role for adjustable speed pumped storage in … for adjustable speed pumped storage in the grid of...
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ROLE FOR ADJUSTABLE SPEED PUMPED STORAGE IN THE
GRID OF THE FUTUREPeter Donalek
CIGRE US National Committee
2017 Grid of the Future Symposium
Cleveland, OHIOOctober 23, 2017
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PRESENTATION • Adjustable speed pumped storage
History• Types of advanced pumped
storage• Changing Grid System Inertia• AS PSH Storage Technology• AS PSH Control Options• AS PSH in the Grid Of The Future
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AS PSH HISTORY
1990’S Japan, TEPCO and Kansai Electric companies were required to reduce imported oil consumption • Frequency regulation in pump mode • Yagisawa and Ohkawachi pumped
storage plants have Adjustable Speed units.
• Other system benefits
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US INTEREST• EPRI 1995 Report: “Application of
Adjustable Speed Machines in Conventional and Pumped Storage Hydro Projects”
• Argonne National Lab 2014 DOE study/report: “Modeling and Analysis of Value of Hydropower in the United States”
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USDOE 6 Vol. ReportPublished 2014
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DFIM model,Ternary Model,Turbine-GovernorEconomic Value,WECC Model,Frequency, Control in Single Control Area
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ADVANCED PUMPED STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES
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THREE TYPES OF HYDRO STORAGE
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FOCUS IS ON DFIM ADJUSTABLE SPEED PSH
• World wide, Adjustable Speed Pumped Storage with Doubly Fed Induction motor/generators is the dominant Grid Scale storage technology in commercial operation
• Therefore this presentation is focused on DFIM AS Pumped Storage hydro.
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PUMPED STORAGE IN US40 GRID SCALE SINGLE SPEED PUMPED STORAGE UNITS, 22 GW
Large: Six Unit, Bath County: 3,003 MWSmall: Two Unit, Lake Hodges: 40 MW
To date: there are no adjustable speed pumped storage units in the US
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ADVANCED PUMP STORAGE IN US
• Several states are recognizing the need for grid scale storage.
• California, Virginia, New York and other states are encouraging storage as part of the capacity mix.
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NEW PUMPED STORAGE IN US
• As of Aug 2017 - 19 PSH project sites with FERC preliminary permits
• Largest is 811 MW and smallest is 554 MW
• Expect several will get permits and be constructed
• Likely that some will include units with advanced technology
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CHANGING GRID SYSTEM INERTIA
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CHANGING GRID SYSTEM INTERTIA
• Increased non-dispachable wind & solar
• Retirement of large base-load turbine – generators
• Impact on system operation: frequency regulation, ramping, response to system events
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EFFECTS OF CHANGE• UK: New class of frequency regulation
called “Enhanced Frequency Response”
• South Australia: September 2016 blackout linked to periods with low inertia due to increased amount of renewables
• Japan: AS PSH, “flywheel effect” role in major system events; ex. earthquakes
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NERC & SYNCHRONOUS INERTIAL RESPONSE
2014: NERC Established an Essential Reliability Services Task Force
2015: Report & RTO/ISO question “Is System Inertia Trending Down?” 2 yes, 2 some what, 4 no to little, and 1 no
2016: Report, synchronous inertial response
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INERTIA – BASED CONTROLS
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RESPONSE COMPARISONx
x
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KINETIC ENERGY & ROTOR INERTIAInterchange inertial kinetic energy with grid system in both pump and generation modes
Absorb energy
from system
Inject energy
into system
ωm > ωs ωm < ωs
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ADJUSTABLE SPEED PUMPED STORAGE TECHNOLOGY
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DFIM TECHNOLOGY
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DFIM ADJUSTABLE SPEED – ROTOR EXCITATION
• Preferred configuration uses a voltage source frequency converter.
• Converter provides sinusoidal current to create a three-phase magnetic field on the rotor.
• Frequency converter MVA capacity rating is roughly proportional to slip speed range.
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CONTROL OPTIONSx
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CONTROL OPTIONSThree control approaches are possible with DFIM AS PSH units:
1. Fast Power Control: Most Prevalent 2. Fast Speed Control: Not often used3. Fast speed (Slip frequency) control
with governor free operation
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PLANT DESIGN AND TRANSMISSION INTERCONNECTION
• Establish unit equipment ratings and develop plant single line diagram.
• Evaluate and select control option • Identify preferred point of
interconnection with host system• Start LGIA interconnection process
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AS PSH AND THE GRID OF THE FUTURE
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ADJUSTABLE SPEED PSH & BALANCING AUTHORITY
CIGRE Technical Brochure 316 • Defense Plan Against Extreme
Contingencies• Overview of Existing Defense Plans• Propose response-based Wide-Area
stability and voltage Control System (WACS) for the Western North American interconnected power grid
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ADJUSTABLE SPEED AS PART OF WACS BALANCING AUTHOIRTY
x
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AS PSH
G
GG
G
LSE
LSE
LSE
LSELDC
B A boundaryPMU
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CONCLUSIONS• Confirm performance of control
option with System Impact Studies • Can System Impact Studies be
made with Laplace based models or will EMTP studies be required?
• Need generic models, with data, for planning and design studies
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FINAL QUESTIONWill Grid Scale Adjustable Speed Pumped Storage be part of the future US Grid ?
Niels Bohr, The famous Danish physicist has the answer
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“Prediction is very difficult, especially if it’s about the future”
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QUESTIONS Peter DonalekElectric Power System EngineerStantec Consulting Services Inc.Chicago, IL [email protected]
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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