Heal,feed,sustain: How Biotechnology can save the word?

Heal,feed,sustain: How Biotechnology can save the word?Biotechnology of Animal feedBy Syeda Batool AbbasRamsha toor

PROBLEMS

Biotechnology in Animal FeedBiotechnology is used to improve livestock feed by: Improving nutrient contentImproving the digestibility of low quality animal feeds Increasing production capabilityEliminating the deficiency of mineral ions or proteins

Main areas to focus uponDevelopment of genetically modified feed ingredientsIn order to nutritionally enhance Improve production capabilitiesImprove certain feed ingredientsWhich have;Inheritably low nutritional capabilitiesLow protein contentAnti-nutritive factorsDeficiency of certain amino acids

Solution for Nutritional Improvement

Value added feed Normal corn Indigestible Phosphorous present in phytate form.Animals lack enzyme phytase to digest them to get free phosphorous. Causes environmental pollution releasing undigested Phosphorous into the environment.Low phytate cornTwo to three times more highly digestible inorganic phosphorus than normal corn .More crude fat and protein present. Environment friendly. When broiler chicken was fed with this corn they increased body weight, showed improved feed conversion, increased linoleic acid in the egg yolk.High oil corn was also developed with more fat and protein content.

Value added feed Low oligosaccharide soybean: Soybeans contain oligosaccharides that act as anti-nutritive factors . So less oligosaccharide content means increased amino acid and dry matter digestibility. Soybeans with high Lysine: Lysine is essential for animal diet 3 to 4.5% increase in lysine Reduces the supplementation addition of lysine

Value added feedGenetically modified crops with improved Amino acid profile: More amino acid content Less Nitrogen excretion in poultry

Value added feedGolden rice: Reduced allergens in foodImproved nutritional content More quantity Good quality Combats hunger and malnutrition diseases.

Solution to the Problems: BIOTECHNOLOGY

Feed AdditivesBy Ramsha Toor

What are Feed additives?A feed additive is a food supplements for farm animals that the animal cannot get enough from regular meals that the farmers provide. these additives include vitamins, amino acids, fatty acids, and minerals.In some cases if an animal does not have some specific nutrition in its diet it may not grow properly. Adding these nutrients to the animal feed improves animal digestion.

Commonly used Feed additivesA lot of feed additives are currently used and new concepts are continuously developedEnzymesPre-bioticsPro-bioticsDietary amino acids Metabolic modifiers

EnzymesEnzymes are the biological catalyst which when added to animal feed:Improve the nutrient availability from feed stuffsLower feed costsReduce anti-nutritional effects from some feed ingredientEXAMPLE:Microbial phytase is an enzyme which breaks down the indigestible phytic acid in cereals and oilseeds and release digestible phosphorus. This reduces the use of expensive supplement inorganic phosphorus (dicalcium phosphate). Phyate also releases other minerals like (Ca, Mg and Zn)

ProbioticsProbiotics is a term used to describe live bacteria in animal feed.Such beneficial, probiotic bacteria aid in digestion and nutrient uptake of feed.Probiotics also help to built beneficial bacteria in intestine and exclude pathogenic bacteriaThese probiotics release enzymes which helps in the digestion of feed

Commonly used ProbioticsThe most commonly used pro-biotic organisms are:Aspergillus oryzaeLactobacillus acidophilusStreptococcus lactisSaccharomyces cerevisiaeThese can be administered through water or incorporated into the feed.

Pre-bioticsPrebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and activity of one or a limited number of bacteria in the colon.These are food for pro-bioticsMannan oligosaccharide (MOS)Mixed oligo dextrinThe advantage of re-biotics is that it can stand high palletizing temperatures and help in long shelf life of the feed

Minerals and VitaminsThe absorption and availability of inorganic trace minerals varies depending uponthe nature of the minerals (sulphate, oxide or carbonate)their solubilityTrace minerals are now being attached to oligopeptides to make them more bioavailable. In the case of vitamins due to varying availability and stability of vitamins in ingredients supplemental vitamins are incorporated in diets.These vitamins are much more stable than naturally occurring forms. Stability is achieved through the application of advanced technologies which involve preparation of biologically active derivatives, coating technologies, carriers and diluents.

Dietary Amino acidsEssential amino acids are added to the animal feed to get balanced amino acid profileThe new trend is to formulate diets on digestible amino acids so that protein requirement is reducedLysine is produced by microbial fermentation and added as a supplementGenetically modified microbes are being used to produce threonine and tryptophan on commercial basisUsing these amino acids it is possible to lower dietary crude protein level by 2-3% which is significant saving for the farmer

Metabolic modifiersThese molecules ae the group of compounds that modify animal metabolism in specific and directed waysImproving productive efficiency (milk yield per feed unit)Improving carcass composition in growing animalsIncreasing milk yield in lactating animalsTwo classes of compounds are commonly usedSomatotropins Adrenergic agonists

Metabolic modifiersOn commercial scale these compounds are produce by using recombinant DNA technology to selectively produce specific components for species Bovine somatotropin is administrated in dairy cowsAdministering of androgenic agonist results in weight gain and carcass leanness

Merits of using Biotechnology in animal feedsIncreases the digestibility of low quality feeds through the addition of supplements Less phosphorus would be thrown in the litter and manure which would lead to control of eutrophication and algal bloomReduces the use of expensive supplements (dicalcium phosphate)Increase milk and meat yieldDecrease animal wasteDecrease the cost of animal feed

Referenceshttp://nationalhogfarmer.com/mag/farming_lowphytate_corn_workshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3j1zohIVwA ( Role of biotechnology in sustaining the environment)http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/guththila-422583-biotechnology-animal-feed-biology-technology-science-education-ppt-powerpoint/http://www.biotecharticles.com/Agriculture-Article/Biotechnology-in-Animal-Feed-and-Feeding-162.htmlhttp://www.fao.org/docrep/article/agrippa/660_en-06.htm#TopOfPagehttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9783527615353.fmatter/pdf

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