role of community participation in habitat development khan agency for habitat _ mch hrd... ·...

93rd Foundation Course

Dr. MCR HRD Institute

Govt. of Telangana

Hyderabad

Role of Community Participation

in Habitat Development

Mandate of AKAH

2

Ensure that people live in physical settings

that are as safe as possible from the

effects of natural disasters and those

who live in conditions at risk are able

to cope through preparedness and

response, with access to social and

financial services that provide opportunities

for a better Quality of Life

HABITAT DEVELOPMENT QUALITY OF LIFE

3 C’s for success

3

Consistency

Concentration

Cooperative endeavour

(Community participation)

Guiding Approaches

Sustainability

Youth &

Gender

Professionalism

Knowledge

and Capacity

Sharing

Focus on

Community

needs

When no known

solution exists,

innovate 4

5 5

VALUE PROPOSITION IN HABITAT DEVELOPMENT

Quality of assessments

Quality of awareness and education

Quality of habitat products

Quality of Life

3 main indicators for Quality of Life

6

Happiness – Rural happiness v/s urban

Inclusiveness – Socio-economic, gender, age

Dignity – Personal dignity, family pride and

community empowerment

7

Creating social change in the Built Environment

Participatory

Gender inclusive

Idea generation

Taking ownership

Socio-cultural nuances

Equity

8

Defining Rural Happiness

Habitat safety

Coping capacity

Water and Sanitation

Livelihood opportunities

9


Dignity and security

10


11


Self esteem, decision making

capacity and a voice in society

12

Evolving nature of rural habitat

Disaster resistant

Construction using

local materials

Masons’ training

and capacity building

Beneficiary

Contribution

Improved Quality of Life

Due to

Safe, Secure and Healthy

Habitat

13

Providing an enabling environment

Access to finance

•Linkage with banks for financial access

Access to developmental

support

•Linkage with rural development

agencies

•Networking with other NGOs for

agricultural and infrastructure

issues.

15

Providing habitat solutions to

ensure personal dignity

16

EUPEK School Improvement Programme

Kampala, Uganda

“Only when my father-in-

law is not in house do I

bathe with my petticoat

on…and very quickly.

What if someone

comes? I do not bathe

daily; only on alternate

days.”

Privacy

“I have to go early in the

morning or in the night, there

is no other choice. I sit down,

and if someone passes by, I

have to stand up…then sit

down again…it is difficult. Ten

times I stand and sit again. I

feel embarrassed, naturally. At

times I just come back.”

Women’s Voices on Sanitation-1

17


Kampala, Uganda

When I had diarrhoea it was painful to walk

the long distances, my clothes got dirty. I

was so fed up, that I sat for the whole day

under a tree instead of coming home each

time. The place was so dirty that I felt like

vomiting but I had no choice.”

Convenience

“I am pregnant, I face a lot of difficulty - I feel

giddy, nauseous and even vomit on the way. I have

to walk slowly and stop frequently to rest when the

pain in my stomach becomes unbearable.”

Women’s Voices on Sanitation-2

AGA KHAN DEVELOPMENT NETWORK

18

Safety & Security

“I am scared of going alone. There are several

instances when men rape young girls as they go to

relieve themselves. They become pregnant and

have to undergo an abortion. So, we go together,

sit in different places and keep a watch.” Disability

“ It takes an hour to crawl to the wada and back.

I find it extremely humiliating to be seen

crawling. Often, I go alone and cannot carry

any water with me; I can only clean myself when

I return home. It feels like hell, there is a sense

of anger and I get irritated with my condition.”

AGA KHAN DEVELOPMENT NETWORK

19


Kampala, Uganda

“I started my labour pains, the birth

attendant gave me an enema, my

stomach swelled and suddenly I had to

run to a nearby courtyard, I could not

run to the wada. I sat there in the

courtyard without water and then ran

home and immediately delivered.”

Dignity

“To bathe we all go tothe ‘tabela’ (cattle

shed) as there is water there. But the

landlord shouts at us, he says the

water is for the cattle not for you all.”

20

Redefining the housing paradigm through a

community perspective

Strengthening community governance and

awareness

Assessing demand and facilitating supply

Ensuring sustainable housing development :

social, environmental, economic

Providing security of tenure

21 21

HABITAT EDUCATION ACTIVITY:

‘Aashiyana’ events are

conducted where

home owners are

motivated to

understand their roles

and responsibilities

towards the upkeep,

maintenance and

improvement of their

physical habitat

‘Abhilasha’ addresses

the elected, nominated

or volunteer members

of the managing

committees in matters

related to legal and

management issues as

well as in matters

related to their

authority and

accountability towards

society members

IMPACT:

These

programmes

create strong

housing society

governance

leading to

improved living

conditions,

longevity of

structures and

improving of

Quality of Life

HIP –Habitat Awareness Program (Aashiyana)

www.akdn.org 22

Aashiyana conducted at

Seismic Zone V, Mundra (urban area)

Aashiyana conducted at

Seismic Zone IV, Chitravad (rural area)

HIP –World Environment Day

www.akdn.org 23

World Environment Day celebrated by

school children in rural Gujarat

Tree plantation drive undertaken by

communities to support Maharashtra

Government's Initiative

Awareness Rally at Maliya Hatina

Drawing competition Maliya-Hatina

New Energy efficient products introduced for the community like LED bulbs, solar heaters etc. Conducted community activities like wall paintings done by society members for Climate change awareness sessions

Community Wall paintings

World Environment Day

25

HABITAT EDUCATION

Quality of Life

Safety

Resilience

Services

Opportunity

Improve safety of physical settings by pursuing risk reduction

Ensure physical settings are conducive for access to social and financial services

Ensure physical settings are conducive for economic opportunities

Improve individual, community & institutional coping capability

Strategic Framework

26

Safety

Drivers to ensure safety:

Understanding the physical risk of

each habitat

Build and plan in keeping with risk

assessment

Build and retrofit to appropriate

standards of safety

Implement mitigation

measures to natural hazards

Implement multi-hazard early warning systems and risk

anticipation capacity

Create physical settings that promote inclusion

27

28

Hazard Profile of India

Earthquake Cyclone Flood

India 58.6% landmass prone

to Earthquake (Zone V,

IV & III)

8% landmass prone to

Cyclone

12% landmass prone to

Floods

29

What does all this mean to urban population?

• Urban dwellers will be forced to cope with rising numbers of

disasters

• As people & assets concentrate in cities, there is more to lose

when hazards strikes

• Disasters are likely to become more severe than before

Need for Safe & Sustainable Urban Habitat Development

30

Assessment of needs : Flood control

Seasonal

flooding and

water logging in

village streets

Community efforts at

disaster risk

reduction and

infrastructure

planning with CSOs

31

Elements of Hazard Vulnerability and Risk Analysis

Risk assessment

Susceptibility Coping

Capacity

Adaptive

Capacity

Exposure

Vulnerability Indicators and Parameter

S

Settlement

inaccessibility

Food insecurity

Distance to administrative

centers

tertiary care

facilities

Dependency ratio

Structural vulnerability

A

School Enrolment

Poverty

Improved Sanitation

Facility

Insurance coverage

Livelihood Diversificati

on

Primary source of livelihood

C

Emergency Equipment

Disaster Preparedness

EWS

Civil Society

Safe Haven &

Emergency shelter

Alternate Clean

drinking water

Commun. system

Access to Stockpile

SUSCEPTIBILITY COPING CAPACITY

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

Resilience

Improving community and institutional preparedness

& response capacity

Relocate settlements from unsustainable locations to

safe and viable areas

Create long term resettlement options through land banking

Drivers to ensure resilience:

33

34

• Government the primary stakeholder

• Community an equal partner

Reaching out to communities

in Post-disaster reconstruction projects

35

Jammu and Kashmir

36

Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh

Sanitation initiative strategies by AKAH,I

Planning

Implementation

Sustainability

phase

Note: Hygiene promotion will be carried out at every stage mentioned above.

Village wise

Design implementation approach

Panchayat/CBOs/ Swachata Doots

Mass awareness -community mobilisation

Interpersonal communication/ CLTS

Skilled masons

Linkages with Supply chain

Hand holding community for

sustainability

Spot checks/Audits/Community

monitoring

Baseline survey

Open defecation elimination

plan

Grass root capacity

development

Advocacy and

communication

Toilet construction

Follow-up

Maintenance and evaluation

Analysis of what worked

• Participatory, inclusive, gender sensitive, village

coverage strategies


• Entry level community mobilisation and capacity building

of key stakeholders and village resources


• Health hygiene education and behaviour change

activities preceded construction


• Emphasis on bottom up approach & holistic development


• Sensitivity to cultural norms and local context for

construction.


• Compulsory beneficiary contribution- access to finance

• Effective coordination with government

agencies/schemes for water distribution and availability


• Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) ensures

sustainable model for usage and maintenance

“I grew up in an

environment

where I had to

openly defecate

but I was willing to

construct a

sanitation unit for

my daughters to

safeguard their

dignity”

Site and context specific solutions

Sanitation unit in Kashmir Sanitation unit in southern Gujarat

Sanitation unit in tribal areas of Maharashtra Sanitation unit in coastal areas of Telangana

Proof of concept

Program Geography Duration Target

(HH)

Environment Sanitation Program

(ESP)

Patan and Junagadh -

Gujarat

1995-2000 5500

Multi Sectoral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation

Program

(MSRRP)

Bhuj- Gujarat 2002-2005 1000

Gujarat Environment Health Improvement

Program

(GEHIP)


Gujarat

2001-2005 1400

Environment Health Improvement Program

(EHIP)


Gujarat

2007-2009 8800

Andhra Pradesh – from Relief to Development

(APR-2D)

Krishna District -

Andhra Pradesh

2006-2009 432

Coastal Area Development Program (supported

by SRTT, AKRSP, Ambuja Cement, WASMO)

Amreli and Bhavnagar,

Gujarat

2010-2015 3000

AKDN Sanitation Initiative Amreli, Bhavnagar and

Gir Somnath

2015-2019 20000

Rural Health Improvement Program

(RuHIP)

Palghar , Maharashtra 2014- 2017 400

Proof of concept

Studies Undertaken Papers Published Networks and

Advocacy

Key Value

Propositions

Environmental Health

Improvement Project:

Lessons from the field

EHIP – A solution to meet

global challenges

Sanitation: A new way of

life adopted by women in

rural Gujarat

Drivers and Barriers

towards achieving 100%

sanitation

School Sanitation and

Hygiene Education among

Schools: An experience

from Gujarat, India

Water and Sanitation

Management

Organization

(WASMO)

District Rural

Development Agency

(DRDA)

Coastal Salinity

Prevention Cell

(CSPC)

Tata Institute of Social

Sciences (TISS)

Village coverage

approach

Inclusiveness

Gender and Equity

Adhering to cultural

norms

Pro-poor

Technology

adaptation

Sanitation in Rural Gujarat:

Policy Lessons from

Project Implementation

Role of subsidies in

Swachh Bharat Mission

Menstrual Health

Management – An

exploratory study of

adoslecent girls in tribal

areas

Baseline and endline

survey of EHIP

Action research on Bio-

digestor toilets in tribal

areas

Analysis of what failed to work

• Building toilets does not ensure usage.

• Many villages without 100 percent sanitation coverage

declared ODF Target driven approach not sustainable

• Financial subsidies are not the only drivers for change

• Absence of coordination between departments and

schemes for availing benefits

• Delayed disbursements and/or lack of transparency

• Sanitation and waste management technology has not

penetrated to users and owners

• Inadequate awareness, education, communication

• Impact analysis not known

• Water availability not ensured

• Mismatch of baseline survey data

• Extremely poor communities do not have linkages with

bank

Bureaucratic strengths for catalyzing

action

• Power of knowledge from training, experience and

outreach

• Advantage of bureaucratic control and decision making

at various levels of administration esp. at district and

taluka levels

• Well positioned for coordination between various

departments for creating synergy and quality results

• Can inspire fast pace of delivery of results with well-oiled

government machinery

• Establish control and demand accountability of

performance

• Can command network synergy with NGOs, CBOs,

CSOs, CSR etc

Catalyzing effective Social Policy

• Ensuring utilization of modern technology for robust data

management systems for enumeration and evaluation

• Utilise evidence-based learning from other sector players

for shaping social policy

• Appreciate and recognize contextual specificity while

framing social policy

• Multisectoral approach to ensure sustainable results

• Policy should aim at transference of ownership to

communities

• Utilise the strengths and advantages of established

sector specialists to formulate, test and implement

policies

Catalyzing effective Governance

• Strengthen and support grass root level governance

• Devolution of power through authority and accountability

• Establish culture of rapid decision making to prevent

bureaucratic delays

• Be accessible and visible

• Allow flexibility within overall framework where justified

• Provide an effective conduit between state/national

policies and district level implementation

• Continuity and consistency

• Celebrate communities’ successes and empowerment

• Reward, recognize and reconcile to truth

52

Significant lessons from previous projects

Community mobilisation

Social education

Motivation

Participatory Rural

Appraisal

Community-led

Activities

Self-help groups

Our vision

Garden Housing Society, Hyderabad. A promoter-driven project under AKAHI’s technical oversight. With 865 units includes all income groups in one project.

To ensure that communities live in sustainable habitats that are

as safe as possible from natural disasters, with the ability to

cope if a disaster occurs, and with adequate access to services

and opportunities, for improved Quality of Life.

Thank you

and

Best wishes for a successful and

glorious career in the service of the

nation

from

Aga Khan Agency for Habitat India

54

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