role of gut ecosystem in autoimmune disorders · today inflammation and role of mitochondria...
TRANSCRIPT
Today Inflammation and role of mitochondria Autoimmunity How is gut health related to
autoimmunity Fecal Transplant Case studies
Microbiome in health 90% Bacterial cells in our body
Gut lining and repair Digest food Provide nutrition Gut motility Brain health
Gut brain axis neurotransmitters
What threatens themicrobiome Food additives and junk/processed food Lack of adequate Sleep High and constant Stress
Lack of relaxation Lack of movement Continuous medications/antibiotics Environmental toxins Sleep, Thoughts, Eating, Movement
disruptions
How does microbiome getaffected? Lack of diversity Low ratio of healthy to pathogenic
strains Colonies of symbiotic bacteria change Growth of yeast Gut environment changes in acid
content and temperature
What happens in gutdysbiosis? Acid content changes Pathogens start increasing Oxidative stress/free radicals Cell membranes get disrupted Mitochondria start to die Leaky Gut Chronic Inflammation Autoimmunity
What is Acute Inflammation Inflammare- “to set
on fire” Goals
Eliminate cause Remove necrotic
cells/tissues Initiate repair
Acute inflammationis triggered by acause Quick and temporary
Redness, swelling,heat, pain
Goes away
Steps in inflammation Vasodilation
increased blood flow to area redness heat
Increased permeability Loss of fluids from vessels
concentration of red cells decreased blood flow
Accumulation of immune cells
Birth of Immunology Elie Metchnikoff Phagocytosis Immune system
70-80% in gut protects from
infections, toxins,allergens
Keeps track offoreign substances
What is an allergy? An incorrect immune response Lack of exposure to variety of bacteria Delayed colonization of bacteria Bacteria in gut flip switches to correct immune
responses at different ages Early exposure to antibiotics also leads to
allergies Less Fermicutes and high proteobacteria are
found in guts of allergic people “A LITTLE DIRT NEVER HURT”
Conditions with ChronicInflammation Bone and Joint disorders Cancers of all types Cardiovascular diseases Digestive disorders Emotional and cognitive- Brain function Hormonal Metabolic Respiratory Skin conditions
Mitochondrial functions Mitochondria provide energy in packets Mitochondria have their own DNA This DNA affects the cellular DNA Mitochondria use carbs and oxygen Some cells can contain high amounts of
mitochondria (upto 40% of the cell’s mass) Only mother’s mitochondria are inherited
Oxidative stress &Mitochondria Mitochondria use oxygen to release
energy Free radicals are generated-
programmed cell death is necessary! Inflammation ->Impaired mitochondria -
> cellular suicide -> destruction ofneurons
What is Autoimmunity Constant presence of
invaders Immune system attacks
constantly Attacks its own tissues Some foreign invaders
resemble body’s tissuesand antigens are madein response
Autoimmune disorders Triggers
Antibiotics Toxins Food Lifestyle Hormonal imbalance Stress
How? Free Radicals Leaky gut Microbiome and gut
repair Neurotransmitter
through gut brainaxis
Hormonal disbalance
Common AutoimmuneDisorders Intestine:
Crohn’s disease: abnormal E.coli Celiac-intestine
Pancreas Type 1 diabetes
Systemic Rheumatoid Arthritis Lupus- systemic
Nerves Multiple Sclerosis
Antibiotics and Microbiota Antibiotics stop bacteria from
Making proteins Growing Making cell walls Transporting nutrients
Antibiotics make holes in cell membranes Antibiotics kill all bacteria, not just pathogens Reduce microbial diversity Antibiotic Resistance
Genetics and Inflammation Surrogate mice show similar
microbiome compared to biological Environment is more important than
genetics for gut microbiome Genes turn on or off based on
environmental triggers Genetics does play some role
Microbiome depends on… Age Genetics Environment Antibiotic use Hormone levels Immune system function Metabolism
How does age changemicrobiota? Infants start with low gut microbial diversity Changes each day depending on food and
environment Microbial diversity and stability reduces with
old age It is possible to control the microbiome
changes STEM
Sugar in Brain Carbohydrates break down to sugar Process of glycation -> sticky cells Excess sugar:
Secretes excess insulin Promotes secretion of cortisol and adrenaline Converts to trans fat Produces inflammatory cytokines -> brain damage
Diabetes type 2 has 4x risk of Alzheimer’s Sugar triggers inflammation -> heart disease, obesity,
cancer, diabetes, rapid aging
GMOs as triggers GMOs are created to resist pests and infections by enhancing
plants’ digestive enzyme inhibitors and pro-inflammatorymolecules
GMOs can even resist extra pesticides Many GMOs have been tested for 3 months or less Are these modifications causing inflammatory secretions? Gut
dysbiosis? Leaky gut? Who is doing the research? No federal regulations in North America Europe has strict regulations Videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=17&v=AQMlPYkngXY Seeds of Death full movie:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a6OxbpLwEjQ Monsanto gets owned by 11yr old boy- TEDx:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SvVZwJbs54c
Why avoid GMOs American Academy of Environmental Medicine
(AAEM) warns that “it is biologically plausible forGenetically Modified Foods to cause adverse healtheffects in humans.”
Contain more pesticides than non-GMOs Pesticides lead to leaky gut Leaky gut causes gut dysbiosis Organic vs regular meat:
http://www.drperlmutter.com/dangerous-meat-dairy/ Learn More: www.responsibletechnology.org www.autoimmunesummit.com
Inducers of ChronicInflammationAllergens
Sugar Trans fats Corn Soy Dairy Meat Preservatives Alcohol Gluten
Antibiotics Antacids Age Stress Exercise Bacterial and Yeast
overgrowth
Inflammation and Brain Sore brain?
Depression Dementia Alzheimer’s Memory Autism
Autism to Alzheimer’s : “same diseaseshowing up at different ends of agespectrum”
Autism Martha Herbert, MD, PhD: “I believe that this is the only way we will
even be able to ask the right and most productive scientific questions about coreissues in autism such as what changes in the brain to produce the behaviors welabel as “autistic.”
1. Why are so many children frequently or chronically sick2. Why are so many people chronically sick3. The growing challenges to the health of people’s brains4. Global crisis of “serious compromises to our food supply”; toxins5. State of our planet inundated with challenges to its integrity
Autism Revolution: “autism is something that develops and is generated by thebrain micromoment by micromoment — that is, it is a PROCESS, not ahardwired fixed thing. It is also something that can potentially be unwound, atleast to the point of getting rid of surplus obstructions to function”-www.marthaherbert.org. www.autismrevolution.org
Autism and gut 95% autistic children have GI
challenges and swollen bellies Frequent infections and allergies Have had multiple courses of antibiotics 70% have altered immune function “Gut, immune and toxicity issues are
the starting point of what happens to thebrain”- Dr. Herbert
Treating Autism with Food Autism and Dietary Therapy: Case Report
and Review of the Literature. Herbert and Buckley (2013): J.Child Neurology
Child with autism and epilepsy Limited response to other interventions Remarkable improvement with gluten-free, casein-free diet After puberty: Additionally ketogenic diet: High fat with medium chain triglycerides Consumption of high amounts of vegetables Reduction in obesity, cognitive and behavioural features Autism rating scale score: from 49 to 17 over several years; intelligence quotient: 70 point
increase: From Autistic to non-autistic
14 months after the initiation of the diet thechild was essentially seizure free
Prevention of Autism andrelated brain disordersReducing risks Food – avoid junk and processed food Toxins- avoid toxic exposures whenever possible Bugs – minimize infections exposures Stress – avoid excessive stimulation and overloadIncreasing resiliency food – optimize high nutrient density food Toxins – keep the biological systems that handle toxin elimination as healthy as possible Bugs – maintain the health and diversity of the gut microbes through high
fibre, fermented foods, yogurt and kefir and/or probiotics because healthygut flora support the immune system and many metabolic functions
Build protections against stress: Increase maternal-infant and parent-child synchrony, sensitivity and quality of
relationships develop sensory friendly environments Follow a “sensory diet” for an optimal level of stimulation Build skills so situations can be handle-able instead of overwhelming Support development of regulation and co-regulation Ref: http://www.autismwhyandhow.org/how-can-we-help/prevention/
Depression Exercise and fish oil or antidepressants? Depression is low grade inflammation of the
brain High levels of inflammatory cytokines Cytokines overactivate stress response Less serotonin Overactive immune system- chronic inflammation Depression linked with heart disease and
autoimmune diseases Vagal nerve stimulation relieves depression
Treating Inflammation Treat the gut: reduce, eliminate, prevent
chronic inflammation Food- mostly vegetarian Water Stress relief Adequate sleep Adequate exercise Eliminate allergens- sugar, gluten, dairy, meat Controlled use of antibiotics and medication (NSAIDs,
Antacids etc) Treat yeast and pathogen overgrowth
Comparing Microbiomes
Ref: Nature, 25 March, 2015 http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2015/150325/ncomms7505/full/ncomms7505.htm
What’s next in health? What does a healthy microbiome look
like? How can we replenish the gut for
healthy microbiome?
Getting back on track…
Ref: Salazar et al 2014. Frontiers in genetics: http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2014.00406/full
Cooling off inflammation Probiotics orally Prebiotic foods- fibre, fermented, plants, fats
Changing lifestyle factors Eliminating allergens Eliminating pathogens Probiotic enemas Fecal Transplant
Fecal Transplant 15 out of 16 patients with C.difficile were
cured with fecal transplant vs 3/15 withantibiotic Bacteria compete with each other
Jeff Leach: Human Food Project What differences will occur when moving to US Include high fibre diet is most imp Pay attention to your gut- everyone’s different Men and women eat different foods- different microbiomes https://www.coursera.org/learn/microbiome/lecture/lvQLP/interview-on-location-in-
tanzania-with-jeff-leach
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B9A7E08JoBs
Future of Treatments Dietary changes
lead to type ofbacterial population.
Treatment ofdiseases withspecific diets?
Simplified cooking for Microbiome Health
Steamed or sauteed vegetables Leafy greens: kale collards, chard, asian greens, lettuce Deep colours: berries, tomatoes, beets, carrots, winter squash Sulfur: broccoli, cabbage, asparagus, brussels, turnips High fibre: leeks, jicama, artichoke, celery, yam
Baked fish, sardines Brown rice Whole grains in moderation Soups with sea weeds Lentils, legumes- in moderation or eliminate if treating inflammation Olives, nuts, coconuts, seeds, eggs, avocados, ghee, nut butters, grass-fed butters Fermented foods- sauerkraut, kefir, yogurt, kimchi, sprouts, pickles in brine not vinegar,
mustard, horseradish, corned beef Portion control for meats and dairy 1-2 fruits Add turmeric, ginger, onions, garlic, herbs, vinegar Juices and smoothies in spring and summer Garlic, onions, mustards, sweet potatoes in fall Bitter greens in spring Soups, nuts, fish, meats, dark greens, mushrooms and roots in winter
What to eliminate whenhealing Grains/Gluten Legumes Sugar Artificial foods Packaged foods Alcohol/coffee Juices High sugar and sweet fruits Regular meats Dairy Eggs GMOs- canola oil, corn, soy, salmon, tomatoes, zucchini, yellow
summer squash
Homework Revise previous weeks Find out if there is one change you would like
to make in your food One change you would like to make in your
lifestyle- sleep, exercise, stress relief Find out what comes in the way to making the
change Get support Read: Autoimmune Solution, Amy Myers, MD