role of eliciator in production of plant secondary metabolite
TRANSCRIPT
VCSG Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry
College of Horticulture, Bharsar
MAP-509: Master’s Seminar TOPIC: Role of elicitors in production of plant secondary
metabolites under in-vitro condition Presented By: Yashwant Singh Tariyal 13162 Department of plantation crops, Spices, Medicinal and aromatic plants [email protected]
Secondary metabolites o They are biosynthetically derived from
primary metabolites. o Produces product that aid in the growth
and development of plant but not required for the plant to survive.
o They facilitate the primary metabolism in plant.
o They are the major component of plant defense mechanism against herbivores, pest and pathogen.
Classification of Plant secondary
metabolites
oNitrogenous secondary metabolites. Alkaloids Non-protein amino acids (NPAAs) Amines Cyanogenic glycoside Glucosinolates Alkamides Lectins, peptides, polypeptide
Kumar et al. 2014
o Non-Nitrogenous secondary metabolites Terpenes including iridoids Steroids, saponins Flavonoids, tannins Phenylpropanoids, lignin, coumarins,
lignans Polyacetylenes, fatty acid, waxes Anthraquinones and others
polyketides Carbohydrates, organic acids
Kumar et al. 2014
Economical importance of plant
secondary metabolites
o Used in preparation of various dyes. o Used in medicine industry. o Used for making agrochemicals
insecticides and raw material for industries.
o Used as perfume and cosmetics. o Used as food colour and flavoring
agent.
Advantages of in-vitro production of
secondary metabolites
oHelpful in conservation of RET plant species. oCompounds can be produced under controlled
conditions as per market demand. oCulture system are independent of environmental
factors, seasonal variations, pest and microbial diseases and geographical constraints.
oCell growth can be controlled to facilitate improved product formation and consistent quality of the product.
oIt is very useful in the plants which are difficult and expensive to grow in field.
oThe production time is less and labour cost is minimal. oIn vitro production of natural material is cheaper is
compared to synthetic production.
Disadvantages of in-vitro production of
secondary metabolites
oIn general, in-vitro production of secondary metabolites is lower when compared to the intact plant.
oMany time secondary metabolites are produced in differentiated tissue/organ . In such cases the culture cell which are non-differentiated produce less quantity.
oCultured cells are genetically unstable and may undergo mutation this may cause in reduced production, as culture ages. oVigorous stirring is necessary to prevent aggregation
of cell this may often damage cells. oStrict aseptic conditions have to be maintained
during culture technique.
Elicitors o Elicitors are substances which induce
physiological changes in the plant cells. o Plants cells respond to these stressors by
activating an array of mechanisms, similar to the defense responses to pathogen infections or environmental factors.
o They affects the metabolism. o Enhances the synthesis of phytochemical/
plant secondary metabolites.
Moreno et al. (2014)
Elicitors
Plant Tissue Culture
Investigation of Plant Defense Mechanisms
Investigation of Enzymology of
Secondary Metabolism
Investigation of Regulation of
Secondary Metabolism
Increase Yield of Target Substance
Utilization of elicitation of plant tissue cultures in various areas of research.
Veersham, 2004
Elicitors
Physical Chemical
Light, Temperature Abiotic Biotic
Complex Defined Composition
Metal Ions, Oxalates
Yeast Cells Wall, Mycelia Cell Wall, Fungal Spores Carbohydrates, Proteins,
lipids, Glycoprotein, Volatiles
Radman et al. (2003)
Classification of elicitors
Case Study
Table:1 :-Effect of β–phenylalanine on growth of tissue and production of quercetin on liquid culture of Citrullus colocynthis.
Meena et al. 2014
Table:2:- Effect of elicitors on the secondary metabolites content in leaf derived callus cultures of Centella asiatica.
Usha et al. 2015
Elicitor (g L-1)
Growth Index
Hyoscyamine (mg/g dw)
Scopolamine(mg/g dw)
Aspergillus niger
0.0 5.79 1.39±0.004 0.069±0.001
0.1 6.32 1.46±0.003 0.077±0.0004
0.5 5.61 1.75±0.005 0.082±0.0005
1.0 5.07 1.77±0.005 0.087±0.001
1.5 4.34 1.63±0.004 0.081±0.001
Table: 3 (a)-:Effect of biotic elicitor on the alkaloid content in the callus and root culture of Datura metel L.
Barmukh et al. 2009
The values represent the mean ± SE of three independent experiment each performed on 21 replicates.
Elicitor (g L-1)
Growth Index
Hyoscyamine (mg/g dw)
Scopolamine(mg/g dw)
Alternaria sps.
0.0 5.79 1.39±0.004 0.069±0.001
0.1 5.96 1.43±0.006 0.074±0.001
0.5 5.43 1.59±0.004 0.079±0.0008
1.0 4.89 1.64±0.003 0.084±0.001
1.5 4.24 1.52±0.004 0.078±0.001
Table: 3 (b)-:Effect of biotic elicitor on the alkaloid content in the callus and root culture of Datura metel L.
The values represent the mean ± SE of three independent experiment each performed on 21 replicates.
Barmukh et al. 2009
Elicitor (g L-1)
Growth Index
Hyoscyamine (mg/g dw)
Scopolamine(mg/g dw)
Fusarium monoliforme
0.0 5.79 1.39±0.004 0.069±0.001
0.1 6.14 1.44±0.003 0.072±0.014
0.5 5.61 1.63±0.005 0.075±0.0007
1.0 5.25 1.66±0.004 0.081±0.0006
1.5 4.92 1.55±0.006 0.072±0.0006
Table: 3 (c)-:Effect of biotic elicitor on the alkaloid content in the callus and root culture of Datura metel L.
The values represent the mean ± SE of three independent experiment each performed on 21 replicates.
Barmukh et al. 2009
O. basilicum L.: Elicitation 1 - MeJA 25μM, 12 h, Elicitation 2 - Chitosan 200 mg/L, 12 h, Elicitation 3 - MeJA 25μM + chitosan 200 mg/L, 8 h
O. sanctum L.: Elicitation 1 - MeJA 25μM, 48 h, Elicitation 2 - Chitosan 50 mg/L, 24 h, Elicitation 3 - MeJA 100 μM + chitosan 200 mg/L, 4 h
O. gratissimum L.: Elicitation 1 - MeJA 50 μM, 8 h, Elicitation 2 - Chitosan 50 mg/L, 24 h, Elicitation 3 - MeJA 25 μM + chitosan 100 mg/L, 24 h
Figure: 1:-Quantification of total alkaloid content in Ocimum species
Mathew and Sankar 2014
Figure: 2:-Quantification of total terpenoid content in Ocimum species.
O. basilicum L.: Elicitation 1 - MeJA 25μM, 12 h, Elicitation 2 - Chitosan 200 mg/L, 12 h, Elicitation 3 - MeJA 25μM + chitosan 200 mg/L, 8 h .
O. sanctum L.: Elicitation 1 - MeJA 25μM, 48 h, Elicitation 2 - Chitosan 50 mg/L, 24 h, Elicitation 3 - MeJA 100 μM + chitosan 200 mg/L, 4 h .
O. gratissimum L.: Elicitation 1 - MeJA 50 μM, 8 h, Elicitation 2 - Chitosan 50 mg/L, 24 h, Elicitation 3 - MeJA 25 μM + chitosan 100 mg/L, 24 h .
Mathew and Sankar 2014
Conclusion
o According to WHO report about 70-80% 0f world population depends on the herbal based drugs.
o The demand for the plant and their purified product is continuously increasing day by day. This puts a lots pressure on the agricultural land for the production of medicinal plants among which some of the plants are difficult or expensive for cultivation due to various biotic abiotic and economical factors.
o The plant tissue culture techniques are the best alternatives for the production of economically important secondary metabolites and elicitors plays a key role in increasing the in-vitro production of these compounds with consistent quality as per market demand.
Thank you!!!!