ROCKS AND MINERALSRed Book

Chapter 9 Sections 1-3

Chapter 9 Section 1-

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Mineral-inorganic solid material with a particular chemical makeup and orderly arrangement of atoms

Minerals form from magma, lava, evaporation, or precipitation.

Mineral formation clues include ___ and _____________________.

Properties of Minerals

1. Crystals-repeating pattern of atoms *Gypsum*

2. Cleavage-(smooth/thin sheets) *Mica/Talc*or Fracture (rough/jagged clumps) *Quartz*

3. Color-(color it appears to be) or Streak (test done on tile) *Pyrite/Hematite*

4. Luster- _______(shiny) ________(dull)

5. Hardness-Other mineral, Fingernail, penny, nail, glass plate, steel file (1-10 Mohs Scale)

*Gypsum=2.5 (fingernail), Quartz =7 (streak plate)* 6. Specific Gravity-to an equal volume of water 7. Other- magnetism *Magnetite*, Reaction to Acid

(hydrochloric acid) *Calcite*, Double Image *Calcite*, and Taste (salty) *Halite*

Examples-Mica, Quartz, Pyrite, Calcite, Gypsum, Talc, Hornblende, Feldspar, Hematite, and Magnetite.

Chapter 9 Section 2-

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Igneous Rocks form when melted rock material from inside Earth cools.

_________ _________Cools on Earth’s surface Cools below Earth’s surface

Lava MagmaDark Color Light Color

Smooth/No crystals-Cools Fast Large Crystals Cools Slow

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Chapter 9 Section 2-

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Sedimentary Rocks sediment collect in layers.(wind-ice-gravity-water)

Detrital ChemicalOrganic

Chapter 9 Section 3-

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Metamorphic Rocks form when existing rocks are heated or squeezed but not melted; they look different and have recrystallized-may change chemically, too.

Foliated NonfoliatedVisible layers No visible layers

*Rocks change from one type to another over millions of years

*A rock in ANY part of the cycle could become any other kind of rock

*Time, pressure, heat, and events such as erosion and moving land masses, make new rocks out of old rocks

The Rock Cycle - Red Book pg 275

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