginal
anastomosis and operative outcomes in congenital cervical and vaginal atresia patients.
Methods: Clinical observation and follow‐up of four patients with congenital cervical and
vaginal atresia who underwent robotic reconstruction of cervix and vagina by SIS (small intestinal
submucosa, SIS) graft.
Results: Average patient age was 13.8 ! 2.2. Patients complained of severe periodic abdom-
inal pain. Diagnosis was made according to clinical characteristics, physical examination, MRI and
classified by ESHRE/ESGE system. All patients underwent reconstruction of cervix and vagina by
uterovaginal anastomosis by SIS graft. Average operation time was 232.5 ! 89.2 min, average
blood loss was 225.0 ! 95.7 mL. After surgery, all patients have regular menstruation without
pain. Average follow up was 12 months, average vagina length was 8.9 ! 0.3 cm, average vagina
width was 2.9 ! 0.1 cm.
Conclusion: Robotic assisted reconstruction of cervix and vagina is feasible from our experi-
ence, enlarged cases and additional studies are required.
KEYWORDS
cervical atresia, robotic surgery, small intestinal submucosa (SIS) graft, uterovaginal anastomosis
1 | INTRODUCTION
Congenital cervical atresia including cervical agenesis and cervical
dysgenesis1 is a rare Mullerian abnormality of the female reproductive
tract, first reported by Ludwig in 1900.2 The incidence is about one in
every 80 000 to 100 000 births.3 It is known to be associated with
both partial and complete vaginal aplasia and renal anomalies.4 It is
defined as absent or aplasia of the cervix and characterized either by
the absolute absence of any cervical tissue or by the presence of
severely defected cervical tissue such as cervical cord or cervical
fragmentation.5 It will cause significant morbidity and mortality, if not
diagnosed and definitively treated early.
The diagnosis was made according to clinical symptom and sign,
such as amenorrhea, cyclical abdominal pain and pelvic hematometra.
Ultrasound and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) are the two most
important examinations for diagnosis. Different diagnosis include high
transverse vaginal septum and imperforate hymen.
There are several classifications of cervical atresia, including the
Buttram classification,6 the American Fertility Society Classification
of Mullerian Anomalies,7Rock. Congenital uterine cervical anomalies,8
and ESHRE/ESGE classification.5
The etiology of the disease is not very clear. Most uterine anoma-
lies result from a defect in the development or fusion of the paired
Mullerian ducts during embryogenesis. Although familial aggregations
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This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in anymedium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.© 2017 The Authors The International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Received: 12 September 2016 Revised: 19 February 2017 Accepted: 21 February 2017
DOI: 10.1002/rcs.1821
Int J Med Robotics Comput Assist Surg. 2017;13:e1821.https://doi.org/10.1002/rcs.1821
wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/rcs 1 of 6
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Case 1Non-communicating hemiuterus, renal agenesis and associated vascular aberrance
¡ 32 year old woman G0
¡ Increasing dysmenorrhea,
¡ CT scan and MRI; unconnected right hemiuteriRight site renal agenesis
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Table II Illustrated relationship and classification of the pathogenic findings and anatomical figures with symptoms andpathology name, following an updated embryological and clinical classification of female genital tract malformations.
Aetiopathogenic anomaly Anatomical findings Pathology name Clinical symptoms
1. Unilateral genito-urinary agenesis or hypoplasia
1.1 With contralateral mullerian agenesis Rokitansky syndrome with URA Primary amenorrhoea
1.2 Without contralateral agenesis Unicornuate uterus with contralateralRA
No symptoms.ReproductiveBreech present
2. Uterine duplicity with a blind hemivagina (or atresia) and ipsilateral RA, showing
2.1 Large hematocolpos, blind hemivagina Didelphys or bicornuate uterus withblind hemivagina and ipsilateral RA
Pain. Intra and postmenstrualdysmenorrheaPelvic tumourPostmenstrual spotting
2.2 Like Gartner’s pseudocyst Bicornuate communicating uterus,athretic blind hemivagina and ipsilateralRA. Herlyn-Werner syndrome
Pain? Cyst in anterolateral wallof vagina.Postmenstrual spotting or vaginaldischarge.
2.3 Partial reabsorption of the vaginal septum Didelphys or bicornis-bicollis uteruswith a short septum or buttonhole, andURA
No symptoms.Dyspareunia.Reproductive.Breech presentation.Obstetrical complications
2.4 Complete unilateral vaginal orcervico-vaginal atresia with communicatinguteri
Bicornis-unicollis uterus with ananomalous horn and ipsilateral RA
No symptomsReproductiveBreech presentationObstetrical complications
2.5 Idem, without communicating uteri Unicornuate uterus with contralateralunattached but cavitated rudimentaryhorn
Pain. Increasing dysmenorrheaafter surgery?
URA Symptoms as endometriosis
3. Isolated or common uterine or utero-vaginal anomalies, affecting
A. Paramesonephric or mullerian ducts
A.1. Agenesis or hypoplasias Mullerian agenesis Primary amenorrhoeaEndometriosis andcriptomenorrhea if cavitated horn
A.2. Unicornuate uterus with atreticcavitated or non-cavitated rudimentaryhorn, or segmentary atresia, or ‘unilateralRokitansky syndrome’
Unicornuate uterus; or bicornuate withcavitated noncommunicated uterinehorn or segmentary atresia
Reproductive.Breech presentationIntra or postmenstrualdysmenorrheal. Endometriosis?
Continued
Updated classification of genital malformations 701
at Lund University Libraries, H
ead Office on A
pril 16, 2016http://hum
upd.oxfordjournals.org/D
ownloaded from
.............................................................................................................................................................................................
Table II Illustrated relationship and classification of the pathogenic findings and anatomical figures with symptoms andpathology name, following an updated embryological and clinical classification of female genital tract malformations.
Aetiopathogenic anomaly Anatomical findings Pathology name Clinical symptoms
1. Unilateral genito-urinary agenesis or hypoplasia
1.1 With contralateral mullerian agenesis Rokitansky syndrome with URA Primary amenorrhoea
1.2 Without contralateral agenesis Unicornuate uterus with contralateralRA
No symptoms.ReproductiveBreech present
2. Uterine duplicity with a blind hemivagina (or atresia) and ipsilateral RA, showing
2.1 Large hematocolpos, blind hemivagina Didelphys or bicornuate uterus withblind hemivagina and ipsilateral RA
Pain. Intra and postmenstrualdysmenorrheaPelvic tumourPostmenstrual spotting
2.2 Like Gartner’s pseudocyst Bicornuate communicating uterus,athretic blind hemivagina and ipsilateralRA. Herlyn-Werner syndrome
Pain? Cyst in anterolateral wallof vagina.Postmenstrual spotting or vaginaldischarge.
2.3 Partial reabsorption of the vaginal septum Didelphys or bicornis-bicollis uteruswith a short septum or buttonhole, andURA
No symptoms.Dyspareunia.Reproductive.Breech presentation.Obstetrical complications
2.4 Complete unilateral vaginal orcervico-vaginal atresia with communicatinguteri
Bicornis-unicollis uterus with ananomalous horn and ipsilateral RA
No symptomsReproductiveBreech presentationObstetrical complications
2.5 Idem, without communicating uteri Unicornuate uterus with contralateralunattached but cavitated rudimentaryhorn
Pain. Increasing dysmenorrheaafter surgery?
URA Symptoms as endometriosis
3. Isolated or common uterine or utero-vaginal anomalies, affecting
A. Paramesonephric or mullerian ducts
A.1. Agenesis or hypoplasias Mullerian agenesis Primary amenorrhoeaEndometriosis andcriptomenorrhea if cavitated horn
A.2. Unicornuate uterus with atreticcavitated or non-cavitated rudimentaryhorn, or segmentary atresia, or ‘unilateralRokitansky syndrome’
Unicornuate uterus; or bicornuate withcavitated noncommunicated uterinehorn or segmentary atresia
Reproductive.Breech presentationIntra or postmenstrualdysmenorrheal. Endometriosis?
Continued
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Right uterus Right ovary Left uterus
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Non-communicating hemiuterus
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Case 1
Post surgery
¡ No dysmenorrhea
¡ Right ovarian torsion
¡ Pregnant 7+ weeks
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Case 2Rudimentary uterine horn with two non-communicating cavities
¡ 29 year old woman
¡ Gravida 2, para 2
¡ Uneventful pregnancies
¡ Vaginal deliveries with postpartum atonic bleeding
¡ Increasingly intense dysmenorrhea refractory to medical treatment
¡ Numerous emergency visits
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Case 2Rudimentary uterine horn with two non-communicating cavities
Objective
¡ fertility sparing surgery
¡ alleviation of symptoms
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Table II Continued
Aetiopathogenic anomaly Anatomical findings Pathology name Clinical symptoms
A.3. Didelphys uterus Didelphys uterus ReproductiveBreech presentation
A.4. Bicornuate uterus. Bicornis-bicollis uterus and Reproductive
Eventually, with a non-communicating cavitateduterine horn
Bicornis-unicollis uterus(non-communicating cavitated horn)
Miscarriage. Breechpresentation Inmature delivery.Retrograde menstruation
A.5. Septate uterus Septate and subseptate uterus ReproductiveMiscarriageBreech presentation Inmature andpremature delivery
A.6. Arcuate uterus Arcuate uterus Reproductive losses?
A.7. Anomalies related to DES syndrome DES syndrome. Hypoplastic andT-shaped uterus.
Infertility
Tricavitated uterus Reproductive losses
B. Mullerian tubercle
B.1. Complete vaginal or cervico-vaginalagenesis or atresia
Vaginal or cervico-vaginal atresia Primary amenorrhoeaPainCryptomenorrhea. Endometriosis
B.2. Segmentary atresias Complete or incomplete transversevaginal septum
Dyspareunia?Obstetrical problems?Or primary amenorrhoea andcryptomennorrhea
C. Both Mullerian tubercle and ducts
Complete utero-vaginal agenesis Rokitansky or MRKH syndrome Primary amenorrhoea
4. Accesory uterine masses and othergubernaculum dysfunctions
Accesory and cavitated uterine masseswith normal uterus.
Pain
Didelphic uterus without RA? DysmenorrheaTumor
5. Anomalies of the urogenital sinus Imperforated hymen. Persistenturogenital sinus. Congenitalvesico-vaginal fistula.
Cryptomenorrhea PainMenuria, Hypospadias, Cloacalfistulas
Continued
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Two non-communicating uteri
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Case 2Rudimentary uterine horn with two non-communicating cavities
¡ Uneventful peri- and postoperative course
¡ 4 month follow-up: no dysmenorrhea, normal vaginal ultrasonography
¡ 7 month follow-up: 6-week intrauterine pregnancy
¡ Uneventful vaginal delivery¡ Persson et al. Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery for a
rudimentary horn with two non-communicating cavities. J Robotic Surg (2010) 4:137-140
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Acknowledgement
¡ Jan Persson
¡ Celine Lönnerfors
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Thank you for your attention