roles of tourism enterprises on destination sustainability case of antalya, turkey
TRANSCRIPT
Roles of tourism enterprises on destination
sustainability: case of Antalya, Turkey
Prof. Dr. Nedim YÜZBAŞIOĞLU
Dr. Pınar ÇELİK
Res. Asist. Yunus TOPSAKAL
The aim of the paper is to evaluate the importance
of environmental-friendly applications of
accommodation firms in terms of sustainability. In the
paper, impacts of strategic applications on
sustainability and profitability of a hotel using
environmental-friendly applications and operating in
Antalya Province is examined to reveal the
importance of roles of tourism enterprises on
destination sustainability.
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While academicians keep interest in destination
sustainability, much of their focus has been on
competitiveness and eco-tourism. Although several
theorists and scholars have studied the management
of sustainability for destinations and the role of
government, visitors, local people on destination
sustainability, few have catered the issue of roles of
enterprises on the destination sustainability .
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Concept of sustainable tourism destination
has emerged from the need to develop
sustainable tourism in destinations. There is no
universally accepted definition of ‘sustainable
tourism destinations’ because each destination
has unique characteristic.
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DESTINATION
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There are two scope of definition of sustainable
tourism destination: limited definition and holistic
definition.
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Like definitions of sustainable tourism
destination, scholars have developed different models
of sustainability for tourism destinations. One of the
more important models of sustainable development of
tourism destination is DIT-ACHIEV Sustainable
Tourism Model.
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Heritage
Water
Air
Culture
Landscape
Archeology and History
Flora and Fauna
Administration
Visitor
Community
Enterprise
Sustainable
TourismInfrastructure
Population
Beneficiaries
Quality of Life
Involvement
Access
Amenities
Transport
Land
Water
Tourist Spend
Hospitality
Service
Behavour
Volume
Labour
Communication
Sustainable Practices Goals
Policy
Jurisdiction
Accommodation firms interact with nature in
various forms. As a result of this interaction,
accommodation firms damage the natural
environment
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF TOURSM
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SOME POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF TOURISM
United Nations discussed the sustainability and
accepted an action plan which is named as Agenda
21. Aim of the Agenda 21 is ‘to mainstream
sustainability into tourism industry by demonstrating
the environmental, economic and socio-cultural
benefits of sustainable tourism destinations.’ Agenda
21 action plan describes environmental applications.
There are some priority areas of Agenda 21 action
plan for ‘Travel and Tourism’
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These priority areas are;
• Reducing waste and recycling,
• Energy efficiency and effective management,
• Freshwater management,
• Waste water management,
• Hazardous materials,
• Transportation,
• Land management,
• Cooperation of employees, local people and tourists foractivities of sustainability
• Arranging sustainability,
• Cooperation for sustainable tourism.
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Hotels operating in Antalya Province were
evaluated by using sustainability indicators of
enterprises. After the evaluation of hotels in
terms of sustainability, a hotel using
environmentally friendly products and service is
chosen.
METHODOLOGY
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This hotel is Calista Luxury Resort Hotel
operating in Belek, Antalya. Environmental-
friendly practices of Calista Luxury Resort
reviewed by using sustainability indicator of
Agenda 21 model. On March 2014 interviews
with managers (Quality manager, food engineer)
of Calista Luxury Resort were held.
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Calista Luxury Resort is located in Antalya-
Belek, on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea, where
the pine forests with unique plants and different types
of birds blend with boundless sea. The hotel has
120,000 m2 lands in where there are forests, natural
environments and agricultural areas. Hotel has 600
rooms and approximately 500 employees. Calista
Luxury Resort Hotel operates 12 months.
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CASE OF CALISTA LUXURY RESORT
Calista Luxury Resort Hotel has ‘ISO
Environment Management’ certificate. They have
different bins in order to collect glass, paper and
plastic separately. These bins are also placed in bars
and restaurants.
REDUCING WASTE AND RECYCLING
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They recycling and disposing of wastes for their
colour codes and gives them to recycling firms.
Calista Luxury Resort Hotel is willing to use e-mail
with other firms to reduce paper usage. They also has
passport copying machine.
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Throughout the Calista Luxury Resort Hotel,
LED lighting, which is the most cost saving and
durable system among lighting systems, has been
preferred. Photocell system is in place in general
spaces, bathrooms and toilets.
ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT
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Cooling and ventilation system automatically
switches off when windows and doors are open.
The external windows that are used in the blocks
are special double glasses and painted in green.
External and internal windows were chosen in
such a way to provide 43% heat difference.
ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT
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A mechanism called as ‘Tap Aerator’ was
used all around the hotel. These mechanisms
provide 45 % savings in the use of clean water.
FRESHWATER MANAGEMENT
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Environmentally friendly cleaning products used
in the hotel give the opportunity for water savings.
Hotel uses the rain water for garden irrigation.
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WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT
Materials that used in housekeeping department
are purchased from Clean Sea Association producing
environmentally friendly materials. These products
produce by natural raw materials and their packages
are recyclable.
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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Calista Luxury Resort Hotel use ozone system.
This system is based on disinfection without using
steam energy at a warm temperature by consuming
less energy and water and only ozone chemical
without leaving any residues.
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Disinfection with ions instead of ph and chlorine
chemicals that are used for the disinfection of pools,
that are both expensive and harmful to environment,
they have started disinfection with environment
friendly silver and copper ions.
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Customers are directed to use public
transportation by hotel. Customers use buggy cars
within the hotel. These buggy cars do not pollute the
nature.
TRANSPORTATION
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In hotel there is “eco garden”. In this garden they
are growing special citruses and using fresh spices in
their kitchen products like sweet basil and sage. Hotel
also has an endemic garden. In this garden there are
sea daffodils which is local endemic for Belek region
and it is unfortunately endangered.
LAND MANAGEMENT
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The environment committee, which consists of 14
people, prepares environmental visual materials and
aims at ensuring that all staff and guests support such
studies with the same awareness.
COOPERATION OF EMPLOYEES, LOCAL PEOPLE AND TOURISTS FOR
ACTIVITIES OF SUSTAINABILITY
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Hotel is located within the living and egg laying
area of endangered “caretta–caretta sea turtles”. For
that reason, Calista has been conducting protection
projects with Betuyab (Belek Tourism Investors
Association) and switches off coastal lighting at night
and does not perform any machinery activities at egg-
laying period.
COOPERATION FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
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R&D studies of Calista Luxury Resort Hotel have
been continuing in following projects; “Using the
energy that is obtained from sea wave height in
lighting systems”, “Using solar energy stored in solar
cells”
OUTGOING ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY PROJECTS
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Tourism enterprises give various damages to
environment. For this reason, hotels need to
implement some environmental applications to
minimize damages.
CONCLUSION
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Calista Luxury Resort Hotel is aware of the
relationship between environmental activities and
profitability. They have water management. As a
result of water management, they generate water
saving. Thus the hotel minimizes the water cost.
Apart from minimizing water cost, they increase their
occupancy rate by using environmentally friendly
product and applications.
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Implementing environmental activities increase
the destination sustainability. As tourism enterprise
hotels should be aware of their roles on the
destination sustainability. If they use environmental
friendly products and have environment management
system, the destination in which they located will be
more sustainable. Thus, destination awareness among
tourists and profit and occupancy rate of hotels will
increase.
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In the future a comparison in terms of revenue
between two hotels (one of using sustainable
application and one of not using sustainable
application) can be useful.
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