Romanesque 2: Stabilitas and Monasticism

St. Anthony Abbot

Askesis and Anchoritic Monasticism

St. Simeon Stylite (390-459)

the stylitesII. Monasticism and Architecture History: from anchoritic to coenobitic orders

St. Anthony Abbot

Coenobitic Monastic Communities

Monastery of St. Anthony Abbot built upon his burial place in the Eastern Desert of Egypt in 356/7 C.E.

The coenobium established by the Egyptian St. Pachomius (286-346) first at Tabennisi (c. 320).

II. Monasticism and Architecture History: from anchoritic to coenobitic orders

Ruins of St. Simeon Stylite monastery built in 470

Coenobitic Monastic Communities

II. Monasticism and Architecture History: coenobitic orders

St. Catherine’s Monastery, Mt. Sinai, built 527-65.

Design Models for Coenobitic Monastic Communities

a Roman castrum – military camp

II. Monasticism and Architecture History: coenobitic orders

Design Models for Coenobitic Monastic Communities

a Roman villa rustica (Boscoreale, Italy, c. 150 B.C.E.)

St. Catherine’s Monastery, Mt. Sinai, built 527-65.

II. Monasticism and Architecture History: coenobitic orders

Skellig Michael (Michael’s Rock), Ireland, founded 588

Coenobites in Northern Europe

II. Monasticism and Architecture History: coenobitic orders

Skellig Michael, Ireland, founded 588

Coenobites in Northern Europe

II. Monasticism and Architecture History: coenobitic orders

St. Benedict of Nursia, 480-547 Monte Cassino, ItalySubiaco, Italy

II. Monasticism and Architecture Early medieval coenobites on the Continent

Carolingian Plan of St. Gall, ca. 830

Centula Fulda

St.-Denis St. Gall

II. Monasticism and Architecture monasticism under the Carolingians

III. Design of Romanesque monastic churches on and off the pilgrimage route

Pilgrimage routes through France and Spain

The 5 exemplars of the “pilgrimage church” type

Off the pilgrimage road:San Vincente, Cardona, Sp.

III. Design on and off the pilgrimage route

The 5 exemplars of the “pilgrimage church” type

Off the pilgrimage road:San Vincente, Cardona, Sp.

First Romanesque Catalan monasteries founded by feudal countsas penance and future retirement residences

III. Design on and off the pilgrimage route: Spain

San Vicente de Cardona, Spain (Catalonia), ca. 1040

San Pedro de Roda, Spain (Catalonia), ca. 1035 St.-Martin de Canigou, SW France, 1001-26

Sant Pere de Casserres, Spain (Catalonia),1012-53

Benedictine abbey of San Vicente de Cardona (Catalonia), consecrated 1040

The First Romanesque defined by Catalonian architect Josep Puig y Cadafalch (1867-1956)

III. Design on and off the pilgrimage route: Spain

San Vicente de Cardona (Catalonia), consecrated 1040

The First RomanesqueIII. Design on and off the pilgrimage route: Spain