BIOMECHANICSQSS 2063

Presenter :

Group Leader : Muhamad Zahir B. Yahaya(D20052024603)

Group Member : Muhammad Aedi hafriez B. Suhaimi (D20052024597)

Mohd Shaiful B. Hj Mohd Bohari (D20052024566)

Siti Noor Bt Ismail (D20052024592)

Title of Project :

THE ROLE OF BIOMECHANICS IN THE ROLE OF BIOMECHANICS IN MAXIMISING DISTANCE OF GOLF MAXIMISING DISTANCE OF GOLF

SHOTSSHOTS(FULL SWING IN GOLF)(FULL SWING IN GOLF)

HISTORY OF GOLF

This sport originated from Scotland in the 1100s.

It was also mentioned in February 26 in the year 1297 in the Netherlands in a city called Loenen aan de Vecht.

Dutch played a game with a stick and leather ball.

The word golf derives from the Dutch kolf meaning stick, club or bat.

CHAPTER 1

1.1 Objective of Studies

Determine if angular velocity will affected the maximal distances of golf shot.

Testing of upper extremity including the muscles such as deltoid, bicep, triceps and flexor capillaries during full swing.

CHAPTER 2CHAPTER 2

2.1 Introduction

The first game of golf for which records survive was played at Bruntsfield Links, in Edinburgh, Scotland, in A.D. 1456, recorded in the archives of the Edinburgh Burgess Golfing Society, now The Royal Burgess Golfing Society.

The professional sport was initially dominated by Scottish then English golfers, but since World War I, America has produced the greatest quantity of leading professional the followed by Commonwealth countries such as Australia and South Africa are also traditional powers in the sport.

(Hilary Bruggen, president of Washington D.C.-based Strelmark LLC)

2.2 Review of literature

The purpose is to maximize the accuracy of chipping and putting the short, the golfer should produce the a lower grip on the club and a slower /shorter full swing.

Golf biomechanics applies the principles and technique of mechanics to the structure and function of the golfer in an effort to improve golf technique and performance.

(Geisler 2001)

2.3 Anatomy Of Hand

CHAPTER 3

3.1 METHOD

3.1.1 Plan

SET UP EMG (TELEMETRY)

Place For Subject Warm-

up

Cone

Subject

SET UP DART FISH

Place For Subject Warm-

up

camera

5 m

Cone

Subject

SubjectSubject Name : Mohd Zaki B Zakaria

Age : 22 Years

Sex : Male

Weight : 62 kg

Height : 174 cm

Blood : O

Handicap : 17

Experience : 4 years in golf

Majlis Sukan Sekolah- sekolah Perak (MSSP)

2000

3.2 EQUIPMENT

EMG (Telemetry)EMG (Telemetry) 2 Dimension Camera2 Dimension Camera Dart Fish Software Dart Fish Software

3.2.1 Apparatus

• EMGEMG

Electrode

Channel

Cont….Cont….

Battery

Memory Card

Computer

• Dart Fish

Handy Cam

Handy Cam Stand

KonCalibration Stick

3.3 Procedure

EMG EMG I. The subject wearing suitable attire.II. The equipment must be check up before

the test.III. All EMG equipment were set up and EMG

electrode must be place in the involved muscle.

IV. First, subject must warm up before do the test.

V. Next, the subject must be prepared to do the test. The marker were placed :a) Deltoidb) Tricep Brachii c) Bicep d) Flexor Carpi Ulnalis

VI. All data were collected after finish all the test.

ELECTRODE MARKER

DELTOID

TRICEP BRACHII

FLEXOR CARPI ULNALIS

BICEP

DART FISH

I. Subject must warm up before do the test.II. All Dart Fish Programs equipment were

set up and marker must be place in the involved muscle.

III. Next, the subject must be prepared to do the test.

IV. The test had be done for 3 trials.V. All data were collected after finish all the

test.

CHAPTER 4

4.1 Result

EMG (Telemetry)

BACKSWING

DOWN SWING

FOLLOWTROUGH

Data Collection

Length between 0.05 – 1.35 sec to perform a full swing.

In this phase muscle were contract to generated power to hit the ball.

Deltoid generate 0.200 V when perform a back swing. It is because deltoid are relatively in active (John T Metz).

For the other muscle such as triceps have 0.500 V in 0.25 sec. And bicep the volts generated at 1.300 V.

In this case this muscle are use to perform back swing therefore it’s maybe the impact of flexes the elbow in back swing.

According Gorman J. (2001) the purpose of the follow through is to decelerate the body and club head by using eccentric muscle actions

Result

Back Swing

Muscle Trial

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

Deltoid 0.200 v 0.300 v 0.300 v

Tricep 0.500 v 0.300 v 1.600 v

Bicep 1.300 v 0.500 v 0.600 v

Flexor CarpiUlnalis

0.400 v 0.400 v 0.900 v

BACK SWING GRAPH ANALYSIS

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

DELTOID TRICEP BICEP FLEXORCARPI

ULNALIS

MUSCLES

VO

LT

S (

v)

TRIAL 1

TRIAL 2

TRIAL 3

In back swing, result shown that tricep muscle contraction were higher than other muscles. This construction used 1.600 volts.

It is because, the right elbow flexes to keep the shaft of club travel along a plane. (Lippincott,1968)

Down Swing

Muscle Trial

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

Deltoid 0.700 v 2.200 v 0.500 v

Tricep 2.900 v 0.400 v 1.700 v

Bicep 2.600 v 0.600 v 2.100 v

Flexor CarpiUlnalis

1.800 v 2.100 v 1.200 v

In down swing, result shown that tricep muscle contraction were higher than other muscles. This construction used 2.900 volts.

In this phase it’s a cause of impact the hand in firm to grip a club (Budney and Bellow).

DOWN SWING GRAPH ANALYSIS

00.5

11.5

22.5

33.5

DELTOID TRICEP BICEP FLEXORCARPI

ULNALIS

MUSCLES

VO

LT

S (

v)

TRIAL 1

TRIAL 2

TRIAL 3

Follow Through

Muscle Trial

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

Deltoid 0.500 v 1.100 v 0.400 v

Tricep 0.300 v 0.100 v 0.300 v

Bicep 0.400 v 1.500 v 0.100 v

Flexor CarpiUlnalis

0.700 v 1.000 v 0.600 v

In follow through, the result still shown that bicep muscle contraction were higher than other muscles. This contraction used 1.500 volts

According Gorman J. (2001) the purpose of the follow through is to decelerate the body and club head by using eccentric muscle actions

FOLLOW THROUGH GRAPH ANALYSIS

00.20.40.60.8

11.21.41.6

DELTOID TRICEP BICEP FLEXORCARPI

ULNALIS

MUSCLES

VO

LT

S (

v)

TRIAL 1

TRIAL 2

TRIAL 3

All the 3 trial we have, the best swing is trial 1.

This is because the first trial muscle contraction involves greater than trial 2 and trial 3.

Angle and angular Velocity Maximizing Distance in Golf

Shot

The angle of back wing for amateur approximately 288.5 degrees and for professional 285.5 degrees

The amateur time is 01.702 sec and professional strike is 01.640 sec.

The amateur got angular velocity of 99.58 deg/sec while the professional golfers create 106.15 deg/sec.

Formula

It’s mean the maximum the angular velocity that the golf created it’s will effect the distance of ball shot.

Result Back Swing

Time To Contact

Ball

Angular displaceme

nt

Angular velocity

Amateur 288.5° 00:01.701s

174.09 deg/s

106.15 deg/s

Professional

285.5° 00:01.640s

169.50 deg/s

99.58 deg/s

CHAPTER 5

5.1 DISCUSSION

In our study we found that:• (EMG) shown that triceps and deltoid in

right position muscles are important in generating maximizing power in golf swing that result similar to CAPT John P. Metz, 2002 studied in managing golfer injury

• Muscles contraction of our subject are shown lower especially right shoulder and right deltoid. To support our findings Cheetham et. al., McLean and McTeigue et al said the upper extremities such right shoulder and right deltoid is in active in golf swing during down swing.

• Maximum angular velocity combined with the biggest radius possible gives the greatest speed to the striking portion of a club (Kurt Thomas)

• We feel that our subject’s previous experience are posses technique with professional golfer such as great arch of angles in back swing may have been the main reason behind the professional swing.

5.2 CONCLUSION

An understanding of correct technique should help the sports practitioner provide technique advice and should help reduce the risk of golfing injury.

Although our subject single handicap , he posses similar to professional golfer for example :

1. Angles of back swing2. Time is quit same to execute the shot

We recommended to our subject should have their own specific strength and conditioning programmes especially focusing on upper extremities may be to improve performance in many sports, including golf. The literature research done by Burden et al 2005 suggest that physical and strength programmer will improve the distance

THANK YOU