rod duncan fpia good city consultancy multi-stranded resilience through strong city centres
TRANSCRIPT
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Rod Duncan FPIAGood City consultancy
Multi-stranded resiliencethrough
strong city centres
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Rod Duncan
• Planning practitioner & educator• Various public sector roles mainly in
‘regional capitals’ (including Bendigo & Geelong)
• Associate Professor, Deakin Uni 2010-14• Fellow & c’tee of Planning Institute of Aust.
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Rod Duncan
• Good City consultancy since 2010.• Advising local govt, business & community
bodies, esp. on strengthening city centres.• Recent review of 30 ‘western’ cities across
UK, USA, Canada and Europe
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MONTREAL VANCOUVER
SAN FRANCISCO PORTLAND
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BRISTOL LONDON
TURIN BIRMINGHAM
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3 Key points
• Strong city centres are potentially the single best thing for achieving resilience –
social cohesion, economic prosperity & envt’l sustainability
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3 Key points
• Strong city centres are potentially the single best thing for achieving resilience –
social cohesion, economic prosperity & envt’l sustainability
• To achieve our preferred future, we need to rediscover Planning.
[& why Plan Melbourne is dangerous!]
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3 Key points
• Strong city centres are potentially the single best thing for achieving resilience –
social cohesion, economic prosperity & envt’l sustainability
• To achieve our preferred future, we need to rediscover Planning.
[& why Plan Melbourne is dangerous!]
• Tools for transition – we need structures, processes & skills that are ‘fit for purpose’
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The imperatives• Climate change / Global warming / GHG• Peak oil, congestion & amenity
• Population growth• Demographic and technological changes• Natural disasters – greater frequency & severity
• Economic shocks – the new normal?
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The imperatives• Climate change / Global warming / GHG• Peak oil, congestion & amenity
= Low carbon future (by policy or scarcity)
• Population growthMelbourne: + 100,000 per year (~2.5%)(unusually rapid for a Western city)
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The big challenges• Acute vulnerability of Australian cities due
to high car dependency• Rapid transformation – is required (and
already happening due to growth)
• but … have we aligned outcomes to the needs of our imminent future?
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Resilience – my take:
• Social, economic & environmental• Social participation, inclusion & cohesion• Economic diversity & prosperity• Environmentally sustainable
• Inter-dependent & mutually beneficial
[In urban affairs Everything is connected to everything else.]
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It doesn’t matter which tentacle you pull …
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It doesn’t matter which tentacle you pull …you’ll always get an octopus.
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http://www.vcccar.org.au/publication/think-tank-report/toward-resilient-regional-city-centres
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Resilience is “a multi-stranded rope”Capacity to absorb & recover from shocks- economic, social & environmental robustness
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1. Strong city centres• Busy, multi-functional cluster of usesat the hub of transport networks (local, region, capital link)
• Diversity of functions in close proximity to each other(‘agglomeration’ benefits – generate economic activity, alliances, innovation)
• Well connected to all; variety of transport modes (not dependent on car use)
• Change pressures need managing to safeguard ‘the public interest’ - forward strategy & active brokering
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[multi-functional hub]
retailing
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[multi-functional hub]
retailing
ADMINISTRATIONcivic
offices restaura
nts
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[multi-functional hub]
retailing
ADMINISTRATIONcivica
rts
offices
transport hub
trade services
cinemas
hospitality
restaurantslibrary
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[multi-functional hub]
retailingcult
ure
ente
rtain
ment
ADMINISTRATION
churches
civicarts
offices
transport hub
trade services
cinemas
hospitality
Hospital
SCHOOLS
sports
university
BANKS
restaurantsa
ccom
mod
ati
on
library
park
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EXETER
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Multiple values of strong city centres
• Economic - diverse, ‘agglomerated’ stimulating innovation
• Social - identity, pride, inclusion, cohesion, participation
• Environmental - greatest prospect for achieving sustainability
(= thriving survival)
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Economic prosperity
• Diversified economic base – resilient to shocks
• Enhanced by ‘agglomeration’ of businesses & non-business activities in physical proximity
• Incidental / random encounters generate new enterprises & stimulate innovation
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Social cohesion & identity
• Civic pride & distinctive identity
• Ready recognition – tourists; policy-makers
• Inclusion and participation (workforce, community)
• Venue for formal & informal activities & celebrations
• Sense of ownership & belonging
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Sustainability
• Arguably the greatest prospect for achieving environmental sustainability
• Ready access without requiring private car
• Multi-purpose journeys along efficient links
Easy benchmark for decisions: “Will more people need to use a car?”
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BIRMINGHAM
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2. Re-discover Planning• Planning ≠ development administration
- just one consequential tool to pursue a plan, it isn’t Planning.
• Planning is …- Agreeing on a widely shared ‘preferred future’;
- Devising strategies, commitments, investments and processes to pursue that future.
- Consciously striving for that future, guided by clear principles and objectives, utilising a wide suite of tools, including
promotion, encouragement, brokering and … regulation.
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Good planning …
• Is fundamental to securing a sustainable, resilient and equitable future at any time, but
• At times of rapid change and impending challenges it is essential!
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A Plan is a social contract• Reconciles tensions between public and private interests• ‘The public’ can be confident that they get what they signed up
for (not a diluted, expanded substitute) - so greater prospect of getting support for transformative change
• Pricks the bubble of speculation, so land trades at values that reflect its agreed use
• A fair portion of value uplift can be captured to fund (& coordinate) necessary infrastructure & services
• Provides clarity & certainty for (productive) business & investment decisions
• Provides proactive encouragement, support & brokering in pursuit of agreed future outcomes
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An unplanned future?• Australian cities, including Melbourne, suffer from weak planning
(Grattan Institute, Committee for Melbourne, etc)
• Heavy reliance on market forces, with limited public policy leadership to influence the agenda.
• In times of rapid change & urgent imperatives, the future efficiency, functionality and amenity of the city is in jeopardy from a culture of waiting for problems to emerge before dealing with them.
• Harper Review: anti-planning recommendations• Current ‘anything anywhere’ Commercial Zones• “failed to develop a roads agenda … piggybacking instead on whatever
Transurban proposes” (The Age, 28 Nov 2015)• (Unsolicited Proposals scheme for infrastructure investment)
Change also provides an opportunity for transformation – if managed carefully & skilfully.
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Cities (and markets) can fail
DETROIT
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‘Plan Melbourne’ is DANGEROUS!• Plan Melbourne is not a robust, soundly grounded strategy that offers
a credible or responsible narrative for Melbourne’s future. (Unlike Melbourne 2030 - great plan, but poor delivery)
• Not a Plan, but a marketing pitch• Genesis as an election manifesto, limited public engagement, lacks a
comprehensive, integrated perspective.• Collation of post-justification of political knee-jerk proposals & pet
projects from silo agencies (including some contradictory ones).
• It’s existence & content are likely to induce complacency … when we urgently need a plan to both manage current change and address impending challenges.
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A collection of silos …is not an integrated outcome.
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Reviving Planning
Enhanced …• Leadership• Professionalism• Transparency• Honesty!
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3. Tools for transition• Multiple (reactive) planning permit decisions are unlikely to
translate into a coherent urban outcome without some proactive guidance and brokering – best done at the local level.
• Segmented delivery by narrowly-based agencies, professions or work units can readily become fragmentation.
• Are our governance & delivery mechanisms appropriate for managing widespread transformation?
• Restructure (& interim arrangements) needed to ensure aggregate outcomes are the focus, not ‘bits’ in isolation.
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Conventional segmentation into specialist fields
Planning
Human Services
Economic Development
EngineeringArts & Culture
InvestmentEnvironmentBusiness
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Segmentation can become Fragmentation
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but, rather than adding another ‘slice’ …
Planning
Human Services
Economic Development
EngineeringArts & Culture
InvestmentEnvironmentBusiness
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Supplementary mechanism integrating segments for a specific place
Planning
Human Services
Economic Development
EngineeringArts & Culture
Environment
Place-based strategy & delivery The Place
InvestmentBusiness
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Vision-led
Joined-up
Place-based
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BENDIGO
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0400 093 503
Thank you
www.vcccar.org.au/publication/think-tank-report/ toward-resilient-regional-city-centres