roman historiography republican seminar ii: sallust bc 1-5 party politics ch1
TRANSCRIPT
Roman Historiography
Republican
SEMINAR II: Sallust BC 1-5
Party Politics ch1
Sallvst
Thucydidean Influence
• View of human nature• View of historiography
– Concentration– Selection– Omission– Emphasis on politics
•Analyses of human behavior
Thucydidean Influence
• Style-Thucydides– poetic language– variety of grammatical usage
– inconcinnity– rapidity
• Style- Sallust – Poetic/archaic vocab– unusual grammatical turns
– inconcinnity– rapidity
• of thought & expression
• compression & omission
– variatio
Sallvstian Style
• Archaism• Asyndeton• Parataxis• Hyperbaton• Inconcinnitas• Brevitas
– antithesis
Party Politics Personalities & Programs
outline• Sources• Classes• Constitution
– Magistracies– Assemblies– elections
• Factiones/Partes• Roman Revolution
– Gracchi– Marius v. Sulla– Pompey, Crassus, Caesar
• Participants/scene
Party PoliticsPersonalities & Programs
• amazing primary sources– Caesar’s commentarii– Sallust’s BC, BJ, Historiae, Epistulae ad Caesarem?
– Cicero’s speeches, essays, letters
• Taylor’s quellenforschungen– In text– In footnotes 2 & 3
• great example of modern scholarly evolution– Compare Ramsey p.6
Party Politics Personalities & Programs
• Roman Republican gov’t– Checks & balances– Aristocratic control– Ti. Gracchus
• sword carried into assembly– Liberty v. equality
• Class division based on landed property
Ordines
• Patricians: (patricii) – from patres
•title applied to members of Senate•patrician clans claimed descent from earliest Senators
– highly privileged aristocratic class
– hereditary membership•only by birth (until end of Republic)
Ordines
• Plebeians: (plebeii) – from plebs– all Roman citizens not patrician
Struggle of the Ordersplebeian milestones
• 494 BC: First Secession of the Plebs– established their own assembly (the Concilium Plebis) – elected their own magistrates, the Tribunes and the Plebeian
Aediles.
• 450 BC: Law of the Twelve Tables, first codification of Roman law
• 445 BC: patricians and plebeians permitted to intermarry• 367 BC: plebeians became eligible for the consulship• 342 BC: one of the two Consuls must be a plebeian• 339 BC: one of the two Censors must be a plebeian• 300 BC: half of the priesthoods (also state offices) must
be plebeian• 287 BC: Third Secession of the Plebs
– won concession that all plebiscites (measures passed in Concilium Plebis) had the force of law for entire Roman state
Struggle of the Orders
• non-violent methods
• Reshaped Aristocracy
– Aristocracy of birth replaced with aristocracy based on political office and wealth, particularly land-based wealth.
• Society remained hierarchical, class-based
– Large gap between top and bottom citizen classes
Roman Citizen Classes
• Patrician• Senatorial (Plebeian)
• Equites (Plebeian)• Property Owners (Plebeian)
• Capite Censi (Plebeian)
Money Property Requirements
• ≈ 16 asses = 4 ƒ = 1 denarius • ƒ1,000,000 for Senatorial• ƒ400,000 for Equites• ƒ3,000 for 4th class
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Party Politics
Cursus honorum jpg
Party PoliticsPersonalities & Programs
• Nobiles– Military service requirements class determined• Cavalry/officer class
– Centuriate Assembly • Vote for consuls praetors• Vote in order by class
– Senate• Ex-magistrates life-time membership • Subdivisions based on rank (highest office held)
– Asked to speak in order of rank– Election to office influenced by family & hereditity» novus homo
Party PoliticsPersonalities & Programs
• Equites– Cavalry/officer class
Party PoliticsPersonalities & Programs
• Pedites Foot Soldier Classes– Class based on property rating
•ƒ50,000•4 classes for small farmers •No landed property