rocks unit p.94
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Rocks Unit P.94. Set Up Your Cornell Notes Open your big red textbook to page 94. Hand in your progress report Late work is due, grades go in the computer tomorrow. Rocks Unit P.94. Standard IIIA: Earth Structure and Processes - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Rocks Unit P.94
Set Up Your Cornell Notes
Open your big red textbook to page 94.
Hand in your progress report
Late work is due, grades go in the computer tomorrow.
Rocks Unit P.94
Standard IIIA: Earth Structure and ProcessesThe student will identify Earth’s composition, structure
and processes.
The student will classify and identify rocks and minerals using characteristics including but not limited to density, hardness and streak.
The student will describe the various processes and interactions of the rock cycle.
Learning Objectives – Rocks & the Rock Cycle Describe the rock cycle and each of its
processes. Describe the three types of rocks, how they
formed and how they are classified and identified.
Be able to identify rocks as either Igneous, Metamorphic or Sedimentary.
.
Minerals make up rocks.
Natural compounds and elements combine to form minerals.
Elements combine to form the natural compounds.
Rocks make up the Earth.
There is a hierarchy to the elements of Geology
Atoms make up elements.
Rocks and the Rock CycleChapter 4
Rock -
a mixture of one or more minerals, mineraloids, volcanic glass and/or organic (living) matter
Rocks and the Rock CycleChapter 4
The Rock Cycle:
Shows the processes by which Earth materials change to form the 3 different types of rocks.
Interactive Rock Cycle Animation
http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es0602/es0602page02.cfm?chapter_no=investigation
Rocks
Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary
Where Formed Chemical Composition Layers? How Formed
Intrusive
Extrusive
Basaltic
Andesitic
Granitic
Detrtital
Chemical
Organic
Foliated Non-Foliated
Rocks
Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary
Where Formed
Chemical Composition
Layers?How
Formed
Intrusive
Extrusive
Basaltic
Andesitic
Granitic
Detrtital
Chemical
Organic
FoliatedNon-
Foliated
Granite Gabbro
Basalt Rhyolite
Basalt Gabbro
Andesite Diorite
Rhyolite Granite
Slate
Gneiss
Marble Greenstone Sandstone Shale
Limestone Rock Salt
Chalk Coal
Rocks and the Rock CycleChapter 4 Page. 96
There are three main types of rocks:
1. Igneous – rocks formed from magma or lavaClassified based on
A. Origin (Where & How they formed)– Intrusive or ExtrusiveB. Texture (size of crystals/grains)
C. Chemical (Mineral) composition.– (Basaltic or Andesitic or Granitic)
2. Metamorphic – rocks changed from heat and pressure deep underground
Classified based on their texture.– (Foliated or Non-foliated)
3. Sedimentary – rocks formed from compacted sediments Classified based on the composition & origin of the sediments.
– (Detrital or Chemical or Organic)
Classifying Igneous Rocks
IGNEOUS ROCKS - rocks that formed from the cooling and crystallization of magma or lava.
– Igneous rocks are classified three ways;1. by where they were formed (Intrusive or
Extrusive)
2. Texture (size of crystals)
3. by their chemical composition. (Basaltic or Andesitic or Granitic)
Rhyolite
Igneous Rocks - Origin
1. Extrusive igneous rocks (aka Volcanic rocks) form at the earth's surface as lava cools.– Forms small crystals (can’t see with naked eye).
– These rocks have a fine (small) crystalline texture.
– Examples• Basalt
• Rhyolite
• Scoria (no crystals)
• Pumice (no crystals)
• Obsidian (no crystals)
Igneous Rocks - Origin
2. Intrusive igneous rocks (aka Plutonic Rocks) form deep underground where magma cools slowly.– Forms large crystals to form that are easily seen.– These rocks have a coarse (large) crystalline texture.
Examples:– Granite– Gabbro
Igneous rocks are also classified by their chemical composition.
1. Basaltic (aka Mafic) Igneous rocks – composed of mostly Iron (Fe) and Magnesium (Mg).– dark and higher densities
Examples: Basalt, Gabbro
2. Andesitic Igneous rocks (aka Intermediate chemical composition).
– Chemically In between granitic and basaltic.Examples: Andesite, Diorite
3. Granitic (aka Felsic) Igneous rocks– composed mostly of Silicon (Si), Oxygen (O) and Aluminum
(Al).– Light in color and lower densityExamples: Granite, Rhyolite
Igneous Rocks - Chemical Composition
Igneous Rocks P. 93
BasalticComposition
IntermediateComposition
GraniticComposition
How do Metamorphic Rocks Form? P. 110 Set up Your Cornell Notes
Open Your Text To Page 110.
Hand in Classifying Igneous Rocks
Progress Reports Due Thursday
Metamorphic Rocks P. 110 Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have been changed in form due
to heat, pressure, and chemical alteration deep underground.– They are classified by the arrangement of the mineral grains
1. FOLIATED – The mineral grains flatten and line up in parallel bands or layers.
Examples of foliated Metamorphic Rocks– Slate – Schist – Gneiss
2. NONFOLIATED - Mineral grains change, grow and rearrange but don’t form bands.
Examples of non-foliated Metamorphic Rocks– Marble – Quartzite
Metamorphic Rocks DO NOT MELT! Minerals can grow larger in size. Elements can rearrange and bond with
different elements in the rock to form new minerals.
– Example : Pick up the Greenstone on your desk
Metamorphic Rocks P. 110
Metamorphic Rocks P. 110
There are Levels of Metamorphism
– Slate (less heat & pressure)
– Phyllite
– Schist
– Gneiss (more heat & pressure)
Examples of rocks changing into met. Rocks due to heat and pressure.
– Shale (sed) changes to slate
– Basalt (Ig) changes to schist
– Basalt (Ig) can also change to greenstone
– Sandstone (sed) changes into Quartzite
– Slate (met) changes into phyllite (met) then schist (met) then gneiss (met)
– Granite (Ig) changes into granite gneiss
Metamorphic Rocks P. 110
Sedimentary Rocks P.102
Hand in Metamorphic Rocks (assigned Friday).
Open Your Text To Page 102
Set Up Your Cornell Notes
Sedimentary Rocks P. 102
Sediments are broken pieces of rocks and minerals.– Clay, silt, sand, gravel, cobble, boulder are sizes of
sediments
Weathering is the process of breaking rocks into smaller pieces by wind, water, glaciers and gravity.
Erosion and deposition is the process of MOVING (transporting) these materials.
Sedimentary Rocks P. 102
Sedimentary Rocks form when sediments are compacted (squeezed) and cemented (glued) together.
Sedimentary rocks can also be formed by evaporation or precipitation from solution.
Most sedimentary rocks are formed of layers of materials that have washed into lakes, rivers, and the ocean.
There are 3 groups of Sedimentary Rocks 1. Clastic (detrital) Sedimentary Rocks
form from bits and pieces of other rocks. 2. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks consist
of minerals deposited from a solution. 3. Organic Sedimentary Rocks consist of
organic matter such as plants and animal remains.
Sedimentary Rocks P. 102
Sedimentary Rocks
1. Detrital (Clastic) Sedimentary Rocks Rocks formed from the compaction and
cementation of sediments.
Weathering and erosion by gravity, rivers, ice/glaciers, wind, and waves carry sediment.
Examples– Conglomerate– Sandstone – Shale
Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
2. Organic Sedimentary Rocks
Organically-formed sedimentary rocks form from the remains of plants and animals.
Examples Fossil limestone Coal Coquina Chalk
Why can’t igneous or metamorphic rocks have fossils?
Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
3. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks
Chemically-formed sedimentary rocks come from minerals carried in solution into lakes and seas.
The minerals that form the rock precipitate out or are left when the solution evaporates.
Examples Limestone (calcium carbonate) Gypsum (calcium sulfate) Salt (sodium chloride)
Rocks and the Rock Cycle - Chapter 4 PowerPoint Presentation
You and your group will create a PowerPoint Presentation on three types of rock and the rock cycle.
Each member is responsible for completing the research for the presentation using his/her textbook. Use the handout provided and complete the outline. Each member completes a section of the outline. All members then review the information and check for accuracy.
All members work together in putting the information into the slide show. *You cannot begin the show until your research is completed.
Diagrams, examples and pictures of rocks can be added by using the links on our web site.
Copy, Paste any pictures you use – do NOT save them on the computer!
Save all work into your group’s folder.
Rocks and the Rock Cycle - Chapter 4 PowerPoint Presentation
Rubric for Scoring: Possible Earned Title Slide with names and group picture 3 pts. _____ Metamorphic rock is formed when 3 pts. _____ Types of metamorphic rock and definitions 4 pts. _____ Examples: picture and name (2) 4 pts. _____ Igneous rock is formed when 3 pts. _____ Types of igneous rock and definitions 4 pts. _____ Examples: picture and name (2) 4 pts. _____ Sedimentary rock is formed when 3 pts. _____ Types of sedimentary rock and definitions 6 pts. _____ Examples: picture and name (3) 6 pts. _____ The Rock Cycle explanation 6 pts. _____ Rock Cycle Diagram 4 pts. _____ Questions/Presentation 5 pts. _____
Total 55 pts. _____
Type your title here
Group Name:
Members:
Metamorphic Rock by:
Metamorphic rock is formed when
Types of metamorphic rock:
Examples:
Igneous Rock by:
Igneous rock is formed when
Types of igneous rock:
Examples:
Sedimentary Rock by:
Sedimentary rock is formed when
Types of sedimentary rock:
Examples:
The Rock Cycle by:
Explanation:
Questions by:
1.
2.
3.
Monday January 12, 2009
Get out your Roger rough draft.– Due Today with Roger changing three times.
– Underline sentence where Roger changes.
1. Revisions: Re-read your paper (especially the changes) and revise using Post-its (at least 3)
2. Mr Anderson will grade your rough draft TODAY!
3. Final Paper AND rough draft are due Friday.