role of spatial database in biodiversity conservation planning sham davande, gis expert arid...

Role of Spatial Databasein

Biodiversity Conservation Planning

Sham Davande, GIS Expert

Arid Communities Technologies, Bhuj

11 September, 2015

Introduction What is Non-Spatial and Spatial Data?

Spatial Data Types and GIS Layers

Role of Spatial Database and its Functionality

Basic GIS Analysis

GIS Applications in Biodiversity conservation

Case Study examples

Non Spatial Data• It is the data or information with no details of any location

?

What makes data spatial?

PlacenameGrid co-ordinate

Postcode

Distance & bearing

Description

Latitude / Longitude

Spatial Data• Spatial Data – it is the data or information that identifies the geographic location of features and is usually stored as coordinate that can be mapped.

Spatial Data Mapping

• Field data to GIS data layer in QGIS

Spatial Data Mapping

• Field data to GIS layer in QGIS

Spatial data features

• Types of Features in Spatial database

Point

Line

Polygon

• GIS data types • Spatial data• Attribute data

Linked Tables

Rasters

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Role of Spatial database in Biodiversity conservationUniform data across usersEasy to update and Manage databaseHigher quality GIS analysisEnhance data efficiencySpatial and Temporal database of

ecological parametersAbility to carry out “what if?” scenariosAbility to visualize species distributionWorks with Remote Sensing TechnologyAbility to develop WebGIS

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Spatial database and GIS Layers for Biodiversity Conservation

Spatial Database Functionality

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Survey data linked with field photographsLinked table with Relationship class

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Weather Station linked with time series weather data

Spatial database for Biodiversity• GIS data Layers for

Biodiversity Conservation

Spatial Databases & GIS• At a simple level

a GIS may just form the graphical interface to a database

• The majority of GIS applications follow this example

Linked database table

Spatial data

Spatial SQL Query Manager

GIS & AnalysisIn the context of GIS, analysis is...

“Deriving new information from existing data”

It is also the manipulation of data to solve a probleme.g. identify all areas within 500m of a lake

Increase in use of GIS analytical capabilities, BUTmany GIS projects only use the software to store

and manage geographical data

Yet analysis often relies on many simple basic GIS techniques

Simple Query• The identification of objects and their

attributes either by location or attribute query.

Spatial data

Spatial SQL Query Manager

Spatial Query• How many Sociable lapwings recorded in Gujarat?

Buffering• Creation of an area of interest around an object

– proximity analysis and species range assessment in an area

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GIS Applications using Spatial Database

Mapping of Grasslands, Forests, Agriculture, Water Resources etc.

Field data management and its analysisMapping Habitats, Species DiversityEnvironmental Impact AssessmentFragmentation Analysis of LandcoverSpecies Distribution Modelling (Ecological

Niche Modelling)Water Resources ManagementTransport/vehicle routingHealth Hazards prediction

and many more . . .

Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Prediction

• GARP is a species distribution or ecological

niche modeling algorithm

• GARP is used to predict whether an area of

study is suitable habitat for the species in

question

• GARP works in an iterative process of rule

selection, evaluation, testing, and

incorporation or rejection

Ecological Niche Modelling

Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Prediction


GARP Animal

Human

Environmental

Elevation

Aspect

Slope

Biogeoclimatic

January Temp

July Temp

Precipitation

Soil

Determine significant variables

Methodology and Data

Resulting

models


GARP20 ecological niche model

outputs produced for each set of cases

GIS

Potential = 1-10 model agreement

Optimal = 11-20 model agreement

Model accuracy is based

on: # of correct predictions

# of correct predictions + commission and

omission errors


Case Study of NG. Biodiversity

Case Study of NG. Biodiversity …..

Examples of GIS data outputs for Biodiversity Conservation…..

IBA Site Map


Potential Ramsar Site


Distribution of Anatidae Species


GIS for Conservation of Lake


GIS for Community Protected Areas


GIS for Bird Migration Study


GIS for Grasslands Management


GIS for Protected Areas Management

Thank you for your attention!!!

role of spatial database in biodiversity conservation planning sham davande, gis expert arid...

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