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Boldly going where no man or woman has gone before!

GRAVITY!

SPACE!

Earth is HOLDING us back!

Space is EMPTY and cannot support life!

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Gravity is the force that pulls all objects

towards the center of the Earth

Spacecraft need to use massive rockets in order to

produce this thrust!

Spacecraft produce a very large force, called thrust, to overcome the force of gravity.

T

H

R

U

S

T

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While not a rocket, Hero’s engine did demonstrate the main principle of propulsion – for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

10 AD – 70 AD

First true rockets! The Chinese attached tubes of gunpowder to arrows or bamboo poles. The burning end created thrust which launched the rocket into the enemy before exploding! 1232 AD

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Wan Hu’s Rocket Chair! Chinese legend describes how Wan Hu attached 47 rockets to a chair in an attempted spaceflight. When the smoke cleared, Wan Hu had disappeared, never to be seen again. Think he made it?

16th Century AD

Described inertia – objects in motion tend to stay in motion!

The idea of inertia would become

Newton’s First Law!

Galileo

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Developed the three Laws of Motion which are the foundation for all modern rocket science!

1. Law of Inertia – Objects will continue moving or stay at rest until a force acts upon them!

2. Force = Mass x Acceleration – The faster you move a large mass, the more force you get!

3. For every action, there is an opposite and equal reaction

Isaac Newton

Robert H. Goddard March 16, 1926

Designed • Liquid propellant rocket • Gyroscope • Payload compartments • Parachute recovery system

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1942: Vergeltungswaffe 2 (V2) Wernher von Braun

• Powerful rocket fueled by a mixture of alcohol and liquid oxygen

• Developed by von Braun, it entered the war too late to help

• Following the war, many scientists (including von Braun) went to America along with many unused V2 rockets

Alan Shepherd, Jr. makes suborbital flight in

Mercury space capsule

John Glenn becomes the first American to orbit

Earth in a Mercury capsule

May 5, 1961 February 20, 1962 1965 – 66

Gemini space capsules were used to prepare for

the moon landing

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Tallest Rocket

Heaviest Rocket

Most Powerful Rocket

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Originally, the STS (another name for the Space Shuttle) was designed to accomplish two goals:

1. Create a reusable spacecraft

2. Support further space exploration initiatives such as –

a.Permanent orbiting space stations around the Earth and Moon

b.Human landing mission to Mars

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What are the potential benefits of having a reusable spacecraft?

Saves Money – reusable spacecraft means you don’t have to build a new one every time you want to go up into space so that money can be used for other projects

Saves Time – you don’t have to wait until a new spacecraft is built which means you can have more missions to space

Shuttle Statistics • 30 Years • 135 Missions • 3.5 million pounds of cargo –

including the Hubble Space Telescope

• 21,000 orbits • 833 total crewmembers

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With NASA retiring the Space Shuttle, new alternatives must be developed for further adventures into space.

•World’s most powerful rocket • Flexible and evolvable • Increased payload size •Robotic scientific missions

to Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn

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These engines generate over 3.8 million pounds of thrust – equal to fifteen 747’s at full power!

• Reusable spacecraft

• 7 crew members

• Enhanced safety and performance features

• Designed for simple maintenance and quick turnaround

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New Horizons – Pluto July 2015

Don Quixote – Asteroid Impact 2015

InSight – Mars Drilling Expedition 2016

Venera D – Venus 2016

Juno – Jupiter 2016

SOLO – Sun January 2017

SLS – Moon December 2017

Inspiration – Mars January 2018

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ISS Decommissioned January 2020

Mars One Habitat 20xx

Voyager 1 & 2 – Interstellar Space

2xxx

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Characteristics of Mars • 3/8 the gravity of Earth (160 lbs

on Earth = 60 lbs on Mars) • Radiation reaches the surface • Carbon dioxide atmosphere • Very cold down to – 220F° • No liquid water • Seasons twice as long

(Mars orbit is 687 days!)

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Essential Question: What kinds of habitats can

be designed to support extended human

activity in space or on Mars?

Essential Mission: Design a research habitat

that will allow six researchers to live on Mars

for an extended period of time. Researchers

must be able to maintain physical health and a

good quality of life.

What is an ecosystem?

1 A community of interacting biotic

(living) and abiotic (non-living)

factors

2 Involves the movement or transfer

of energy

3 Involves the cycling and recycling of elements and materials

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• More advanced shelter to protect from radiation, micro-meteorites, dust, vacuum of space, and temperature extremes

• Reductions in water use since water is not readily available • Breathable air • Food must be brought and stored, or grown on site • Medical facilities for both major and minor health concerns • Sleeping quarters • Exercise facilities for cardiovascular and musculoskeletal

maintenance • Temperature regulation to handle temperature extremes • Communications systems • Recycling or disposal of liquid and solid waste • Monitoring systems for life-support systems • Food preparation and eating areas • Work areas and laboratory space for experiments

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Life in a Sealed Container

Guiding Questions: What are the

important characteristics of a

successful habitat? What modifications

are necessary for a successful habitat

on Mars?

Task to be assessed: Students will

design a habitat and explain why it

should be successful on Mars.

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1. http://video.mit.edu/watch/heros-engine-6362/ (Hero’s Engine)

2. http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/32377-massive-engines-chinese-fire-arrow-video.htm (Massive Engines: Chinese Fire Arrow)

3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vO6I5OZpRDI (Ancient Chinese and Korean Rocket Technology Demonstrated)

4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qgnmc51ImUs (Kung-Fu Panda Flying)

5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXmZtjnWZKA (Launch of 1st Liquid Fuel Rocket – March 16, 1926)

6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OdBh54MoZRE (V2 Rocket Failures)

7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FzCsDVfPQqk (High Quality – Apollo 8 Saturn V Rocket Launch)

8. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OnoNITE-CLc (Space Shuttle Launch)

9. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NCWunnJXdm0 (NASA Antares Rocket Launch Failure)

10. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqlIeKBaoLc (Virgin Galactic Crash)

11. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v-uaIjTJLdE (Planet 51 Rover)