Rodrigo De Sebastián Martín

Background

Problem Formulation

Objectives

Limitations

Radio

Analogic Digital

Cable

Satellite

Antenna

Internet

3G

INTERNET

PSTN

GSM

GPRS

HSDPA

UMTS

2G

2.5G

3G

EDGE

CDMA

The NGN, Next Generation Networks, is areference of model of network architecture thatshould allow to develop the full range of nextgeneration IP multimedia services as well asevolution and migration, in terms of replacementor emulation, of the existing telecommunicationsservices, equipments and devices.

This Project is planned as a Recommendation sohere we will try to study what is NGN and thestrategy of implementing NGN in an existingNetwork, more exactly, our study will bedeveloped over the Core Network.

IP

4G

IPVoIP

IPTv

NGN – “All-IP”

WiMax

4G

LTE

1. What’s NGN?

2. Study of the Framework where the NGN willbe implemented in.

3. Strategy for adapting the existing Networkto the NGN.

4. Planning of adaptation of the Core Network.

5. We will have to study how work all the IPmultimedia services and our measures onthe Trial Lab Equipments will be focused onthe QoS of the Network.

1. Showing what NGN is and how it works.

2. Creating a Recommendation forimplementing NGN, principally, for adaptingthe Core Network to the NGN.

3. Defining the QoS Metrics of some NetworkApplications on the Internet as a Referencefor the Trials.

NGN is a new concept with only a few ofyears, so its innovation makes difficult to findreal implementations and documentationabout it.

The availability of the Lab Equipments islimited.

Companies' Confidentiality and Privacy.

What’s NGN? NGN and ITU◦ ITU-T Y.2001 “General overview of NGN”◦ ITU-T Y.2011 “General principles and general

reference model for NGN”◦ ITU-T Y.2012 “Functional requirements and

architecture of NGN”

NGN Services OSI vs TCP/IP NGN Concepts: IPMC, VoIP, IPTV, 4G, IMS QoS: IntServ, DiffServ, RSVP, MPLS

ITU-T in 2004 gave the first definition in the Rec. ITU-T Y.2001:NGN is “a packet-based network able to providetelecommunication services and able to make use of multiplebroadband, QoS-enabled transport technologies and in whichservice-related functions are independent from underlyingtransport-related technologies. It enables unfettered access forusers to networks and to competing service providers and/orservices of their choice. It supports generalized mobility whichwill allow consistent and ubiquitous provision of services tousers”.

The general idea behind the NGN is that one network transportsall information and services (voice, data, and all sorts of mediasuch as video) by encapsulating these into packets using theInternet Protocol, and therefore the term “all-IP” is alsosometimes used to describe the transformation toward NGN

The concept of NGN has been introduced to takeinto consideration the new realities in thetelecommunications industry, characterized byfactor such as: competition among operators dueto ongoing deregulation of markets, explosion ofdigital traffic, e.g., increasing use of “theInternet”, increasing demand for new multimediaservices, increasing demand for a generalmobility, convergence of networks and services,etc.

... A major goal of the NGN is to facilitateconvergence of networks and convergence ofservices.

NGN should fulfill the requirement of the environmentdescribed in ITU-T Recs Y.100, Y.110, Y.130 and Y.140 orY.140.1, for example to:◦ Promote fair competition;◦ Encourage private investment;◦ Define a framework for architecture and capabilities to be able to

meet various regulatory equipments;◦ Provide open access to networks;

While:◦ Ensuring universal provision of and access to services;◦ Promoting equality of opportunity to the citizen;◦ Promoting diversity of content, including cultural and linguistic

diversity;◦ Recognizing the necessity of worldwide cooperation with

particular attention to less developed countries.

Packet-based transfer; Separation of control functions among bearer capabilities, call/session, and

application/service; Decoupling of service provision from transport, and provision of open interfaces; Support for a wide range of services, applications and mechanisms based on

service building blocks (including real time/ streaming/ non-real time and multimedia services);

Broadband capabilities with end-to-end QoS; Interworking with legacy networks via open interfaces; Generalized mobility (the ability for the user or other mobile entities to

communicate and access services irrespective of changes of location or technical environment)

Unrestricted access by users to different service providers; A variety of identification schemes; Unified service characteristics for the same service as perceived by the user; Converged services between fixed/mobile; Independence of service-related functions from underlying transport technologies; Support of multiple last mile technologies; Compliant with all regulatory requirements, for example concerning emergency

communications, security, privacy, lawful interception, etc.

IP

Functions: Control, Management and Transfer

Resources

Multi-layer aspects

Service convergence

Multimedia Services

Identification and Location

Emergency communications

Interactions between NGNs and non NGN environments

Security

QoS

Service 1: VoIP

◦ Protocols: H.320 / H.323 / H.324 / SIP / H.325 / IAX / MGCP / Skype

Service 2: IPTv

◦ Protocols: IGMPv2 / IGMPv3 / RTP / RTSP

Service 3: Streaming

◦ AAC / AVI / Feidian / Flash / Icecast / Kontiki / MMS / Move / MP3 / MPEG / OGG / ORB / PPLive / PPStream / QQ / Quick-Time / Real Media Stream / SCTP / SHOUT-cast / Slingbox / SopCast / TVAnts / TVUPlayer / UStream / UUSee / V Cast / VeohTV / Windows Media Stream / Zattoo

Service 4: P2P

◦ AppleJuice / Ares / BitTorrent / DirectConnect / eDonkey / KaZaa/FastTrack / Filetopia / Freemet / Gnutella / iMesh / Manolito / Mute / OpenFT / OFF / Pando / SoulSeek / Thunder/Webthunder / WinMX / XDCC

Service 5: IM

◦ Gadu-Gadu / IRC / PoPo / Jabber/GTalk / MSN / Oscar / Yahoo / Paltalk / QQ

Service 6: Gaming

◦ Battlefield / Quake / Second Life / World of Warcraft / Xbox / PS

Internet Standard Protocols:

◦ BGP / BOOTP / DHCP / DNS / EGP / FTP / HTTP / IMAP / IRC / LDAP / MGCP / MySQL / NFS / NNTP / NTP / OSPF / pcAnywhere / POP3 / PostgreSQL / RDP / RIP / RPC / SMB/CIFS / SMTP / SNMP / SOCKS / SSDP / SSH / STUN / Telnet / TFTP / Usenet / VNC / DDL / XMPP

Tunnel Protocols:

◦ SSL / GRE / OpenVPN / IPSec / SoftEthernet / SSH / Tor / VPN-X / Vtun

IP: Is responsible for addressing hosts and routing datagrams(packets) from a source host to the destination host acrossone or more IP networks.◦ IPv4 [4.2 billion IP addresses]

◦ IPv6 [340.282.366.920.938.463.463.374.607.431.768.211.456 IP addresses]

ICMP: It is chiefly used by the operating systems of networkedcomputers to send error messages indicating. ICMP can alsobe used to relay query messages.

IGMP: Is a communications protocol used by hosts andadjacent routers on IP networks to establish multicast groupmemberships. can be used for online streaming video andgaming, and allows more efficient use of resources whensupporting these types of applications.

IPMC: Refers to communication protocols and systems operate overan IP network, including the Internet, enabling voice (VoIP), video(videoconferencing), IM, whiteboarding, application sharing, andother forms of multimedia communication.

VoIP: Is one of a family of internet technologies, communicationprotocols, and transmission technologies for delivery of voicecommunications and multimedia sessions over IP networks.

IPTV: IPTV is defined as multimedia services such astelevision/video/audio/text/graphics/data delivered over IP basednetworks managed to provide the required level of quality of serviceand experience, security, interactivity and reliability.

4G: Is expected to provide a comprehensive and secure all-IP basedmobile broadband solution to laptop computer wireless modems,smartphones, and other mobile devices.

IMS: The IMS is an architectural framework for delivering IPmultimedia services.

QoS is the ability to provide different priority to different applications, users, or data flows, or to guarantee a certain level of performance to a data flow.

In this Project we will use as reference the Recs. ITU-T G.114 and ITU-T Y.1541.

QoS Parameters:◦ Response Time Expected by Users◦ Delay◦ Jitter◦ Data Rate◦ Loss Rate◦ Error Rate◦ Required Bandwidth

QoS schemes for providing priority to network packets

IntServ DiffServ Best-Effort

Granularity of QoS Per-flow Per-class None (fair to all)

Services

Guaranteed

(quantitative)

Controlled Load

(qualitative)

Expedited Forwarding

(quantitative) Assured

Forwarding (qualitative)

“best-effort”

Resource

AllocationDynamic Static or Dynamic None

SignalingRSVP

(for host/router)

RSVP (for host)

RSVP/LDAP/COPS

None for core routers

None

ClassificationMulti-field at

host/router

Multi-field at the edges,

DS-field at the coreNone

Control At host/routerMarking at the edge,

queue mngt at the coreFIFO only

Complexity High Medium Low

The RSVP protocol is used by a host torequest specific QoS from the network forparticular application data streams or flows.RSVP is also used by routers to deliver QoSrequests to all nodes along the path(s) of theflows and establish and maintain state toprovide the requested service.

Upper layer protocols and applications

IP

Link layer modules

ICMP IGMP RSVP

Delay: we adopt the G.114 limit of delay, 150milliseconds. (150ms – 400ms, acceptable)

Jitter: For multimedia applications with strongbounds on transit delay, like virtual reality, thisjitter should not exceed 20.–30 ms.

Error:◦ Audio stream should be lower than 10-2Telephone-

quality.◦ The end-to-end network should not exceed 10-6 for

HDTV quality, 10-6 for broadcast TV quality, and 10-4 forvideoconference quality.

The concept of NGN is as bigger as telecommunication’sworld is.

Internet has become the communication system moredeveloped and more globalized and with a high responsecapability, as well as by the acceptance and assimilation ofindividuals and public and private entities, for their speedof execution and their price and it allows to access to allthe world information and data.

The benefit of convergence should be fairly obvious: byusing a single data network for all communications, it ispossible to reduce the overall maintenance anddeployment costs

The opportunity to choose from a much larger selection ofservice providers to provide voice and videocommunication services.

Unify TV, Telephony and Internet in a set-top box.

INVIVO: INternetVIdeoVoice

This project is intended as a Recommendation for the study of the insertion ofnew services INVIVO, pertaining to NGN in an existing network

INVIVO refers to all existing multimedia services based on IP. We focus our product on the Home Solutions (not enterprises). We are going to use an existing Access Internet Product as reference for our

studies and trials. This project cannot be performed through a single entity, as in our case

through a Lab, it takes coordination and cooperation of all departments andlaboratories.

Our work environment will be the laboratory, and therefore all trials and firstresults will be obtained through the equipments that we have in ourlaboratory, as already explained, is a simulation of the Telkom’s networktoday.

As a first step we have to create a working scenario, so we must conduct astudy on the impact of INVIVO, i.e. how many people might be interested inthis product and where are we going to focus the introduction of the firstmeasure of INVIVO to observe its development and QoS.

With these assumptions, we can define a principle ofstrategy to insert INVIVO in our network and evolve tonew NGN networks. Our goal is to adapt our networkto NGN, therefore we must study the ability of ourequipments and support INVIVO assessed anddecided on the new equipment would be needed.

NGN Services: INVIVO allows providers andoperators to distribute all the services in asingle package using only one equipment,one Set-top Box in each home, and one bill,and this will ease and convenience for theuser to enjoy a wider range of services withbetter quality and higher content in a singlepayment.

Where can we implement it?

Study of the place and the population that wecould think it could be better to focus theintroduction of INVIVO.

Investigation about what would be estimablenumber of people who could have INVIVO athome before 2014. Business andManagement Department.

How could we implement it?

First Step – CORE NETWORK◦ Lab, responsible for developing projects based on IP

over real equipments.

◦ Determine the capacity of our Core Network Equipments.

◦ We will use a testing tool, as a NGN tool, in ourequipments in order to determine the QoS.

It means that we will determine if our equipments areadapted to provide our service correctly as we expect.

If our equipments wouldn’t be able to provide our serviceswe will have to start the studying of new possibilities aboutdifferent services or new equipments.

Second Step – ACCESS NETWORK This role is part of the Wireline and Wireless

Laboratories.◦ First: Develop FTTH, migration of copper to fiber.◦ Second: Study the capacity of the Access Equipments to

support INVIVIO. (BRAS and DSLAM).◦ Third: Study and decide about the best set-top box for the

customers.◦ Fourth: If we could develop correctly FTTH, we have to think

of the equipments which support Fiber Optic in the Accessnetwork as GPON.

These laboratories must focus its efforts on theseobjectives to develop this project, and theirmeasurements must result in a QoS adequate for ourneeds.

Third Step – CUSTOMER1. When we get results in a set QoS parameters and

values.2. Add the QoE developed by the Business and

Management Department, which determines the problems and services that most concern our clients.

3. Given the capacity and adaptation of our equipments.

4. Established the HG that can support our Network.

◦ We can offer INVIVO to our customers, adjustable to their needs and our capacity.

PLANNING

◦ Scenario

◦ Equipments

◦ QoS Parameters

◦ Trials

Protocols:

Network Layer Protocols: IP (IPv6) / ICMP (ICMPv6) / IGMP.

Scenario:◦ Application Layer Protocols

◦ Transport Layer Protocols

Protocol Scenario in Simulating Testing Tool◦ Simulated customer and group of customers using

some Applications with the STT equipment.

Core Network Equipments◦ Core Router: must be able to support multiple

telecommunications interfaces of the highest speed inuse in the core Internet and must be able to forward IPpackets at full speed on all of them

◦ Metro Ethernet: Computer Network that covers ametropolitan area and that is based on the Ethernetstandard. Is a collection of Layer 2 or/and Layer 3switches or/and routers connected through optical fiber.

◦ Gateway: Is a network point that acts as an entrance toanother network.

◦ Server: They often provide essential services across anetwork, either to private users inside a largeorganization or to public users via the Internet.

We propose the desired QoS metrics for some applicationsmentioned before, based on knowledge about humanperception.

Traffic

Class

Technology

Attributes

QoS Metrics

Timeliness Preciseness Accuracy

Response

time

Expected

by Users

Delay

(ms)

Jitter

(ms)

Date Rate

(bps)

Required

Bandwidth

(bps)

Loss Rate Error Rate

Web

Browsing

Non Real

Time and

Asymmetric

2 – 5

Seconds< 400 N/A < 30.5 K < 30.5K Zero Zero

Traffic

Class

Technology

Attributes

QoS Metrics

Timeliness Preciseness Accuracy

Response

time

Expected

by Users

Delay

(ms)

Jitter

(ms)

Date Rate

(bps)

Required

Bandwidth

(bps)

Loss RateError

Rate

Internet

Relay

Chat

Non Real

Time and

Symmetric

1 Second < 200 N/A < 1K < 1K Zero Zero

Traffic ClassTechnology

Attributes

QoS Metrics

Timeliness Preciseness Accuracy

Response

time

Expected

by Users

Delay

(ms)

Jitter

(ms)n/a

Required

Bandwidth

(bps)

Loss Rate Error Rate

Video

Broadcasting

Real Time

and Highly

Asymmetric

2 - 5

Seconds

Lip-synch:

<100ms

< 150 < 100

Typical Application Coding Standard

VCR Quality MPEG-1 < 100 1.2 – 1.5 M <0.001% <0.001%

Video Quality slightly superior

to that of broadcast TV (NTSC

or PAL) with bit rate of 4M MPEG-2

4 – 60 M

HDTV requiring bit rate from

15-34M< 50 <0.0001% <0.0001%

Multimedia on Web MPEG-4 < 150 28.8–500K <0.001% <0.001%

Traffic ClassTechnology

Attributes

QoS Metrics

Timeliness Preciseness Accuracy

Response

time

Expected by

Users

Delay

(ms)Jitter (ms)

Data Rate

(bps)

Required

Bandwidth

(bps)

Loss Rate Error Rate

Teleconferencing /

Audio Conferencing

Real Time and

Symmetric

< 150 < 400 < 1% < 1%

VoIP

Phone to

Phone

Delay:

<150ms

< 100 < 400 < 1% < 1%

Coding Standard

G.711 64 K 80 K

G.726 40~16K 50-22K

G.728 16 K 22 K

G.729 8 K 11 K

G.723.1 6.3/5.3K 9 / 8K

GSM FR 13 K 18 K

GSM EFR 12.2 K 17 K

The first step in developing the NGN is to createdocuments about what is and where could be applied andhow.

For developing the NGN is necessary to divide the GlobalNGN Project into parts and take into account the existingequipments and services developed around the concept ofNGN.

For the Trials and for the next years it could be enough tofocus our Global NGN Project over an actual infrastructure,I mean using the ADSL technology with 1 Mbps, 2 Mbpsand 3 Mbps, principally. But the real target of the GlobalNGN Project is the migration of copper to fiber, developingFTTH.

Our target is to decide the real number of customers who could have NGN services using the SR in one specific Area.

Availability of these tools are restricted:◦ Confidentiality of the Network.◦ Simulators need licenses.◦ The Real Testing Equipments, and their utilization are restricted

and our Partners have priority over them.

QoS Metrics: ◦ Delay < 150ms. (up to 250ms. Is acceptable)◦ Jitter < 50ms. (20ms to 50ms )◦ Packet Loss < 1%◦ The maximum Bandwidth required for all applications added

together, including voice and video, should not exceed 75% of the available network bandwidth.

The implementation of the NGN in will mean an important social and economic change.

Our company could enter in the “market” developing the NGN services or helping their partners of this proposal.

It’s necessary to change the ACCESS POINT for customers, and our company will focus their efforts searching the best Home Solution, developing the FTTH and looking for the suitable Set-top box for our Network.

This Project is essential to involve all the Labs and Departments, so the coordination and communication of all the groups will be necessary and very important for the correct implementation of the NGN in the Indonesian Society.