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Role of Landscape Design in Mitigating
Agricultural Intensification
Douglas A. Landis
Department of Entomology &
Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center
Michigan State University
East Lansing, MI USA
Impacts of agricultural intensification
Knowledge needed for effective landscape design
Examples of design processes
Outline
The Challenge
Human population, food & energy
demands
Cropland & pasture/grazing occupies
38% of the ice-free land surface
Foley et al . 2011 Nature
In many of these areas humans are
already appropriating >50% of NPP
Haberl et al. 2007 PNAS
Cropland
Grazing
Intensification of agriculture has been
linked to declines in…
Biodiversity • Plants (Geiger et al. 2010)
• Arthropods (Hendrickx et al. 2007)
• Birds (Donald et al. 2001)
• Mammals (Sotherton 1998)
Ecosystem Services
• Pollination (Kremen et al. 2002, Garibaldi et al. 2011, Deguines et al 2014)
• Biocontrol (Bianchi et al. 2006, Chaplin-Kramer et al. 2011)
Functional Diversity
• Birds, mammals (Flynn et al. 2009)
Ecosystem Services from Agricultural Landscapes
Restore integrity Increase functionality Sustainably intensify?
Goal:
Supporting
Provisioning
Regulating
Cultural
Knowledge to effectively design
agricultural landscapes
Biodiversity Ecosystem Function
Ecosystem Services
Resilience
Predation, parasitism
Pest regulation, yield increase
Natural enemy community
Sustainability
Knowledge to effectively design
agricultural landscapes
Within Crop
Field Margin
Landscape
Regional
9
28
17
3
4
14
7
0
1
3
1
0
None
n=60 studies from 2013-14
Biodiversity Ecosystem Function
Ecosystem Services
Resilience
Predation, parasitism
Pest regulation, yield increase
Natural enemy community
Sustainability
Recent Meta-analyses
Insects and agricultural landscape structure
5 meta-analyses Bianchi et al. 2006
Chaplin-Kramer et al. 2011
Veres et al. 2013
Shackelford et al. 2013
Martinson & Fagan 2014
no data
↓herbivory
↔ plant damage
(but tends to be ↓)
Trends in Meta-analyses
Biodiversity, Community Structure
Ecosystem Function
Ecosystem Services
Resilience, Sustainability
↑predation/parasitism
↓pest population growth
↑landscape complexity (non-crop habitat)
↑ natural enemies abundance, diversity
↓↔ pest abundance, ↑ pest diversity
Bianchi et al. 2006
Chaplin-Kramer et al. 2011
Veres et al. 2013
Shackelford et al. 2013
Martinson & Fagan 2014 T. Rand paper #1587 Tuesday
Additional Trends
Both local and landscape scales are important
Common scale of response for natural enemies
700-2000m
Implies that in most landscapes, some level of
cooperative action by stakeholders will be necessary
to effect change
Current Status of Agricultural
Landscape Design
Landscape ecologists call for a “design focus” Nassauer and Opdam 2008
Opdam et al. 2013
Processes are transdisciplinary and involve multiple
stakeholders
Often driven by broader issues
Landscape preservation, water quality
Insect biodiversity is not the focus but can be accommodated
Hoeksche Waard, The Netherlands
Steingröver et al. 2010
Agriculture and tourism
Water quality, bird habitat
Threatened by development
Examples of Landscape Design
Engaged multi-stakeholder group
“Robust and fine elements”
“Green-blue network”
Hoeksche Waard cont.
Steingröver et al. 2010
Examples cont.
Midwest Bioenergy Landscapes
Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota
Landscape-Scale Learning Laboratories “LandLabs”
Jordan et al. 2013
Research on sustainability of bioenergy crop choices
Develop decision support tools Smartscape http://dss.wei.wisc.edu
Pilot stakeholder engagement
Common threads in re-design
projects
External driving factors
Social, policy, environmental
Use of “boundary objects”
Land use maps, scenarios
Decision support tools
Games
Contributions of multiple disciplines e.g.
Evaluation of “agglomeration bonus”: Economics
Performance of social networks: Sociology
Conclusions
Re-design of agricultural landscapes is needed to
mitigate negative impacts of intensification on
arthropod-mediated ecosystem services
Collectively, we already know a lot
But need additional studies at longer temporal and greater
spatial scales
Achieving landscape redesign will require engaging
with multiple stakeholders
GLBRC Biodiversity Team
Birds
Doug Schemske MSU
Bruce Robertson MSU
Patrick Doran TNC
Biocontrol Services
Doug Landis MSU
Mary Gardiner MSU
Ben Werling MSU
Claudio Gratton UW
Tim Meehan UW
Hannah Gaines UW
Acknowledgements
Pollination Services
Rufus Isaacs MSU
Julianna Wilson MSU
Plant Biodiversity
Kay Gross MSU
Carol Baker MSU
Pam Mosley MSU
Microbial Biodiversity
Thomas Schmidt MSU
Tracy Teal MSU
USDA RAMP Collaborators
Claudio Gratton UW
Matt O’Neal ISU
George Heimpel UMN
Chris DiFonzo MSU
Nick Schmidt ISU
Emily MuellerUW
Jeremy Chacon UMN
Kevin Johnson ISU
Alejandro Costamagna UMN
David Ragsdale UMN
http://www.landislab.ent.msu.edu
Native Plants & Ecosystem Services Collaborators
Rufus Isaacs, MSU, Joy Landis, MSU-IPM Program
Julie Doll, KBS LTER
Rebecca Finneran, Nicky Rothwell, Terry McLean, Hannah Stevens,
Ron Goldy MSU Extension
ResearchGate: Doug Landis