rock roots 4: gospel, tin pan alley, and the “latin tinge”
TRANSCRIPT
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Rock Roots 4:Rock Roots 4:
Gospel, Tin Pan Alley, Gospel, Tin Pan Alley, and the “Latin tinge”and the “Latin tinge”
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GospelGospel
• Combination of blues + spirituals + Combination of blues + spirituals + European hymnsEuropean hymns
• Emerges as separate Emerges as separate genregenre (category of (category of music) c. 1930music) c. 1930
• First songs in genre by Thomas A. Dorsey, First songs in genre by Thomas A. Dorsey, aka Georgia Tom (“It’s Tight Like That)aka Georgia Tom (“It’s Tight Like That)
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Gospel QuartetsGospel Quartets• Gospel songs often performed by small Gospel songs often performed by small
ensemblesensembles
• Quartets developed unique soundQuartets developed unique sound– a capellaa capella (unaccompanied) singing (unaccompanied) singing– one person sings melodyone person sings melody– others accompany byothers accompany by
• imitating instrumentsimitating instruments
• vocalizing with ooohs, shoo-bops, or other soundsvocalizing with ooohs, shoo-bops, or other sounds
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Golden Gate Jubilee Quartet - Golden Gate Jubilee Quartet - Golden Gate Gospel TrainGolden Gate Gospel Train
• backing vocalists imitate train - “backing vocalists imitate train - “vocal vocal percussion”percussion”
• swinging, eight-beat feelswinging, eight-beat feel
• riff-based accompanimentriff-based accompaniment
• highly syncopatedhighly syncopated
• call and response between lead and backing call and response between lead and backing vocalsvocals
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Soul Stirrers, Jesus I’ll Never Soul Stirrers, Jesus I’ll Never ForgetForget
• More pop music influenceMore pop music influence• Rhythmic freedom of vocal lineRhythmic freedom of vocal line
– Flourishes = Flourishes = melismas melismas = more than one = more than one note per syllable of textnote per syllable of text
– Signature of gospel styleSignature of gospel style• Instrumental accompaniment - voice and Instrumental accompaniment - voice and
pianopiano
• Clear blues influenceClear blues influence
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Mahalia JacksonMahalia Jackson• Vocal style clearly influenced by bluesVocal style clearly influenced by blues• Blue notes, pentatonic (five-note) scale, and Blue notes, pentatonic (five-note) scale, and
Western harmoniesWestern harmonies• Accompanying instrumentsAccompanying instruments
– electric keyboardelectric keyboard– Hammond organ - typical “gospel sound”Hammond organ - typical “gospel sound”
• Ex. Move On Up A Little HigherEx. Move On Up A Little Higher
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Folk MusicFolk Music
• Old-time, mountain music doesn’t catch on Old-time, mountain music doesn’t catch on commercially in same way commercially in same way
• Re-emerges as folk musicRe-emerges as folk music
• Begins early 1930sBegins early 1930s
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Rise of folk music due to:Rise of folk music due to:• Public works project in DepressionPublic works project in Depression
• John Lomax and son Alan record African-John Lomax and son Alan record African-Amercian folk songs in southAmercian folk songs in south
• Union building activities, labor rallies in Union building activities, labor rallies in NYC provide audienceNYC provide audience
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Woody GuthrieWoody Guthrie
• Combined country music, old-time music, Combined country music, old-time music, pop songs, cowboy songs into new musical pop songs, cowboy songs into new musical stylestyle
• Topical lyrics in pop music frameworkTopical lyrics in pop music framework
• Plain singing stylePlain singing style
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Tin Pan AlleyTin Pan Alley
• New York center of music publishing New York center of music publishing business (near 28th St.) beginning c. 1880sbusiness (near 28th St.) beginning c. 1880s
• Professional songwriters employed in Professional songwriters employed in “factories” to turn out songs“factories” to turn out songs
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Tin Pan AlleyTin Pan Alley
• Initially songs in the mold of Stephen Initially songs in the mold of Stephen Foster hits (Old Folks at Home, Camptown Foster hits (Old Folks at Home, Camptown Races)Races)
• Incorporated whatever styles rose to Incorporated whatever styles rose to popularity - vaudeville, Broadway reviews, popularity - vaudeville, Broadway reviews, jazz, ragtime, blues, etc.jazz, ragtime, blues, etc.
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Popular Song to 1950Popular Song to 1950• gently flowing, “conversational” melodiesgently flowing, “conversational” melodies
• melody + accompanimentmelody + accompaniment
• lightly syncopated, jazz/blues inflected lightly syncopated, jazz/blues inflected singing or playingsinging or playing
• conversational lyricsconversational lyrics
• influence of dance rhythmsinfluence of dance rhythms
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The “Latin Tinge”The “Latin Tinge”
• Jazz, later rock, contain hints of Latin Jazz, later rock, contain hints of Latin American musicAmerican music
• Themselves fusions of European music, Themselves fusions of European music, African music, native musics of Central and African music, native musics of Central and South American countriesSouth American countries
• Main types: rumba and mamboMain types: rumba and mambo
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Rumba Rumba
• Dance popularized in 1930sDance popularized in 1930s
• Introduced by Cuban bandleader Don Introduced by Cuban bandleader Don AzpiazúAzpiazú
• Injected into American musical mixInjected into American musical mix– Afro-Cuban percussion: conga drums, bongos, Afro-Cuban percussion: conga drums, bongos,
maracas, clavesmaracas, claves– Clave rhythmClave rhythm
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Clave rhythmClave rhythm
• Pattern of accents that are contrary to beatPattern of accents that are contrary to beat
• Analogous to backbeat in African-American Analogous to backbeat in African-American influenced musicinfluenced music
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 +
C C C C CC C C C C
• Ex. El ManiseroEx. El Manisero