rome. founding 1500bc-latins crossed alps founded rome on 7 hills by tiber river agricultural ...
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Rome
Founding 1500BC-Latins crossed Alps
Founded Rome on 7 hills by Tiber River
Agricultural 750BC-Conquered by Etruscans Latins (Romans) learned to:
Build roads, walls, & buildings Make metal weapons
Republic
5th-3rd centuries BC Social aristocracy
Patricians Consuls Senate
Plebeians largely excluded from government
Plebeians eventually gained right to vote and hold office
Fasces
Chicago City Hall
Pittsburg Federal Bldg.
Spain
Birmingham, AL
Nebraska Supreme Court, Lincoln
Buffalo, NY, City Council Chamber
Fasces
Fasces
Conquered Mediterranean World
Italian Peninsula 340-270 BC Well-trained citizen-soldiers Wise treatment of conquered peoples
Carthage—264-146 BC—Punic Wars Rome destroyed and took Carthage
Eastern Mediterranean by 1st century BC
Effect of Conquests
Spread Greek culture Officials/Nobles gained large fortunes Roman virtues disappeared Ruined small farmers & workers
Farmers migrated to cities Politicians offered free programs
Citizen-soldiers replaced by professional soldiers
Republic to Dictatorship By 2nd century BC, Roman generals
battled for control Civil War: Caesar vs. Pompey 60 BC--First Triumvirate
Julius Caesar, Pompey, Crassus Caesar had his army’s loyalty
Senate told him to disband army He invaded Rome
Became dictator Assassinated in 44 BC
Caesar’s Roman
Republic
Republic to Dictatorship
Civil War: Octavian vs. Antony Mark Antony and Octavian
defeated Brutus and Cassius, the chief conspirators in Julius Caesar’s death
Octavian defeated Antony Became absolute ruler of Rome
Roman Empire 27 BC--476 AD Octavian
Senate gave him the title of Augustus Began Pax Romana Developed trade/industry/science/arts
Trajan Empire at its greatest
Hadrian Built defensive walls in Britain
Roman Empire Marcus Aurelius
Philosopher/ruler/soldier His death ended Pax Romana
Diocletian Divided Empire
Constantine Reunited empire Moved capital to Byzantium Converted to Christianity
Germanic Invasion Germans allowed to settle Huns pushed more Germans in
Visigoths in Spain Ostrogoths in Italy Vandals in North Africa Franks in Gaul Angles & Saxons in Britain
476AD-last Roman emperor
Why West Fell-Political Corrupt dictatorial government Did not have people’s loyalty Empire could not be governed
efficiently from one central city Primitive transportation Poor communication
Rivalry over succession led to civil wars
Why West Fell-Economic Small farmers abandoned land
Became workers on large estates Lost desire to increase production
Heavy, unjust taxation Burdened people Destroyed ambition to work and
progress Widespread use of slaves
Why West Fell-Social
People only interested in luxury & survival
Ideals had almost vanished Sharp class distinctions Cities declined
Previous centers of culture and industry
People fled to rural regions
Why West Fell-Military
Roman armies included German mercenaries
Armies considered themselves masters of the state, not its servants
Roman Contributions Pax Romana—27 BC-180 AD
Greco-Roman (classical) civilization spread throughout Empire
Roman Law Influenced legal systems in Byzantine
Empire, Western Europe and US
Architecture Effectively used concrete, arch
and dome
Pantheon
Roman Contributions Language
Romance languages Literature
Cicero—Father of Latin prose Vergil—Wrote the Aeneid
Historical Writing Livy—Wrote history of Rome Plutarch—Wrote Parallel Lives
Roman Contributions Science
Practical scientists in: Sanitation Public health
Research scientists generally non-Roman Ptolemy (Greek)
Sun revolves around earth