i

ii

ROMANTICISM CHARACTERISTICS OF

THE RAVEN AND LENORE

A Thesis

by

Khoe, Yohana Harsono

Student No: 14.J1.0051

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS

SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY

SEMARANG

2018

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ROMANTICISM CHARACTERISTICS OF

THE RAVEN AND LENORE

A Thesis Presented as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement to Obtain the

Sarjana Sastra Degree in the English Department

by

Khoe, Yohana Harsono

Student Number: 14.J1.0051

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS

SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY

SEMARANG

2018

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A Thesis on

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ROMANTICISM CHARACTERISTICS OF

THE RAVEN AND LENORE

by

Khoe, Yohana Harsono

Student Number: 14.J1.0051

Approved by,

Dr. Dra. Ekawati Marhaenny Dukut, M.Hum. July 23

rd, 2018

Major Sponsor

B. Retang Wohangara, S.S., M.Hum. July 23rd

, 2018

Co- Major Sponsor

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All praise and thanks to my Heavenly Jesus Christ, for His grace, His

mercy, His help, and His precious blessinsg given to me in the process of writing

this thesis. He has granted and given me the strength and patience that I need in

writing this thesis until I can finish this thesis well.

I would like to give my big thanks and love to my beloved family to whom I

owe a great deal. Thank you for my late father Alexander Khoe, Tien Siong, my

strong mother Goei, Tjien Nio, my brother Khoe, Daniel Okky Harsono, S.Kom,

and my sister Khoe, Priska Harsono, S.Akun who always pray and support me to

finish my thesis well.

In writing this thesis, I would like to give my deepest gratitude to the

following people:

1. Mrs. Ekawati Marhaenny Dukut as my major sponsor and Mr. Retang

Wohangara as my co-sponsor. Thank you for always giving me guidance,

excellent suggestion, and encouragement and suggestions.

2. All lectures at the English Department of The Faculty of Language and Arts

who always give me the precious knowledge. They are: Bu Wur, Bu Ike, Bu

Cecilia, Bu Heny, Bu Ninik, Pak Anton, and Pak Budi. My sincere

appreciation also goes to Bu Retno, Pak Agus, and Pak Udik who gave their

hands to me to complete all administration things.

3. My heartfelt thanks are extended to my cousins Toni and Made who always

take time out of their busy schedules to accompany me.

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4. Next, my sincere thanks go to all of them who have given beautiful colors in

my life, Tio Petricilia Sarjono and Christina Jeane Irawan and my PMSB

family (Bella Ovelia, Windora Meidian Atmiasri, Elisabeth Dian Iswara,

Rut Octaviani, Jap, Yunita Dwi Susanto, Depi Mahlina).

5. I have also had the good fortune to study with some wonderful people:

Maya Destianinda, Jenifer Andriyani, Jane Ellen Giovani, and all of my

friends in the Faculty of Language and Arts batch 2014.

6. Last in order but not of importance, I am eternally grateful to people that I

could not be able to mention one by one for their prayers, loves, and

supports.

The writer,

Khoe, Yohana Harsono

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE OF TITLE

COVER PAGE ......................................................................................................... i

A THESIS APPROVAL ......................................................................................... ii

BOARD OF EXAMINERS ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..................................................................................... iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................... vi

ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... ix

ABSTRAK .............................................................................................................. x

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 1

1.1. Background of the Study ............................................................................ 1

1.2. Field of the Study ........................................................................................ 5

1.3. Scope of the study ....................................................................................... 5

1.4. Research Question ...................................................................................... 5

1.5. Objectives of the Study ............................................................................... 5

1.6. Significance of the Study ............................................................................ 6

1.7. Definition of Terms ..................................................................................... 6

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE .......................................................... 7

2.1. Biography of Edgar Allan Poe .................................................................... 7

2.2. Poe‘s Works ................................................................................................ 9

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2.3. Background of American Romanticism Era ............................................... 9

2.4. Literary Writing in Romanticism Period .................................................. 11

2.4.1. Imagination ..................................................................................... 12

2.4.2. Nature .............................................................................................. 12

2.4.3. Symbolism and Myth ...................................................................... 12

2.4.4. Intuition and Subjectivity ................................................................ 13

2.4.5. Individualism .................................................................................. 13

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ................................................. 15

3.1. Type of research ........................................................................................ 15

3.2. Data collection .......................................................................................... 15

3.3. Research Procedure .................................................................................... 16

3.4. Data Analysis ............................................................................................ 16

CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION ............... Error!

Bookmark not defined.

4.1. Words and Phrases that Represent Romanticism Era‘s Characteristics in

The Raven .......................................................................................................... 18

4.1.1. ―Raven‖................................................................................................ 18

4.1.2. ―Midnight Dreary‖ ............................................................................... 23

4.1.3. ―While I Pondered, Weak, and Weary‖ ............................................... 26

4.1.4. ―December‖ ......................................................................................... 28

4.1.5. ―Ghost‖ ................................................................................................ 30

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4.1.6. ―Dying Ember‖ .................................................................................... 32

4.1.7. ―Sorrow‖ .............................................................................................. 33

4.1.8. ―Lonely‖ .............................................................................................. 34

4.1.9. ―Night‘s Plutonian Shore‖ ................................................................... 35

4.1.10. ―Nepenthe‖ ........................................................................................ 38

4.1.11. ―Pallas‖ .............................................................................................. 40

4.2. Words and Phrases that Represent Romanticism Era‘s Characteristics in

Lenore ................................................................................................................ 42

4.2.1. ―Golden Bowl‖ .................................................................................... 42

4.2.2. ―Stygian River‖ .................................................................................... 43

4.2.3. ―And, Guy De Vere, hast thou no tear? -weep now or never more!‖ .. 46

4.2.4. ―Lenore‖ .............................................................................................. 48

4.2.5. ―Death‖ ................................................................................................ 50

4.2.6. ―Peccavimus‖ ....................................................................................... 52

4.2.7. ―Hope‖ ................................................................................................. 53

4.2.8. ―From Grief and Groan‖ ...................................................................... 55

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .......................................... 57

5.1. Conclusion ................................................................................................ 57

5.2. Suggestion ................................................................................................. 59

BIBILIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................... 60

APPENDIX ........................................................................................................... 60

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ABSTRACT

This research aims to find the words and phrases in two famous poems of Edgar

Allan Poe, The Raven and Lenore that can portray both the characteristics of

Romanticism period and the characteristics of dark romanticism. There are five

characteristics of Romanticism period. They are: 1) imagination, 2) nature, 3)

symbolism and myth, 4) intuition and subjectivity, and 5) individualism. All of

those Romanticism era‘s characteristics in The Raven and Lenore can portray

dark, creepy, gloomy, and dreary tone that become the characteristics of dark

romanticism. Through a biography and sociological approach, this research finds

7 words and 4 phrases in The Raven and 4 words and 4 phrases in Lenore that

fulfills the dark romanticism characteristics. The Romanticism era‘s words and

phrases give the feeling of uneasiness to each of Poe‘s dark Romanticism poems.

As an additional finding, the words and phrases such as ghost, midnight dreary,

Stygian river, raven and bleak December, have displayed the life of Edgar Allan

Poe and his environment in 1800s.

Key words: Edgar Allan Poe, poems, romanticism era, dark romanticism, The

Raven, Lenore

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ABSTRAK

Penilitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan kata–kata dan frasa yang

melambangkan karakteristik dari periode Romantisisme dan karakteristik dark

romanticism. Terdapat lima karakteristik periode Romantisisme. Karakteristik

tersebut adalah: 1) imajinasi, 2) alam, 3) simbolisme dan mitos, 4) intuisi dan

subjektivitas, dan 5) individualisme. Semua karakteristik era Romantisime di The

Raven dan Lenore dapat menggambarkan karakter dark romanticism: dark,

creepy, gloomy, dan dreary tone. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan biografi dan

sociological, penilitian ini menemukan 7 kata dan 4 frasa di The Raven dan 4 kata

serta 4 frasa di Lenore yang mengandung dark romanticsm..Kata-kata dan frasa

yang melambangkan karakter dari Romantisisme era dalam puisi ini dapat

memberikan perasaan gelisah pada masing-masing puisi Poe yang mengandung

dark romanticism. Sebagai temuan tambahan, kata-kata dan frasa seperti ghost,

midnight dreary, Stygian river, raven, dan bleak Desember, menampilkan

kehidupan Edgar Allan Poe dan lingkungannya pada tahun 1800-an.

Kata kunci: Edgar Allan Poe, puisi, era romantisisme, dark romanticism, The

Raven, Lenore