robotics in orthodontics
TRANSCRIPT
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Robotics in Orthodontics
Dr.Umar Mohamed
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Contents • INTRODUCTION
• HISTORY
• ROBOTICS IN ORTHODONTICS
• WIRE BENDING ROBOT
• WIRE BENDING ROBOT FOR LINGUAL ORTHODONTICS
• ROBOT FOR APPLIANCE FABRICATION
• INVISALIGN AUTOMATED MANUFACTURING
• DIGITAL FABRICATION OF SPLINTS
• NANO ROBOTS IN ORTHODONTICS
• ROLE OF ROBOTICS IN RESEARCH
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES
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Introduction• The discipline of orthodontics ,since its very
inception has strived to improve the efficacy and
efficiency of orthodontics appliance through
improvement in appliance design.
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History• Ancient civilization
• In the medieval period(1136-1206) Al-Jazari
• In the renaissance Italy (1452-1519)
• The first electronic autonomous Robots(1948-1949) -
William Grey Walter . Elmer and Elsie
• The first truly modern Robot- George Devol in 1954
Unimate
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• In 1985 PUMA 560 –place needle for a brain biopsy
using CT
• In 1988 PROBOT- prostatic surgery
• The ROBODOC in 1992 was used to mill out precise
fittings in the femur for hip replacement.
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• The word robot was introduced to the public by the
Czech interwar writer Karel Čapek in his play R.U.R.
(Rossum's Universal Robots), published in 1920.
• The robot institute of America in 1979 defined Robot
as “A re proggramable, multifunctional manipulator
designed to move material,parts,tools or specialized
devices through various programmed motion for
the performance of variety of tasks .
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Robotics in Orthodontics
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• Complex tasks with precison
• Robotics devices transcend –accuracy and
efficiency
• Clinician have more time for diagnosis and
treatment planning rather than spending time on
cumbersome wire bending and appliance
fabrication
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• Scanning Solid objects with great accuracy and
ability to manipulate 3d Images that are produced
using softwares
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Robotics for Arch Wire Bending
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SURE SMILE SYSTEM• Designed to reduced errors in treatment resulting
from appliance management
• Suresmile incorperates intraoral scanning
,conebeam CT, special alloy arch wires and
precision robotic wire bending ,along
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Clinical proceduresDentition is prepared by scanning using Orascanner
Structured white light
CBCT scans
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• OraScan is intergrated with conventional
photographs and x ray.
• OraScan software
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The arch wire geometry is automatically calculated in
three dimension for the bracket positions on the target
arch.
the orthodontist selects the appropriate cross-section ,
material , and force output from the computer menu.
Electronic prescription of arch wire and customized
bracket positions
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• Treatment plan is sent –Suresmile precision
appliance center
• New OraScan for finishing wires
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The current accuracy of the
system• Orascanner -6 unblured images/sec
3500 3D points per image
accuracy of each point =50 microns
Linear error of scan is .1mm per tooth
• Wire bending –bending postioning erroe is_+1
• angular/torsional error is _+ 1 degree
• Digital bracket placement= accurate to +25
microns
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Wire Bending Robot
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• Force sensors
• Resistive Heating system
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Magazine holding straight arch wires
Conveyor belt system for mass production of arch wires
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Orametrix wire bending robot system
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Efficiency and Effectiveness of SureSmile”, Alana K. Saxe, DMD; Lenore J. Louie, MSc, DMD; James
Mah, DDS, MSc, DMSc
The research shows that the SureSmile process results in a lower mean ABO OGS score and a reduced treatment time than conventional approaches with great potential to both decrease treatment time and improve quality.
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• In 1999 AJODO Wiechmann et all reported the use
robotic arch fabrication method developed by
Orametrix system for the use customized lingual
brackets and archwire system
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Wire bending Robot for lingual orthodontics
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LAMDA Robotic wire bending
system• Developed by Alfredo Gilbert in
2011
• Designed to use in office,either
before or after bracket bonding
• Robot makes only 1st order bends
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Lingual arch wire design using LAMDA
• Digital occlusal photographs of
the study cast.
• User click on image at the distal
end of archwire and at each
point where wire will be bent by
robot
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• Allow sufficient space for the desired bracket
depth.
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• Lamda software assigns x and y coordinates to
each point using pixels as unit measurements .
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A similar protocol is followed in a patient
with brackets already bonded, but a single occlusal
photograph is used instead of a photograph of
the plaster cast.
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• Used to measure intercanine and intermolar widths
during treatment from either cast or occlusal
photographs.
• Occlusal photographs should
be taken at each appointment,
so that LAMDA can be used to
determine the caliber and
design of the next archwire
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LAMDA wire bending Robot
• Also known as cartesian
coordinate robots .
• They are often used
extended workspaces and
act on object with vertical
planes of symmetry
• It is relatively simple ,
compact and inexpensive.
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• 600 F
• The robot
manufactures
SS archwires 5 min
NiTi archwires =6 min
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The LAMDA wire-bending robot is much simpler than the robots
used in commercially outsourced systems, since it manufactures
only 1st-order bends.
Although this requires the use of the Hiro bracketpositioning
system3 for 2nd- and 3rd-order bends,
it makes the unit affordable for a solo practitioner.In addition, the
orthodontist is able to regulate the process at any time
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• BAS - It is the first ever developed robotic
CAD / CAM system for the fabrication of
customized orthodontic arch wires.
Robotics in Orthodontics
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• Prof. Helge Fischer-Brandies
invented this in 1984 and his
co-worker Dr. Wolfgang
Orthuber, together with an
engineering company
developed this hardware and
software.
Robotics in Orthodontics
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• company developed this hardware and software.
1st prototype of BAS was manufactured in 1993.
• It is used for fabrication of both labial and lingual
orthodontic wires.
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Components of BAS:• Stereoscopic camera
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Components of BAS:• A Personal Computer and its customized
software
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Components of BAS:• Arch wire bending device
Robotics in Orthodontics 437 April 2015
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Stereoscopic camera:• It consists of CCD (charged coupled
device) camera, which is protected by a
thin glass case. This glass case can be
disinfected after being used.
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Stereoscopic camera:• This is used to scan plaster models, typhodont
model or directly from patients mouth by
introducing camera into patients mouth
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Procedure–
stainless steel measuring
plates should be inserted
into bracket slots and tubes
of molar attachments. They
are secured in place with
elastomeric ligatures. These
plates are available in
different sizes for .018” and
.022” bracket system.
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Procedure
• Each dental arch
is scanned as two
quadrants; the
computer merges
the left and right
side.
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Procedure• It takes 4 sec/quadrant. Within this time the
mirror of camera moves two times forward and
backward
o Forward -110º
o Backward - 80º
• It scans using a white light (not laser) and takes
20 min to capture and format the image
Robotics in Orthodontics 487 April 2015
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Arch wire bending component
• Head of bending machine has 3
components.
, which clamps any arch wire
bending or torquing,
, which clamps any wire during
torquing and
, configurated as partial cone.Robotics in Orthodontics 497 April 2015
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Arch wire bending component
• It can be used to work with both round as well as
rectangular wires.
• Wire may be S.S., TMA or Ni-Ti alloy.
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Arch wire bending component
• Bending process starts after programming all
desired bends.
• The time taken to complete the bending process is
5-7 min.
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Advantages of BAS and Indications for its use:1) Finishing arch wires can be made with precision
pre-wires.
2) During treatment if arch wire needs any additive or
subtractive bends.
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Advantages of BAS and Indications for its use:
3) Wire breakage or deformation during
appointments can be rapidly fabricated
with BAS.
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Advantages of BAS and Indications for its use:
4) The computer will locate the ideal slot position of
brackets in relation to neighbouring brackets in
case of any breakages.
5) BAS can be used for fabricating passive full sized
arch wires required for orthognathic surgical
patients.Robotics in Orthodontics 547 April 2015
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Advantages of BAS and Indications for its use:
6) BAS can negate indiscriminate use of continuous
arch wires, during leveling procedure, which
consists of both desirable and undesirable
movements, which can be avoided.
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Advantages of BAS and Indications for its use:
7) BAS can also be used to construct T-loops or L-
loops. The present system is unable to bend a
complete loop. But working configuration of desired
loop can be fabricated and then bent into final
shape manually.
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Advantages of BAS and Indications for its use:
8) Utility arches can be made using BAS.
Robotics in Orthodontics 577 April 2015
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Advantages of BAS and Indications for its use:
9) Since any number of bends can be given using BAS
which facilitates the use standard edge wise
instead of straight wire and which saves additional
cost.
Robotics in Orthodontics 587 April 2015
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Advantages of BAS and Indications for its use:
10) Can be used for making lingual retainer
11) Splinting on avulsed teeth
12) Patients database can be stored in
memory
Robotics in Orthodontics 597 April 2015
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Shortcomings of BAS1. Time required for insertion of the measuring plates
for their identification. This can be rectified by
keeping standardized markers on orthodontic
brackets.
2. Though it is designed accurately we cannot
precisely predict the tooth movement to applied
forces, so clinical judgment is still vital.
3. Steel wire material presently used (recommended
by BAS) deform very readily.
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Invisalign automated manufacturing process
• Requires from 6-40 sequential appliances per arch.
• Instead, Align Technology uses stereolithography
technology to create its reference models, making
the orthodontic industry the first to bring on-demand
digital manufacturing to commercial production
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Nanorobotics in Orthodontics
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• Nanotechnology refers to the science and engineering activities at the level of atoms and molecules
• Nanomedicine is the process of diagnosing treating and preventing disease and traumatic injury of relieving pain and of preserving and improving human health through the use of Nano scale structured materials biotechnology and genetic engineering and eventually complex molecular machine systems and Nano robots using molecular tools and molecular knowledge of human body
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• Nanorobots would constitute any smart struture
capable of actuation sensing signaling, information
processing ,intelligence manipulation and swarm
behavior at nano scale