The 4th

Conference on “Management of Meteorological and Hydrological Services in Regional Association II

(Asia), Islamabad, Pakistan, 5-9 February 2007”

Role of Bangladesh Meteorological Department in Disaster Risk Reduction in

Bangladesh

Md. Amirul

HussainDeputy Director

Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD)

BANGLADESH METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT

BackgroundBackground• Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) is an attached Scientific and operational Department under the Ministry of Defence

(MOD).

• It is inherited from Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) in December 1971, and PMD was inherited from India Meteorological Department (IMD) in August 1947. IMD was established by the then British Empire in 1875.

• It got its momentum since the occurrence of the Great Bakerganj

Cyclone of 1876 which tolled about

200,000 people when the total population of Bengal was only 2.5 crore. The ever highest recorded storm surge of about 45 feet height was associated with this cyclone.

Organizational structure of BMDBMD Head Quarters has the following divisions:i. Administrative Divisionii. Meteorological Training Instituteiii. Climate Divisioniv. Agromet Divisionv. Forecasting Divisionvi. Synoptic Divisionvii. Planning Divisionviii. International Meteorological Divisionix. Communication Divisionx. Electronics and Instruments Divisionxi. Workshop and Laboratory

Bangladesh Meteorological Department has two Regional Centres:

1)

Storm Warning Centre at Dhaka :Dhaka and Rajshahi Divisions.

2)

Meteorological and Geophysical Centre at Chittagong: Chittagong, Sylhet, Barisal

and Khulna

Divisions.

Director

Deputy Director

SWC

Deputy Director

Head Office

Deputy DirectorClimate

Deputy DirectorAgro-

meteorology

Deputy DirectorTraining Institute

Deputy DirectorWorkshop & Laboratory

Deputy DirectorChittagong

Regional Met. Office

Administration Division

Synoptic (Foreign

purchase)

Planning

Cash and Budget

Electronic & Instrument

Division

I. Met

Comm. Div.

Strom Warning Division(SWC)

DhakaRadar Station

RangpureRadar Station

Cox’s BazarRadar Station

KhepuparaRadar Station

MoulvibazarRadar Station

ChittagongRegional

Met. Office

Agro- meteorology

Division

Workshop &

Laboratory

Instrument Lab.

ClimateDivision

Training Institute

The Service Objectives of BMD

To collect different meteorological parameters both for surface and upper air all over Bangladesh round the clock.

To provide weather forecasts for public, farmers, mariners and aviators on routine basis and also to issue warnings for severe weather phenomena such as tropical cyclones, tornadoes, nor’westers, heavy rainfall, heat and cold waves warnings etc.

To maintain surveillance of weather radars for probing impending tropical cyclones, nor’westers and tornadoes.

To exchange meteorological data, forecasts and warnings to meet national and international requirements.

hTo receive round the clock satellite imageries for timely use in operational meteorology.

hTo provide meteorological data, radar echoes and Satellite imageries and weather forecast for flood forecasting and warning centre.

hTo monitor micro seismic events and earth quake round the clock.

BMD’s

overall activities

Bangladesh Meteorological

Department (BMD)

Information collection,Dissemination by

Maintaining 24 hrs operational capabilities

Information Dissemination for

Disaster preparednessAnd mitigation

promotion of researchactivities for sustainable

development of the country

Participation in the peoples Awareness raising programme

for reduction of disaster losses in cost

effective way

DisasterAn event, natural or man-made, sudden or progressive, that seriously disrupts the functioning of a society, causing human, material, or environmental losses of such severity that the affected community has to respond by taking exceptional measures. The disruption (including essential services and means of livelihood) is on a scale that exceeds the ability of the affected society to cope with using only its own resources.

Disaster ManagementDisaster management includes all aspects of planning of and responding to disasters. It refers to the management of both the risks and the consequences of disasters, and includes both: prevention and preparedness measures taken in disaster-prone areas .

There are two types of Disasters:

(a) Natural Disasters;

(b) Man made Disasters

Natural Disasters destroy a lot of lives and damages the properties every year over the globe. Natural disasters are-

Tropical Cyclones & associated Storm Surges,

Nor’westers/Tornadoes, Droughts, Floods, River Erosion, Heat Waves and Cold Waves, Earthquakes and Tsunami, Land slides etc.

Huge amount of loss of lives and damage to properties due to these natural disasters can be reduced abruptly by issuing early warning with sufficient lead time of occurrence of the event. BMD is trying her best to provide all types of Forecast in advance of well ahead of time of occurrence.

Phases of DisasterNormal Phase (Normal Time):

A period when there is no

immediate threat either from Meteorological (Cyclone and associated storm surge, Nor’westers, Tornados etc.) and Hydrological (Flood, Flash flood etc.) disaster.

Alert and Warning Phase: Issuing of an alert or public warning of an imminent disaster threat to its actual impact, or the passage

of the threat and the lifting of the warning.

Disaster Phase: The period during which direct impact of a natural calamity is felt. Disaster phase is long in case of slow on-set disasters (draughts, normal monsoon flood) and short in case of rapid on-set disasters (flash flood, cyclone, earthquake, fire, industrial accident, landslide etc).

Recovery Phase: The period, following the emergency phase, during which actions are to be taken to enable victims to resume

normal lives and means of livelihood, and to restore infrastructure, services and the economy.

Observational Facility in BMD

Observational Facilities of BMDObservational Facilities of BMD

35 First Class Surface Observatories

10 Pilot Balloon Observatories

3 Rawinsonde Observatories

12 Agromet Observatories

4 Radar Stations at Dhaka, Rangpur, Cox's Bazar and Khepupara

Satellite Ground Receiving Station of GMS, NOAA and INSAT

World Area Forecasts Charts ( WAFS) from the World Area Forecasting Center, Braknell London.

Receiving System of Satellite Distribution (SADIS)

Two high-gust anemometers in operation over the country.

Location of operational 35 First Class Observatories of BMD

Location of operational 10 Pilot Balloon Observatories of BMD

Location of Rawin Sonde

(Upper air)

Observatories of BMD

LegendOperational

Non-Operational

Location of 12 Agromet

Observatories of BMD

Location of RADAR Stations

of BMD

Legend

Operational

Under process of Installation

Area Coverage of BMD Radars

Operational

Non-operational

Location of Seismic

Observatories of BMD

Telecommunication System in BMD

Telecommunication•

Dhaka-New Delhi GTS Link

•

Tele printer (Domestic)

•

SSB (Domestic)

•

Facsimile Chart Receiver

Dhaka - Delhi GTS link: Two Way leased line

Speed : 2400 bps Only for data but BMD is trying to upgrade this to 64 Kbps

SADIS for only Aviation purposes (Data/Image reception)

International Circuit

BMD HeadquarterAgargaon, Dhaka

Hon’ble Prime Minister’s

Office

Water Development

Board

Zia International Airport

Bangladesh Television

Bangladesh

Air force

BMD Domestic Network ( LAN / MAN)

Teleprinter Circuit :Dhaka-Kurmitola (Two-way)

Chittagong-Coxs’s Bazar

Dhaka-Chittagong (Two-way)

Chittagong-Chilimpur

Dhaka-Bogra

BMD-Radio Office (Dhaka)

Dhaka-Ishurdi

BMD-Flood Forecasting Centre

Dhaka-Sylhet

BMD-Navy

BMD-BAF (Met.)

Local Circuit

Weather Chart Facsimile ReceiverDhaka, Kurmitola, Chittagong, Cox’s

Bazar, Sylhet.

SSB Set35 stations Standby

Local Circuit

BMD’s Network

LOCATION OF RADAR STATIONS, MICROWAVE & VSAT LINK

Global Telecommunication System (GTS)

BMD

Forecasts issued BY BMD

Forecast ProductsDaily: To meet the demands of the general mass

(fishermen, farmers, mariners, aviators etc.) and the VVIPs.

Weekly: For FAO and agriculture sectors.

Decadal: For FAO and agriculture sectors.

Monthly: For agriculture and water sectors.

Three Monthly: For agriculture and water sectors.

Regular Forecasts issued by BMDa. Morning1

Forecast for Hon’ble Prime Minister 10:00 BST( Bengali & English )

2. Weather Forecast For Dhaka And N/Hood

10:15 BST3. Bangladesh Morning Inference 11:30 BST4. Bangladesh Daily Weather Summery 14:00 BST5. Weather Forecast for Farmers 14:00 BST

b. EveningWeather Forecast 15:30 BST( For Chittagong & Chittagong Hill tracts)

c. Night1. Bangladesh Evening Inference 22:00 BST2. Weather Forecast For Dhaka And N/Hood

06:00 BST

3. Weather Forecast for Farmers 05:30 BST

List of Forecasts Daily Issued by BMD for River and Sea Navigation

a. Morning

1.

Inland Riverport Warning 10:30 BST2.

Sea Bulletin

10:30 BST

3.

Weather F/C for Fishing Trawlers 10:45 BST

b. Evening

1.

Weather F/C For Bangladesh south of lat.24°

N & North of 21°

N 15:00 BST

2.

Inland Riverport Warning 16:00 BST

c. Night

1.

Sea Bulletin 22:00 BST2.

Inland Riverport Warning ( Two times) 22:00,0530 BST

3.

Weather Forecast For Chittagong –Sandwip

05:00 BST

Warnings Issued by BMD

Tropical Cyclone WarningsKalbaishakhi/ Nor’westers WarningsHeavy Rainfall WarningsSquall WarningsHeat Wave WarningCold Wave WarningFog Warning

The following forecasts for Aviation are issued (Route forecast) for each flight from Airport Meteorological Office.

Terminal Aerodrome forecast (TAF)Route forecast (ROFOR)SIGMETMETAR containing landing and take off Weather informationSPECIS whenever condition exists (Low clouds, Poor Visibility, squally wind, Thunder Storm etc.)

List of Short range, medium range and long range forecasts issued by BMD

Stake holders Forecast Lead timePublic and Farmers, Bangladesh Daily

Weather summary24 hrs, 3 days

and 5 daysRiver voyagers Inland Riverport Warning 06 hrs

Shipping Sea bulletin 12 hrsPublic and Farmers Regional forecast 12, 24 hrs

Aviators Aviation Forecast 6, 12 hrsPublic and Farmers Special Forecast 12, 24 hrs

Farmers and agricultural planners, Agricultural Extension

Decadal forecast 10 days

Farmers and agricultural planners, Agricultural Extension

Monthly forecast 30 days

Public , Farmers and agricultural planners, Agricultural Extension

Long range forecast 30 days

Public, agricultural planners, Agricultural Extension

Long range forecast 3 months

Heavy Rainfall WarningHeavy Rainfall Warning

In the preIn the pre--monsoon and Monsoon season monsoon and Monsoon season When the estimated rainfall within 24 hours When the estimated rainfall within 24 hours over an area is 44 mm or more, BMD issues over an area is 44 mm or more, BMD issues Heavy rainfall warning.Heavy rainfall warning.

Contents of Heavy rainfall warningContents of Heavy rainfall warning

Expected affected areaApproximate time of commencementSeverity of the heavy rainfall Future status of heavy rainfall condition

Cold waves are classified as follows

(in the perspective of Bangladesh)

Cold Wave Minimum Temperature Range

Mild cold wave 08 – 100 CModerate cold wave 06 – 080 CSevere cold wave 04 – 060 CExtreme cold wave below 040 C

Heat waves are classified as follows(in the perspective of Bangladesh)

Heat Wave Maximum Temperature Range

Mild Heat wave 36-380 CModerate Heat wave 38-400 CSevere Heat wave 40-420CExtreme Heat wave Above 420 C

Aviation WarningAviation WarningFor safe landing and takeFor safe landing and take--off of the air craft Bangladesh off of the air craft Bangladesh Meteorological Department issues the following conditions:Meteorological Department issues the following conditions:

1. Poor visibility:1. Poor visibility: visibility <3000 m or lessvisibility <3000 m or less

2. Low cloud:2. Low cloud: more than 5 more than 5 OctasOctas and base <500ftand base <500ft

3. Showery rain:3. Showery rain: reduces the visibility 3km or lessreduces the visibility 3km or less

4. High wind:4. High wind: Speed 60km/hr or moreSpeed 60km/hr or more

Contents of Aviation WarningAviation WarningExpected affected areaApproximate time of commencementCondition of visibilityFuture status of visibility

Advisory/Early warning of Tsunami Dissemination in BMD

After last year Tsunami, Bangladesh is now associated with PTWC and JMA through BMD’sGTS link, Fax, Telephone and Internet to get Tsunami advisory/ warning and Tsunami watch information, and BMD’s cyclone dissemination network is being utilized for dissemination.

BMD is now receiving Tsunami advisory/ warning regularly from PTWC/JMA and disseminates to the coastal area using BMD’scyclone dissemination network.

Agro-meteorlogical

Forecast in BangladeshBangladesh is an agricultural country. Its agriculture is mostly

dependent on rainfall. Bangladesh Meteorological Department is issuing forecast for farmers for better production of crops which is very useful in economy. BMD also provided these forecasts to the Agricultural planners. Agro-

meteorological advisory has been classified as:

Daily

Weekly

Decadal

Monthly

Quarterly

These forecasts include:Atmospheric Circulation patternCategories of rainfall (Light, moderate, moderately heavy, Heavy and Very

Heavy etc.) with its special distributionWind Direction and speed with the inclusion of High wind (if any)Humidity and soil moistureFree water loss during the decade in mm/daySun-shine hours during the decade in hrs/day

Agromet

data analysis

Highlights:

Free water loss during 11-20.04.2006: 4.71 mm/day

Sun-shine hours during 11-20.04.2006: 6.69 hrs/day

Advisory for the period from 21.04.2006 to 30.04.2006

Free water loss during last decade of April 2006 is expected to be between 4.25-4.75 mm/day

Weather:

Transitional circulation from cold and dry to hot and humid is establishing over the country.

Temporary rain/thunder showers accompanied by gusty/squally wind speed 45-65 kph or more is likely to occur at few places over Dhaka, Sylhet, Rajshahi and Khulna divisions and the districts of comilla, Feni, Chittagong Hilltracts and at one or two places elsewhere over the country during the period.

Hail/high wind speed may cause significant damage of Boro paddy and crop at places in Dhaka, Sylhet and Rajshahi divisions and the districts of Jessore, Kushtia and comilla.

Soil moisture is likely to remain favourable for broadcast Aus, Aman and Jute crops over the country.

Wind speed is likely to remain favourable for application of agricultural chemicals during early hours of the day.

WARNING MESSAGE DISSEMINATION PLAN

WORLD WEATHER WATCH (WWW)

U.N ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME (UNEP) CLIMATE CHANGE MONITORINGSYSTEM

GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM (GTS)

NATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL COMMONICATION CENTRE (NMCC)

STORM WARNING CENTRE (SWC)HON’BLE PRIME MINISTER’S OFFICEBANGLADESH BETAR (RADIO)BANGLADESH TELEVISION (BTV)MINISTRY OF FOOD AND DISASTER MANAGEMENTCYCLONE PREPAREDNESS PROGRAMME (CPP)COASTAL VOLUNTEERSNEWS PAPERSGENERAL MASSBANGLADESH ARMYBANGLADESH NAVYBANGLADESH AIR FORCEMARITIME AND RIVERINE PORTSFLOOD CONTROL AND FORECASTING CENTRE

Seismological Service in BMD

Back ground of Seismological Services in Bangladesh

One earthquake station was established in Chittagong, coastal city of Bangladesh in 1954, till now the seismic instrument was upgraded twice with the available system.

Recognizing the increasing vulnerability of earthquake disaster especially in cities due to high density of population, unplanned infrastructure and its closed proximity with India and Myanmar’s active seismic area.

GOB is implementing a project for the establishment 3 (Three) new earthquake monitoring stations along with up-gradation of the existing one for monitoring of earthquake in and around Bangladesh.

Proposed Seismic networkSeismic monitoring nation-wide consists of 6 (six) Digital

Broad-Band Seismometer (two Bore hole, four vault type), 6 (six) Digital Triaxial

Accelerometers with GPS synchronization and

five set of GPS (Geodetic)Continuous data acquisition system. Networking among the

four stations will be done by dedicated digital network

(Landbased)/VSAT for data transmission to the central data collection and processing center in BMD Headquarter.

The building construction as a part of the project has been completed, the procurement of the instrument is also in the final stage. By 2007, it will be operational. The central data collection and processing centre will be networked with Geology

Department of Dhaka University, BUET, Geological Survey of Bangladesh for promotion of research.

For dissemination of earthquake information generated from the central data collection and processing centre for disaster preparation and mitigation the existing communication network of BMD will be utilized.

Seismic Network proposed nowSeismic Network proposed now

The massive devastations due to 26 December, 2004

Tsunami in the Indian Ocean Region,

make aware the Government and the people how to deal with the future occurrence of Tsunami on the backdrop of the lack of early warning system, dissemination network of warnings to the end users, preparedness and mitigation for the reduction of loss of life and property.

The need for Tsunami Early Warning System in Bangladesh

• In consideration of vulnerability, Government of Bangladesh is eager to be associated with the International efforts to establish National Tsunami Warning Centre in Bangladesh.

• Integration of international efforts with BMD’s capability (existing and future) and experience in

dealing with the provision of forecasts and warning of natural disasters and their dissemination, BMD certainly would perform positively in Tsunami disaster mitigation. Operational characteristics of BMD would fulfill the requirements to act as a National Tsunami Warning Centre as well as can contribute potentially to the Regional Tsunami Warning Centre.

Operational capability of Bangladesh Meteorological Department as a National

Tsunami Warning Centre

• Operational 24 hours a day, 7 days a week through out the year.

• Regionally and internationally is linked through GTS, Fax, Phone and Internet.

• Existing cyclone dissemination network with some expansion and strengthening can be utilized for Tsunami disaster mitigation.

• Tsunami is an outcome of earthquake originated in the sea or near the coast. So for the Tsunami detection and issuance of warning, first one need to detect earthquake, then evaluation and monitoring and then the question of issuance of advisory and warnings.

• If in BMD’s

capability of earthquake monitoring, international efforts of the establishment of required component of Tsunami Early Warning System for monitoring of Tsunami be integrated, BMD can contribute potentially in Tsunami disaster mitigation efforts of Govt. as well as to the Regional Tsunami Early Warning Centre to be established.

The following are the operational characteristics of Bangladesh Meteorological

Department

WMO’s

Expert Mission in BMD

• WMO’s

Expert mission has visited BMD for upgradation

of GTS link and the dissemination

system of BMD to the end users.

• The main objective of WMO mission is to upgrade BMD’s

communication capability so

that in future BMD can be able to handle multi- hazard disasters including Tsunami

nationally, regionally and internationally.

Ongoing Projects in BMDOngoing Projects in BMDEstablishment of Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) Establishment of Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP)

system. It is implementing with full system. It is implementing with full GoBGoB money. It is likely to be money. It is likely to be completed within June 2007. completed within June 2007. ••PCP approval:PCP approval: 29 April, 199729 April, 1997••PP approval:PP approval: 28 November, 200028 November, 2000••Last DPP approval:Last DPP approval: 22 AUGUST, 200522 AUGUST, 2005••Implementation Period:Implementation Period: July 2000July 2000-- June 2007June 2007••Estimated Cost:Estimated Cost:••Local CurrencyLocal Currency-- 532.40 Lac532.40 Lac••Foreign CurrencyForeign Currency-- 1565.00 Lac1565.00 Lac••Total CostTotal Cost-- 2097.40 Lac2097.40 Lac

Establishment of three new Seismic Observatories at Dhaka, Establishment of three new Seismic Observatories at Dhaka, RangpurRangpur and and SylhetSylhet and renovation of existing seismic and renovation of existing seismic observatory at Chittagong. It observatory at Chittagong. It is also likely to be implemented is also likely to be implemented with full with full GoBGoB money and likely to be completed within June money and likely to be completed within June 2007. 2007.

•• PP approval:PP approval: 24 October, 200424 October, 2004••Implementation Period:Implementation Period: July 1998July 1998-- June 2007June 2007••Estimated Cost:Estimated Cost:•• Local CurrencyLocal Currency-- 678.07 Lac678.07 Lac•• Foreign CurrencyForeign Currency-- 723.90 Lac723.90 Lac••Total CostTotal Cost-- 1401.97 Lac1401.97 Lac

Replacement of Replacement of CoxCox’’s s BazarBazar and and KhepuparaKhepupara Radars with Radars with Doppler Meteorological and Hydrological Radars. Doppler Meteorological and Hydrological Radars. It is likely to be It is likely to be completed within March 2007 and March 2008 respectively. completed within March 2007 and March 2008 respectively. ••DPP approval:DPP approval: 26 December, 2005.26 December, 2005.Implementation Period:Implementation Period: September, 2005 September, 2005 –– March 2008March 2008••Estimated Cost:Estimated Cost:•• Local CurrencyLocal Currency-- 3030.95 Lac3030.95 Lac•• Foreign CurrencyForeign Currency-- 9882.50 Lac9882.50 Lac•• Total CostTotal Cost-- 12913.45 Lac12913.45 Lac

Establishment of Doppler Meteorological and Hydrological Establishment of Doppler Meteorological and Hydrological Radar at Radar at MoulaviMoulavi BazarBazar and likely to be completed by 2008.and likely to be completed by 2008.Minutes of Discussions were signed on 28Minutes of Discussions were signed on 28--1111--2006 between JAICA and ERD.2006 between JAICA and ERD.

●●

Establishment of 14 new observatories in the Establishment of 14 new observatories in the riverineriverine area for area for reducing river capsize during reducing river capsize during nornor’’westerwester period. It is likely to period. It is likely to be completed within June 2007. be completed within June 2007.

•• Local CurrencyLocal Currency

--

112.89 million112.89 million•• Foreign CurrencyForeign Currency

--

114.18 million114.18 million•• Total Cost Total Cost --

227.07227.07

millionmillion

●●

UpgradationUpgradation of GTS link from 2.4 Kbps to 64 Kbps for of GTS link from 2.4 Kbps to 64 Kbps for Tsunami message reception and dissemination. WMO is Tsunami message reception and dissemination. WMO is implementing the project as an aid and supposed to be implementing the project as an aid and supposed to be completed this financial year.completed this financial year.

14 Proposed New Weather Forecasting

Centres in Bangladesh along

with existing stations of BMD

Position of rainfall measuring stations

(Existing 34 + 14 Proposed Weather

Forecasting Centres) of BMD

Role of BMD’s

weather forecast to minimize the loss of the lives and properties for Socio-economic development of

BangladeshHonorable Prime Minister: for making daily planMinistry: to make the coordination among the disaster managers to combat the disasters. Disaster Ministry: for monitoring disasters and taking necessary action. Radio/Television: to alert the people of the vulnerable area:Mass Media: explaining to the people about the cause, affect and future impact. Farmers Weather Bulletin: to do their activities properly for better yield.Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC): for agricultural research and planning. International Rice Research Institute (IRRI): for agricultural planning and food monitoring.

Riverine Weather Forecast: to save the loss of lives and properties from river going Vessels affected by Local Severe Weather ( Nor’wester, Tornado etc.)

Weather Forecast and Warning for Sea moving navigation: to save the properties for safe loading and unloading during Cyclone, Depression etc.

Aviation Forecast and Warning: for safely landing and take off of air crafts.

Route Forecast: for Safe Flight movement.

Tropical Cyclone Warning: for saving the lives, properties, development works in the coastal area.

Usefulness of forecast in the country economy

Date of Cyclone

Types of Cyclone

People Killed

Total population in the vulnerable

area

Percentage of people

killed23-25 Sept.

1919Severe

Cyclonic Storm

3500 59,28,000 0.06%

19-23 May 1926

Severe Cyclonic

Storm

2700 6313000 0.04%

22-26 May 1941

Severe Cyclonic

Storm

5,000 8181000 0.06%

21-24 October

1947

Severe Cyclonic

Storm

500 8225000 0.01%

22-24 October

1958

Severe Cyclonic

Storm

500 962800 0.01%

Date of Cyclone

Types of Cyclone

People Killed

Total population in the vulnerable

area

Percentage of people

killed8-10

October 1960

SCS with a core of

Hurricane wind (SCSH)

12,214 96,28,000 0.13%

30-31 October

1960

(SCSH) 5149 96,28,000 0.05%

5-9 May 1961

SCSH 11468 96,28,000 0.12%

28-29 May 1963

SCSH 22000 96,28,000 0.23%

9-12 May 1965

SCSH 17,279 96,28,000 0.20%

7-15 Decembe

r 1965

SCSH 873 96,28,000 0.01%

Date of Cyclone

Types of Cyclone

People Killed

Total population in the vulnerable

area

Percentage of people

killed

23 Sept.-

01 Oct. 1966

SCSH 850 96,28,000 0.01%

8-10 October 1967

SCSH 1000 96,28,000 0.01%

8-13 November

1970

SCSH 3,00,000 1,29,76,000 2.31%

5-9 December

1973

SCS 1000 1,29,76,000 0.01%

22-25 May 1985

SCSH 4264 1,58,17,000 0.03%

Date of Cyclone

Types of Cyclone

People Killed

Total population in the vulnerable

area

Percentage of people

killed24-30

November 1988

SCSH 6215 18804000 0.03%

25-30 April 1991

SCSH 1,38,882 18804000 0.74%

24 April-02 May 1994

SCSH 184 18804000 0.001%

15-19 May 1997

SCSH 155 1,99,32,000 0.001%

24-27 Nov. 1997

SCSH 78 1,99,32,000 0.0004%

Date of Cyclone

Types of Cyclone

People Killed

Total population in the vulnerable area

Percentage of people

killed24-30 Nov.

1988SCSH 6215 18804000 0.03%

25-30 April 1991

SCSH 1,38,882 18804000 0.74%

24 April-02 May 1994

SCSH 184 18804000 0.001%

15-19 May 1997

SCSH 155 1,99,32,000 0.001%

24-27 Nov. 1997

SCSH 78 1,99,32,000 0.0004%

16-20 May 1998

SCSH 18 2, 00,00,000 0.0000009

10-12 Nov. 2002

SCH 2 About 2,50,00,000 0.00000008

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

23-2

5 Se

pt. 1

919

19-2

3 M

ay 1

926

22-2

6 M

ay 1

941

21-2

4 O

ct 1

947

22-2

4 O

ct 1

958

8-10

Oct

196

030

-31

Oct

196

0

5-9

May

196

128

-29

May

196

3

9-12

May

196

57-

15 D

ec 1

965

23 S

ep.-

01 O

ct. 1

966

8-10

Oct

196

78-

13 N

ov 1

970

5-9

Dec

197

322

-25

May

198

5

24-3

0 N

ov 1

988

25-3

0 A

pril

1991

24 A

pr-0

2 M

ay 1

994

15-1

9 M

ay 1

997

24-2

7 N

ov 1

997

16-2

0 M

ay 1

998

10-1

2 N

ov 2

002

Popu

latio

n Ki

lled

(%)

ConclusionConclusionCyclone: It is observed that the loss of lives and properties hCyclone: It is observed that the loss of lives and properties has been as been

minimized the to 11 because of correct and timely weather forecaminimized the to 11 because of correct and timely weather forecast st and Disaster management.and Disaster management.

Flood: The losses has been reduced to a minimum due to correct Flood: The losses has been reduced to a minimum due to correct flood forecast well in time and proper management.flood forecast well in time and proper management.

Squall/Tornado: Death tolls also minimum for issuing warning wiSquall/Tornado: Death tolls also minimum for issuing warning with th sufficient lead time.sufficient lead time.

Heavy rainfall warning: Losses and damages also reduced mainly Heavy rainfall warning: Losses and damages also reduced mainly the crops for better forecasts and management.the crops for better forecasts and management.

Heat and Cold Wave: Lives are saved also from unpleasant heat aHeat and Cold Wave: Lives are saved also from unpleasant heat and nd cold wave because of better warning.cold wave because of better warning.

Lives are also saved from the capsize of the river going vesselLives are also saved from the capsize of the river going vessels s because of the squall and tornado.because of the squall and tornado.

Agricultural forecast: It helps for better planning, seedling, Agricultural forecast: It helps for better planning, seedling, pesticides, harvesting, etc for better yield of the crops.pesticides, harvesting, etc for better yield of the crops.

Drought: Drought warning helps for decision of arranging of Drought: Drought warning helps for decision of arranging of irrigation for better yield. irrigation for better yield.