Roman Art and

Architecture!

The exam for this topic

• You will be given 3 photographs from the works studied, and a set of questions on each.

• You must answer on 2 out of the 3 photos

Achievement Merit Excellence

Place the works in social and/or historical and/or artistic context(s)

Describe the works and explain their style(s) and/or techniques used

Place the works in social and/or historical and/or artistic context(s) with supporting evidence

Describe the works in detail and analyse their style(s) and/or techniques used

Place the works in social and/or historical and/or artistic context(s) with comprehensive supporting evidence

Describe the works in detail and evaluate their style(s) and/or techniques used

Introduction• The unit will be broken up into the following subtopics:

• Portraiture – patrician carrying busts, bust of commodus, philip the arabian

• Religious Architecture – maison caree, temple of bacchus at baalbek, ara pacis, pantheon

• Relief Sculptures – arch of titus, arch of constantine, trajan’s column

• Functional – colosseum, hadrian’s baths, hadrian’s villa at Tivoli, theatre at lepcis magna, pont du gard

• Mosaics - hadrians

Introduction• ‘Art and Architecture’ is a description for

the range of material culture that comes from ancient Rome.

• This topic looks at the art and architecture produced in the Roman Empire from the reign of Augustus (30BC-AD14) to Constantine (AD 306-337)

But first...a list of EmperorsJulio-Claudian dynasty

• Augustus 27BC- AD14• Tiberius AD14 - 37• Caligula AD37 – 41• Claudius AD 41- 54• Nero AD54- 68

Year of 4 emperors (AD 68 –AD69)• Galba• Otho• Vitellius

Flavian Dynasty• Vespasian AD69-79• Titus AD79-81• Domitian AD 81-96

Trajanic Dynasty• Nerva AD96-98• Trajan AD98-117• Hadrian AD117-138Antonine Dynasty• Antoninus Pius AD138-161• Marcus Aurelius AD161- 180• Lucis Verus AD161-169• Commodus AD177-192

Severan dynasty• (11 emperors)

Emperors during the height of crisis AD 235-268

• Philip the Arabian• Many others (constant change)

• Constantine AD 337-307

Roman HistoryRoman History

• The Regal Age: ca. 779-509 B.C.

• The Republic: 509-27 B.C.

• The Empire: 27 B.C.-1453 A.D.– Early Empire: 27 B.C.-325 A.D.– Later Empire: 325 A.D.-1453 A.D.

END OF THE REPUBLIC

• The Victory of Caesar’s grandnephew, Octavian, over Marc Antony and Cleopatra in 31 BC brought the end of the Roman Republic– The last civil war of the

period

• Octavian (now calling himself Augustus) created an imperial monarchy to take place of the Republic

JULIO-CLAUDIANS

Tiberius

Gaius

(Caligula)

Claudius

Nero

YEAR OF THE FOUR EMPERORS

Galba

Vitellius

Otho

Vespasian

FLAVIANS

Titus Domitian

Vespasian

TRJANIC

Hadrian

Trajan

Nerva

ANTONINES

Antoninus Pius

Marcus Aurelius

Commodus

START OF THE SEVERAN DYNASTY

Pertinax Septimius Severus

Some questions to get you thinking

• Do you know what your great grandparents look like?

• How do you know this?• Are these images displayed in a special place?• What are some of the benefits to knowing what

your ancestors looked like?• What did Ancient Romans do to remember their

ancestors when they didn’t have photographs?

Patrician Carrying Busts

Artwork # 1

Subtopic: Portraiture

Patrician bustsWrite this on page 8 of your workbook under

‘Explain the importance of wax masks in Roman society’

• When people died, It was custom to have wax masks of the dead made to use in funeral procession. This commemorated the dead.

• Bronze or marble copies of the death mask were made to be displayed at home. (Only Patrician families could afford this images of their ancestors – this was called the ius imaginum)

To ensure that I remember what he looks like I’ll have a wax mask made of his face. And in keeping with tradition I’ll wear that wax mask in the funeral procession to show everyone his face.

This bust Is great. I will put this in my living room So I can show my father off in my living room at home and remember him

What Patrician’s houses look like – busts of their family on display

Fantastic! Both my grandfathers’ bust

And my father’s bust are on display in my house. I think I’ll have a bronze portrait done of me with my ancestors as I’m so proud.

Sculptor! OhSculptor!Please come andSculpt a bronzeImage of me With my dad andGrandad. I wantPeople to see howProud I am of themI want a copy of Me with them for My house!I’m ready!

Write this on p.8 of workbook under ‘Explain the importance of wax masks in Roman society’:

At the next family Funeral. This man Would carry the busts of his Father and Grandfather in procession To show how similar they look to him and to show the ancestors of the person who just died and to show that this man has been a patrician for 3 generations now. The more busts you had meant you were more wealthy and members of your family had been patricians for a long time. (A long pedigree)

That is a fantastic bronzeSculpture! Look how shinyIt is. Let’s get a copyOf it in marble for our house!

Oh no! The Patrician’s headHas fallen off! Let’s find A replacement head from theSame era…..

A marble sculptureThe 2 ‘busts’ here in marbleare originals. But the head of the Patrician is a marbleReplacement from a different statue.

This whole statue is a copy ofthe bronze original

Originally, The Patrician was an Actual person and the bustsHe was holding were wax.

What style would you say these faces are?

• Are they flashy or serious?• Are they looking old orYoung and attractive?• What kinds of lives would they have had?• What do these faces say about

these people?• If you had a portrait done of you to

be remembered and looked at forever how would you want it to look? Realistic or glamourous?

Terms

• Patrician = The wealthy upper class people of Rome. Fill this in on p. 8 of workbook

• Workbook p.5: The wax images of the deceased were done in veristic style (a realistic depiction of an individual’s face, and showed the qualities of wisdom and experience, particularly on middle aged males, a ‘warts and all’ approach) and showed the family likeness. It also showed that the people were old, experienced, authorative, hard workers who gave a lot in their life.

Patrician Carrying busts p.5 workbook

Leave the other questions for revision. Just answer this one by reading the information….

What does the word verism mean?

See p. 11 of your workbook

Patrician carrying busts p. 6 workbook

1. See p. 6 Paul Artus2. See p. 7 Paul Artus3. See p. 6 Paul Artus bottom left & right4. 1=Wrinkles and creases shown in brow, corner of eyes & side

of mouth 2=attention to bone structure. Skin stretches over the face 3=bags under eyes, balding head, sunken cheeks and large nose

5. See p. 7 Paul Artus6. See bottom of p.6 Paul Artus7. See bottom of p.6 Paul Artus8. See top left of p.6 Paul Artus9. See Paul artus p. 6 up the very top10. See p.7 Paul Artus at top left

Treasure hunt! Find

the information!!

Patrician carrying busts p. 7 workbook

Date:

Made of: Marble

Height: (top of p.7 Paul Artus)

The Busts are intended copies of bronze originals

It is done in the _____ style (See p. 6 Paul Artus)

What is odd about the head? (See top left of p.7 Paul Artus)

Patrician carrying busts p. 7 workbook continued

• What is the carrier wearing? See Paul Artus top left corner p. 7

• What is the occasion? It is the funeral of someone and he is carrying them in procession

• What is the significance of carrying the busts?• Who would carry busts like this?• How did these heads differ in style from Greek busts?

Greek busts were idealised not veristic• Why did the Romans want this style?• Why were copies of busts like this made?• What method was used to copy such busts easily? Wax

was put over the deceased face to get the shape and detail

Complete questions in

Your paul artus book

For homework