rocks, soils and minerals 1
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This is a modified presentation from "duncanpatti" here on slideshare.TRANSCRIPT
Soils, Rocks and Minerals
What is a Mineral?What is a Mineral? Naturally-formed Naturally-formed solidsolid substance with a substance with a crystalcrystal
structurestructure There are about 4000 types of minerals on earth.There are about 4000 types of minerals on earth.
Pyromorphite
What do all minerals What do all minerals have in common?have in common?
All:All:1.1. Are formed by Are formed by naturalnatural processes. processes.
2.2. Are Are NOTNOT alive and NEVER were alive alive and NEVER were alive
3.3. Are elements or compounds with a Are elements or compounds with a uniqueunique chemical makeupchemical makeup
4.4. Are made up of particles that are arranged Are made up of particles that are arranged in a pattern that is repeated over and over in a pattern that is repeated over and over (called a (called a CRYSTALCRYSTAL))
Groups of MineralsGroups of Minerals
Minerals are grouped by the Minerals are grouped by the elements they are made of.elements they are made of.
Amethyst
Beryl (Emerald) Calcite
Carbonates are made from
carbon
Silicates are made from
silicon
Oxidates are made from
oxygen
Phosphates are made from
phosphorus
Mineral GroupMineral Group CharacteristicsCharacteristics ExamplesExamples
SilicatesSilicates
Contain Contain oxygenoxygen & & silicasilicaThe most The most abundantabundant group of group of mineralsminerals
Quartz, micaQuartz, mica
MICA Quartz
Mineral GroupMineral Group CharacteristicsCharacteristics ExamplesExamples
Non-SilicatesNon-Silicates
Make up only Make up only 5%5% of the of the Earth’s crustEarth’s crustInclude some Include some of the most of the most important important mineralsminerals
iron, copper, iron, copper, gold, silver, gold, silver, diamonds, diamonds, rubiesrubies
Silver
GoldRuby Iron
Copper
Diamond
Mineral GroupMineral Group CharacteristicsCharacteristics ExamplesExamples
CarbonatesCarbonates Carbon & Carbon & oxygen and a oxygen and a positive ion, positive ion, such as such as calciumcalcium
Calcite Calcite (CaCO(CaCO33))
Calcite with Duftite inclusions
Mineral GroupMineral Group CharacteristicsCharacteristics ExamplesExamples
OxidesOxides Metallic ion Metallic ion and oxygenand oxygen
Hematite Hematite (Fe(Fe22)O)O33
How do minerals form?How do minerals form?
1) Cooling of 1) Cooling of magmamagma (hot, (hot, liquid liquid rockrock and minerals inside the earth and minerals inside the earth
2) Elements dissolved in 2) Elements dissolved in liquidsliquids (usually water)(usually water)
Uses of MineralsUses of Minerals
Minerals are used all around us!!Minerals are used all around us!!
Answer in NotebookAnswer in Notebook
1. What are the 4 characteristics that all minerals share?
2. What element do all phosphate minerals contain?
3. What are two examples of silicates?4. What type of minerals are diamonds and gold?5. What are the two ways minerals form?6. What mineral is used in drywall?