robotics book

7/29/2019 Robotics book

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TECHNO INDIA GROUP PUBLIC SCHOOLCHINSURAH, HOOGHLY

APPTON

ROBOTICS

PRESENTED BY:Aheli Aich

Roll No : 4 Sec : BClass : IX


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ROBOTICS


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WHAT IS ROBOTICS THEWORD ROBOTICS IS USED TO COLLECTIVILYDEFINE A FIELD IN ENGINEERING THAT COVERSTHE MIMICKING OF VARIOUS HUMAN

CHARACTERISTICS SOUND CONCEPTS IN MANY ENGINEERING

DISCIPLINES IS NEEDED FORWORKING IN THISFIELD

IT FIND ITS USES IN ALL ASPECTS OF OUR LIFE


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What a Robot can mean?

An automatic industrialmachine replacing thehuman in hazardous work.

An automatic mobilesweeper machine at amodern home.

An automatic toy car for achild to play with.

A machine removing minesin a war field all by itselfand many more


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ROBOTICS

It is a field of Engineering that covers themimicking of human behavior.

Robotics includes the knowledge of

Mechanical, Electronics, Electrical &Computer Science Engineering.


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Laws of Robotics

The term robotics was coined in the 1940s by sciencefiction writer Isaac Asimov.

Asimov's Laws of Robotics:

A robot may not injure a human being, or, throughinaction, allow a human being to come to harm.

A robot must obey the orders given it by human beingsexcept where such order would conflict with the First

Law. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such

protection does not conflict with the First or SecondLaw.


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WHY ROBOTICS ?

Speed. It can work hazardous/dangerousenvironment. To perform repetitive task. Efficiency

Accuracy Adaptability


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Types of Robot

Wheeled Legged Climbing Flying


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Components of ROBOTSoStructureoPower sourceoActuationoSensingoManipulationo

Locomotion


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Structure The structure of a robot is usually

mostly mechanical and can becalled a kinematic chain.

The chain is formed of links (itsbones), actuators (its muscles), and

joints which can allow one or moredegrees of freedom.


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Power Supply

Suitable power supply is needed to run themotors and associated circuitry

Typical power requirement ranges from 3V to24V DC

220V AC supply must be modified to suit theneeds of our machine

Batteries can also be used to run robots Robotsare driven by different motors:-

o DC Motorso Stepper Motorso Servo Motors


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DC Motorso

As the namesuggests, a motorwhich uses a DC(Direct Current)power

oCan run in bothdirections

oSpeed Controllable


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Stepper Motorso Used for measured

rotationo Can be held at a

particular position ofthe shafto Ideal for many

autonomous robotsrequiring higherprecision


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Servo Motors:o Used in closed loop

control systems in whichwork is the controlvariable.

oAn integral feedback

device (resolver) ordevices (encoder andtachometer) are eitherincorporated within the

servo motor or areremotely mounted, oftenon the load itself


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ACTUATION

Actuators are the "muscles"of a robot, the parts whichconvert stored energy into

movement. The most popular actuators

are electric motors.


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MANIPULATION

Robots which must work in the real world requiresome way to manipulate objects; pick up, modify,destroy, or otherwise have an effect.

Thus the 'hands' of a robot are often referred to asend effectors, while the arm is referred to as amanipulator.

Some manipulators are:o Mechanical Gripperso Vacuum Gripperso General purpose effectors


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LOCOMOTION It is concerned with the motion of the robot. Robot contains different types of drives:-

o Differential driveo Car typeo Skid steer driveo Synchronous driveo Pivot drive

oArticulated drive


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DRIVE WHEELS DRIVE WHEELS DRIVE WHEELS DRIVE WHEELS

NONDRIVEN WHEELNONDRIVEN WHEEL

NONDRIVEN WHEEL NONDRIVEN WHEEL

DIFFERENTIAL

DRIVE

30


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STEERING WHEELS STEERING WHEELS

DRIVE WHEELSDRIVE WHEELS

ACKERMAN DRIVE


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DRIVRNFORWARD

DRIVENREVERSE

SKID STEER

DRIVE


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SYNCHRONOUS

DRIVE


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DRIVE SHAFTROTATINGPLATFORM

LOWEREDPLATFORM

PIVOT

DRIVE


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Pivot

LinearActuator

Articulated Drive


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ADVANTAGES Revolution in Medical science and Health care

systems.

New & wide scope in Education & Training. A good help in Nuclear industry. Used tremendously in Sports activities. Play the role of an efficient assistance in

Research and Development sciences. Can very well handle household business.


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FUTURE PROSPECTS

Scientists say that it is possible that a robot brainwill exist by 2019 .

Vernor Vinge has suggested that a moment may

come when computers and robots are smarter thanhumans.

In 2009, some robots acquired various forms ofsemi-autonomy, including being able to find powersources on their own.

The Association for the Advancement ofArtificial Intelligence has researched on thisproblem.


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Thank you

robotics book

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