role of blood bank in disaster management
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ROLE OF BLOOD BANK IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
ABSTRACT
Disaster is a manmade or natural hazard or a tragic event causing significant physical damage. A disaster management system is a set of organized and disciplined events in order to decrease the loss or damage caused. We think that disaster management is a cycle which includes preparedness for disaster, response given to the disaster according to the plan, evaluation of the plan on the basis of the errors caused, reconstruction and development of a new plan to respond to the disaster and prevention of it.
Knowing the importance of disaster management in today’s world of increasing manmade disaster this year I studied a system playing very crucial role in disaster management system. I chose the topic role of blood bank in disaster management. Blood saves a person’s life. Blood components also play very essential role in casualty’s body after the loss of blood. And loss of blood is quite obvious after occurrence of a disaster. Blood cannot be prepared in laboratory; it has to be taken from a person or donor and is given to another person or receiver. Hence blood bank is a necessary system.
INTRODUCTION
Futurology is an analytical, reasoned out prediction of future. Initially, it was a tool to study the trends in oil prices, fashion designs etc. Though many different versions of the future abound, the study in much more difficult to master and its general principles must be learnt through study.
Futurology or future studies are the discipline of exploring possible ends that the beginnings of today and yesterday will transform into. It is rapidly increasing area of research due to the fact that society is so rapidly changing. Predictions by many futurists have turned into reality now.
Predicting the future is by no means an easy tasks and requires considerable erudition, creativity, wisdom insight and detailed study of trend of past. This is because the future will certainly not be the same as it is today if we use what we see around us; today to predict the future we will not add into play components from both the past and future. The amount by which the world can change in just a few decades is beyond comprehension and clearly beyond prediction.
However, a detailed study of past and present trends, gives us a probable prediction of future, for which we are prepared. By the means of futurology, the ‘undesirable’ can be transformed to ‘desirable’. Most of all the predictions of future, exploring the possibilities, searching for future truths provide a ‘pure joy’!
ALVIN TOFFLER
Alvin Toffler is an American writer, futurist or speculative socialist born on 3rd October 1928. He is known for his works discussing digital revolution, communication revolution, corporate revolution and technological singularity. He is a former associate editor of Fortune magazine and his early work is focused on technology and its impact.
Then he moved to examining the reaction of changes in the society. His later focus has been on the increasing power of 21st century military hardware, weapons, technology proliferation and capitalism. He is married to Heidi Toffler.
Toffler invented the term “Future Shock” to describe “the dizzying disorientation brought on by premature arrival of the future. His 1970 book, “Future Shock” was on the bestseller list in hardcover edition and later a Bantam paperback for a total of 78 weeks. He also wrote books like “Third wave”, “The adaptive corporation”, “Revolutionary Wealth”, “Power shift” and “War and anti-war”.
What is blood bank??
Blood Bank: A place where blood is collected from donors, typed, separated into components, stored and prepared for transfusion to recipients.
Blood Donation : A Blood donation is a process in which blood is collected from a healthy person, tested, separated and then transfused to the body of a healthy person.
Rules for Blood Donation: The donor should be in good health conditions. He or she should not be
under any medication. The donor should have an average hemoglobin level. There should always be a gap of 56 days before the next donation. The donors should always fill the complete questionnaire regarding
donation.
The age of donor should be at least 18 years.
Process of blood donation:
A questionnaire is filled out by the donor. The questions are designed to identify the health problems of the donors or infections that may be present.
A finger sticks yields a drop testing determines if the donor has high enough hematocrit to safely donate blood.
The blood is drawn into a capillary tube which is the spun in the small centrifuge [seen in the background] to determine the hematocrit.
An inflatable cuff on the arm is used to check blood pressure and to maintain venous filing.
The site for drawing blood is selected and disinfected. A prominent vein is chosen for the venipuncture site.
The disinfectant is applied to the area around the vein to be used. Blood fills the collection bag by gravity in a few minutes. The seated plastic
collection bag contains a blood preservative.
Blood storage:
Routine blood storage limits (short term): 1.5 weeks for WBC 2.6 weeks for RBC -This storage involves refrigeration but not freezing -There is a controversy about age of blood and its efficiency i.e. older the
blood lesser is the efficiency which increases the risk.
Long term storage:
Cryopreservation: It is a process which stores rare units of RBC for 3 years. Very rare units can be stored even longer.
Cells incubated in glycerol solution acts as cryoprotectant (antifreeze) within the cells, and then these units are placed in special sterile containers in a freezer at very cold temperature. (Exact temperature depends on glycerol concentration)
Opportunities to the System of Blood Bank:
Blood donation saves one’s life. This is why the need for blood will be always there irrespective of the season, month etc. The constant need of blood will never cause the system of blood bank to die and it makes the system more sustainable.
A recent research says that blood donation consistently after 3 or 4 months makes a person healthy. Thus, if proper awareness is created in the donors there wouldn’t be shortage of blood to the system.
Nowadays there has been a great technological development in the system Glycerisation and crystallization of blood components gives them a longer life. Machines are reducing the time needed for testing of blood. Increase in capacity of refrigeration allows more storage of blood.
Due to use of machines in most blood testing, transfusion and collection processes the required manpower is reducing and thus it leads to the decreasing manual errors.
Threats to the System Of Blood Bank:
1. Nowadays as awareness is being created about blood donation, a lot of blood is collected during special occasions like Independence Day, republic day or Gandhi jayanti. It may not always be needed at that times and thus sometimes a lot of blood is wasted.
2. Diseases like diabetes, AIDS are spreading rapidly. So, the blood donated is needed to be checked. Errors can be caused due to rush where the testing is not automated and this can cause death of a person.
3. Lack of trained technicians or carelessness of staff can cause fatal to the casualty. Most economically unstable blood banks do not have the blood transfusion, blood donation, blood testing are not automated by machine where these manual errors are very common.
4. There are many misunderstandings regarding blood donation which have still kept many healthy donors away from blood donation which in future can cause a major threat to the system.
METHODOLOGY
For the project,I visited many blood banks and hospitals. They are listed below:-
1. Deenanath Mangeshkar Blood Bank-Dr. Sanjeev Ketkar2. Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital-Dr. Prasad Rajhans3. Sasoon Blood Bank 4. Armed Forces Medical College Blood Bank5. Aacharya Aanand Hrishiji Blood Bank6. Sahyadri Blood Bank7. Janakalyan Blood Bank
Besides, primary data collected with the help of questionnaire, I have also collected the relevant secondary data from various sources like magazine, books and internet.
Based on relevant primary and secondary data, a comparative analysis has been done so as to find out the areas of excellence and areas of improvement of all these organizations. The project was conducted in Pune so the information is relative to this city only.
In this compiled work, a description of the place of study is given. A graphical representation on the data obtained is also given as annexure. A verification of my hypothesis, stated below and some policy recommendations are mentioned too.
HYPOTHESIS
Deenanath Mangeshkar Blood Bank is a self sufficient, highly equipped and modern blood bank in comparison to others.
As a student of Economics, to study about the reliability and functioning of any firm or institution due to various contributing factors like quality, skills of services etc. is a part of my course. I chose the above hypothesis so that I could combine my knowledge with the practical experience to know more about how the factors like skills of services, facilities, reliability etc. contribute to the preference of one blood bank over others.
BACKGROUND OF THE RESEARCH
State- Maharashtra
No. of cities in Maharashtra-189
City under study-Pune
Areas under study-Pune city
Blood banks under study- Deenanath Mangeshkar Blood Bank, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Sasoon Blood Bank,Armed Forces Medical College Blood Bank, Janakalyan Blood Bank, Sahyadri Blood Bank, Aacharya Aanand Hrishiji Blood Bank
Total No of specified blood banks in Pune city-40
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONS
The graphs below show the distribution of these blood banks in Pune City and the overall rating of different blood banks in different categories like facilities, rates, modern machinery, ambulance, doctors etc.
DISTRIBUTIONDeenanath Mangeshkar
Sahyadri
Sasoon
Janakalyan
A.F.M.C.
GRAPH-1
Deenanath Mangeshkar
Sahyadri Sasoon Janakalyan A.F.M.C.0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
DoctorsAmbulanceModern MachineryRatesFacilities
GRAPH-2
As evident from the graph-2, I have rated every blood bank out of 20 in each category mentioned above and conclusion is drawn after combining ratings of different categories together, Janakalyan and A.F.M.C. are almost at par with each other. But looking individually every blood bank is good and bad depending on the category.
1. Deenanath Mangeshkar Blood Bank-Dr. Sanjeev Ketkar:-
I visited the blood bank of Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital. It is a self sufficient, well equipped and modern blood bank. Dr. Sanjeev Ketkar, Head, Blood bank, guided and explained about the mechanism of the blood bank, blood donation ,component separation, storage in a special way and distribution in case of need (to their hospital and also the other hospitals). I also got the information about the basic principles and theory. Also, he told me about their efficient disaster management system .I asked him some questions regarding my survey.
2. Sahyadri Blood Bank:-I made a survey in this blood bank and got the information about their Blood Bank and their disaster management system.
3. Sasoon Blood Bank:-
It is a municipal hospital. The rates are very cheap and so affordable to every person. I did a survey in sasoon and got the information about their disaster management system and the role of a common man in it.
4. Janakalyan Blood Bank:-I collected statistical data regarding need of blood, distribution according to blood groups. This blood bank provides blood to many hospitals and free service is provided for poor patients.
5. Armed Forces Medical College (A.F.M.C.) Blood Bank:-The experience was not so good but I was guided about the further work I should do in the project.
TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS
I prepared a questionnaire and surveyed some blood banks regarding their blood bank disaster management systems. From the answers, I concluded that according to these blood banks, a disaster is any case of acute emergency caused by the man or the nature. These blood banks face disasters very frequently. Need of 40-45 bags in a few minutes can also be a disaster. When a disaster occurs, blood banks generally prefer to save a severe casualty who can be saved but these priorities may differ according to the situations. Most of the blood banks have 4-6 ambulances for the transport of blood. In case of any disaster, the blood banks generally don’t suffer through blood shortage as they conduct blood donation camps very often. But in case of blood shortage in a disaster, they have some volunteer donors or, the relatives of the casualties also donate blood. The blood banks provide all emergency facilities to the patients. Free services are also provided. The patients are not neglected. In case of a disaster, the beds of private wards are shifted to general wards and in that space, the casualty patients are accommodated. They can also be accommodated in the ICU. All the blood banks are ready with an efficient blood bank system for disaster management. They have the latest technology machines. If the blood banks conduct a blood donation camp in which plenty of blood is collected but if the need of blood is not in the same ratio, then after 35 days, they need to dispose it off and blood is wasted. But generally 2-5% blood is wasted. Most of the blood banks face no profit and no loss. But in case of government aided hospitals, the financial loss is barred by the government itself.
Donor Testing of blood Blood bag
CONCLUSION
The 3 ‘M’s should be present in every blood bank. The 3 ‘m’s are: - Money, Man power, Machines.
These 3 things make a blood bank an efficient one. When a disaster occurs man power is the most essential thing. But only having man power is not useful, managing it is more necessary. Blood bank should own proper and developed technology which would help in rapid testing of blood. Trained pathologists and lab-technicians are also very important for a blood bank.
REFERENCES
1. Dr.Sanjeev Ketkar
2. Dr.Prasad Rajhans
3. Dr.Parag Rathod
4. Deenanath Mangeshkar Blood Bank
5. Sasoon Blood Bank
6. Sahyadri Hospital Blood Bank
7. Janakalyan Blood Bank
Internet references
8. www. pune diary.com/html/ blood .html
9. www.dmhospital.org
10. www .janakalyan blood bank.org
11. www.future.wikia.com
12. www.futurestudies.com
13. www.futurology/futuropredictions.com